Cresco Plain Dealer. Gompers and T.R. Clash on Race Riots (Cresco, Howard County, Iowa), July 13, 1917. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Library of Congress.
"Speech by Marcus Garvey, July 8, 1917"Archived January 19, 2017, at the Wayback Machine. Excerpts from Robert A. Hill, ed. The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers, Volume I, 1826 – August 1919. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1983, accessed 1 February 2009, PBS, American Experience.
"Speech by Marcus Garvey, July 8, 1917"Archived January 19, 2017, at the Wayback Machine. Excerpts from Robert A. Hill, ed. The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers, Volume I, 1826 – August 1919. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1983, accessed 1 February 2009, PBS, American Experience.