Carpenter 1952, p. 239: "The Common Garter Snake, while showing a preference for earthworms (80%), also has a secondary preference for amphibians (15%) and consumed a much greater variety of foods, including mammals, fish, caterpillars and leeches (Fig. 4)." Carpenter, Charles C. (October 1952). "Comparative Ecology of the Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalis), the Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis s. sauritus), and Butler's Garter Snake (Thamnophis butleri) in Mixed Populations". Ecological Monographs. 22 (4). Wiley: 235–258. doi:10.2307/1948469. JSTOR1948469.
Carpenter 1952, p. 239: "Common Garter Snakes exceeding 40 cm in length capture more amphibians and take more warm blooded prey than the smaller snakes: earthworms 76% and 88%, amphibians 19% and 8%, mammals 2% and 0%, others 3% and 4%, respectively. The amphibians eaten by the small snakes were all small forms (two Hyla crucifer, one Pseudacris nigrita, one Acris crepitans, and a metamorphosing Rana clamitans). Large Rana clamitans and Rana pipiens, made up 65% of the amphibians eaten by the larger snakes, suggesting that they choose these larger frogs." Carpenter, Charles C. (October 1952). "Comparative Ecology of the Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalis), the Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis s. sauritus), and Butler's Garter Snake (Thamnophis butleri) in Mixed Populations". Ecological Monographs. 22 (4). Wiley: 235–258. doi:10.2307/1948469. JSTOR1948469.
Carpenter 1952, p. 241: "Six other individuals contained two or three types of food at one time in combinations of earthworms and mammal, earthworm and frog and another had eaten five mudminnows (Umbra limi), a tadpole and a leech." Carpenter, Charles C. (October 1952). "Comparative Ecology of the Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalis), the Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis s. sauritus), and Butler's Garter Snake (Thamnophis butleri) in Mixed Populations". Ecological Monographs. 22 (4). Wiley: 235–258. doi:10.2307/1948469. JSTOR1948469.
Carpenter 1952, p. 241: "A third disgorged an earthworm and a Jefferson Salamander (Ambystoma Jeffersonianum), one month later a Green Frog, and a little over one year later, three earthworms." Carpenter, Charles C. (October 1952). "Comparative Ecology of the Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalis), the Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis s. sauritus), and Butler's Garter Snake (Thamnophis butleri) in Mixed Populations". Ecological Monographs. 22 (4). Wiley: 235–258. doi:10.2307/1948469. JSTOR1948469.
Carpenter 1952, p. 242: "All of the mammals eaten were Microtus pennsylvanicus. Two were represented by the skull and fur, one by fur only, and the other by fur and newly born young." Carpenter, Charles C. (October 1952). "Comparative Ecology of the Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalis), the Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis s. sauritus), and Butler's Garter Snake (Thamnophis butleri) in Mixed Populations". Ecological Monographs. 22 (4). Wiley: 235–258. doi:10.2307/1948469. JSTOR1948469.
Carpenter 1952, p. 242: "The first record [from the Common Garter Snake] for a bird was an adult Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) taken at the Fleming Creek area. There is no evidence to show whether it was dead or alive when taken. The other record was for four Goldfinch nestlings (Spinus tristis) taken in the field just east of the Cherry Hill area, but the Goldfinches may have been alive, as indicated by adult activity near the nest, though the condition of the nest led me to believe they were dead when eaten." Carpenter, Charles C. (October 1952). "Comparative Ecology of the Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalis), the Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis s. sauritus), and Butler's Garter Snake (Thamnophis butleri) in Mixed Populations". Ecological Monographs. 22 (4). Wiley: 235–258. doi:10.2307/1948469. JSTOR1948469.
Carpenter 1952, p. 242: "Walkinshow (1943) reports this species eating Chipping Sparrows (Spizella passerina)." Carpenter, Charles C. (October 1952). "Comparative Ecology of the Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalis), the Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis s. sauritus), and Butler's Garter Snake (Thamnophis butleri) in Mixed Populations". Ecological Monographs. 22 (4). Wiley: 235–258. doi:10.2307/1948469. JSTOR1948469.
Carpenter 1952, p. 239: "The Common Garter Snake, while showing a preference for earthworms (80%), also has a secondary preference for amphibians (15%) and consumed a much greater variety of foods, including mammals, fish, caterpillars and leeches (Fig. 4)." Carpenter, Charles C. (October 1952). "Comparative Ecology of the Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalis), the Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis s. sauritus), and Butler's Garter Snake (Thamnophis butleri) in Mixed Populations". Ecological Monographs. 22 (4). Wiley: 235–258. doi:10.2307/1948469. JSTOR1948469.
Carpenter 1952, p. 239: "Common Garter Snakes exceeding 40 cm in length capture more amphibians and take more warm blooded prey than the smaller snakes: earthworms 76% and 88%, amphibians 19% and 8%, mammals 2% and 0%, others 3% and 4%, respectively. The amphibians eaten by the small snakes were all small forms (two Hyla crucifer, one Pseudacris nigrita, one Acris crepitans, and a metamorphosing Rana clamitans). Large Rana clamitans and Rana pipiens, made up 65% of the amphibians eaten by the larger snakes, suggesting that they choose these larger frogs." Carpenter, Charles C. (October 1952). "Comparative Ecology of the Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalis), the Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis s. sauritus), and Butler's Garter Snake (Thamnophis butleri) in Mixed Populations". Ecological Monographs. 22 (4). Wiley: 235–258. doi:10.2307/1948469. JSTOR1948469.
Carpenter 1952, p. 241: "Six other individuals contained two or three types of food at one time in combinations of earthworms and mammal, earthworm and frog and another had eaten five mudminnows (Umbra limi), a tadpole and a leech." Carpenter, Charles C. (October 1952). "Comparative Ecology of the Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalis), the Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis s. sauritus), and Butler's Garter Snake (Thamnophis butleri) in Mixed Populations". Ecological Monographs. 22 (4). Wiley: 235–258. doi:10.2307/1948469. JSTOR1948469.
Carpenter 1952, p. 241: "A third disgorged an earthworm and a Jefferson Salamander (Ambystoma Jeffersonianum), one month later a Green Frog, and a little over one year later, three earthworms." Carpenter, Charles C. (October 1952). "Comparative Ecology of the Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalis), the Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis s. sauritus), and Butler's Garter Snake (Thamnophis butleri) in Mixed Populations". Ecological Monographs. 22 (4). Wiley: 235–258. doi:10.2307/1948469. JSTOR1948469.
Carpenter 1952, p. 242: "All of the mammals eaten were Microtus pennsylvanicus. Two were represented by the skull and fur, one by fur only, and the other by fur and newly born young." Carpenter, Charles C. (October 1952). "Comparative Ecology of the Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalis), the Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis s. sauritus), and Butler's Garter Snake (Thamnophis butleri) in Mixed Populations". Ecological Monographs. 22 (4). Wiley: 235–258. doi:10.2307/1948469. JSTOR1948469.
Carpenter 1952, p. 242: "The first record [from the Common Garter Snake] for a bird was an adult Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) taken at the Fleming Creek area. There is no evidence to show whether it was dead or alive when taken. The other record was for four Goldfinch nestlings (Spinus tristis) taken in the field just east of the Cherry Hill area, but the Goldfinches may have been alive, as indicated by adult activity near the nest, though the condition of the nest led me to believe they were dead when eaten." Carpenter, Charles C. (October 1952). "Comparative Ecology of the Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalis), the Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis s. sauritus), and Butler's Garter Snake (Thamnophis butleri) in Mixed Populations". Ecological Monographs. 22 (4). Wiley: 235–258. doi:10.2307/1948469. JSTOR1948469.
Carpenter 1952, p. 242: "Walkinshow (1943) reports this species eating Chipping Sparrows (Spizella passerina)." Carpenter, Charles C. (October 1952). "Comparative Ecology of the Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalis), the Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis s. sauritus), and Butler's Garter Snake (Thamnophis butleri) in Mixed Populations". Ecological Monographs. 22 (4). Wiley: 235–258. doi:10.2307/1948469. JSTOR1948469.
Ontario Nature 2024: "Neither the Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario nor the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada has assessed the status of the eastern gartersnake. [...] The International Union for Conservation of Nature has not yet assessed the global status of the eastern gartersnake, but lists the common gartersnake (of which the eastern gartersnake is a subspecies) as Least Concern." Ontario Nature (16 January 2024) [30 October 2017]. "Eastern Gartersnake". Ontario Nature. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
