Douzougli & Papadopoulos 2010, p. 1: "In Homer (Iliad 2, 635), where mention is made of the »mainland« opposite Ithake, the use is purely geographical. As a proper name it first appears in Hekataios and, as Irad Malkin notes, it is not an ethnic appellation but one of the few Greek place names coined from a maritime-geographical perspective. What is peculiar is that the name given by foreigners came to be adopted by the inhabitants of the land themselves." Douzougli, Angelika; Papadopoulos, John (2010). "Liatovouni: a Molossian cemetery and settlement in Epirus". Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts. 125.
Foster 2017, p. 69: "[...] book 18 (84-87): [...] 'If this man beats you and proves himself the stronger, I will send you toward the mainland, having thrown you on a black ship, to King Echetos, a scourge for all men, who will cut off your nose and ears with pitiless bronze and, tearing off your genitals, give them raw to the dogs to divide among themselves.'; "I agree with Malkin (1998: 153) that the "mainland" here must refer to mainland Greece." Foster, Margaret (2017). The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece. Oakland, CA: University of California Press. ISBN9780520295001.
Malkin 2001, p. 205: "Eumaeus elaborates on the property his master used to have on "the dark mainland" (Epeiros [14.97–100]), where Odysseus kept herds of cattle, sheep, goats, and swine attended by both xenoi (not in the sense of barbarians) and his own men." Malkin, Irad (2001). "Greek Ambiguities: Between "Ancient Hellas" and "Barbarian Epirus"". In Malkin, Irad (ed.). Ancient Perceptions of Greek Ethnicity. Washington, D.C.: Center for Hellenic Studies Trustees for Harvard University.
Malkin 2001, p. 205: "The frightening Echetus, Cape Nericos conquered by Laertes—seem to belong to a partly hostile "dark mainland" directly opposite Ithaca. Neighbors can be worst enemies, not because of some qualitative or ethnic difference. Pheidon is a civilized king, but Echetus of the mainland opposite Ithaca is frightening [...] Malkin, Irad (2001). "Greek Ambiguities: Between "Ancient Hellas" and "Barbarian Epirus"". In Malkin, Irad (ed.). Ancient Perceptions of Greek Ethnicity. Washington, D.C.: Center for Hellenic Studies Trustees for Harvard University.
brepolsonline.net
Pliakou 2024, p. 63: "Epirus The earliest occurrence of the word ἤπειρος in ancient literary sources can be found in Homer's Odyssey, where it is employed to define land in opposition to sea. In Homeric poetry, the term is occasionally used to designate the mainland core of north-western Greece. Although during the Classical period Ἠπείρος was still sporadically used as a general designation of land, it also began to identify the area broadly spreading along the Ionian coast, north of the Ambracian Gulf, while the earliest geographical descriptions also attempt to delineate its boundaries." Pliakou, Georgia (2024). "Settlement Patterns in Molossia: The Case of the Ioannina Basin". In Melfi, Milena; Stamatopoulou, Maria (eds.). Redefining Ancient Epirus. Brepols Publishers. pp. 63‒91. ISBN9782503581484.
Pliakou 2024, p. 63 and footnote 2; see also Odyssey, 24.377‒78. Pliakou, Georgia (2024). "Settlement Patterns in Molossia: The Case of the Ioannina Basin". In Melfi, Milena; Stamatopoulou, Maria (eds.). Redefining Ancient Epirus. Brepols Publishers. pp. 63‒91. ISBN9782503581484.
tufts.edu
perseus.tufts.edu
George W. Mooney, Commentary on Apollonius: Argonautica4.1093
Homer. Odyssey, 14.97–100; see ἠπείροιο μελαίνης meaning "dark mainland".
Pliakou 2024, p. 63 and footnote 2; see also Odyssey, 24.377‒78. Pliakou, Georgia (2024). "Settlement Patterns in Molossia: The Case of the Ioannina Basin". In Melfi, Milena; Stamatopoulou, Maria (eds.). Redefining Ancient Epirus. Brepols Publishers. pp. 63‒91. ISBN9782503581484.
