Echinoderm (English Wikipedia)

Waggoner 1995 Waggoner, Ben (16 January 1995). "Echinodermata: Fossil Record". Introduction to the Echinodermata. Museum of Paleontology: University of California at Berkeley. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
Smith 2005 Smith, Dave (28 September 2005). "Vendian Animals: Arkarua". Retrieved 14 March 2013.
UCMP Berkeley, Echinodermata: Morphology UCMP Berkeley. "Echinodermata: Morphology". University of California Museum of Paleontology. Retrieved 21 March 2011.

biodiversitylibrary.org

Bather 1900 Bather, F. A. (1900). "Chapter VIII: General Description of the Echinoderma". In Lankester, E. Ray (ed.). A Treatise on Zoology, Part III: The Echinoderma. Vol. 6. London: Adam & Charles Black. pp. 1–37. doi:10.1080/00222930008678384.
Bather 1900 Bather, F. A. (1900). "Chapter VIII: General Description of the Echinoderma". In Lankester, E. Ray (ed.). A Treatise on Zoology, Part III: The Echinoderma. Vol. 6. London: Adam & Charles Black. pp. 1–37. doi:10.1080/00222930008678384.

biolbull.org

Fisher 1925 Fisher, W. K. (1 March 1925). "Asexual Reproduction in the Starfish, Sclerasterias" (PDF). Biological Bulletin. 48 (3): 171–175. doi:10.2307/1536659. JSTOR 1536659. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
Dobson et al. 1991 Dobson, W. E.; Stancyk, S. E.; Clements, L. A.; Showman, R. M. (1 February 1991). "Nutrient Translocation during Early Disc Regeneration in the Brittlestar Microphiopholis gracillima (Stimpson) (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)". Biol Bull. 180 (1): 167–184. doi:10.2307/1542439. JSTOR 1542439. PMID 29303627. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
Mashanov, Dolmatov & Heinzeller 2005 Mashanov, Vladimir S.; Dolmatov, Igor Yu.; Heinzeller, Thomas (1 December 2005). "Transdifferentiation in Holothurian Gut Regeneration". The Biological Bulletin. 209 (3): 184–193. doi:10.2307/3593108. JSTOR 3593108. PMID 16382166. S2CID 27847466.
Kille 1942 Kille, Frank R. (1942). "Regeneration of the Reproductive System Following Binary Fission in the Sea-Cucumber, Holothuria parvula (Selenka)" (PDF). Biological Bulletin. 83 (1): 55–66. doi:10.2307/1538013. JSTOR 1538013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Jaeckle 1994 Jaeckle, William B. (1 February 1994). "Multiple Modes of Asexual Reproduction by Tropical and Subtropical Sea Star Larvae: An Unusual Adaptation for Genet Dispersal and Survival" (PDF). Biological Bulletin. 186 (1): 62–71. doi:10.2307/1542036. JSTOR 1542036. PMID 29283296. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
Vaughn 2009 Vaughn, Dawn (October 2009). "Predator-Induced Larval Cloning in the Sand Dollar Dendraster excentricus: Might Mothers Matter?". Biological Bulletin. 217 (2): 103–114. doi:10.1086/BBLv217n2p103. PMID 19875816. S2CID 26030855.
McDonald & Vaughn 2010 McDonald, Kathryn A.; Vaughn, Dawn (1 August 2010). "Abrupt Change in Food Environment Induces Cloning in Plutei of Dendraster excentricus". Biological Bulletin. 219 (1): 38–49. doi:10.1086/BBLv219n1p38. PMID 20813988. S2CID 24422314. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
Mladenov et al. 1989 Mladenov, Philip V.; Igdoura, Suleiman; Asotra, Satish; Burke, Robert D. (1 April 1989). "Purification and partial characterisation of an autotomy-promoting factor from the sea star Pycnopodia Helianthoides". The Biological Bulletin. 176 (2): 169–175. doi:10.2307/1541585. JSTOR 1541585.

bishopmuseum.org

hbs.bishopmuseum.org

Edmondson 1935 Edmondson, C.H. (1935). "Autotomy and regeneration of Hawaiian starfishes" (PDF). Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 11 (8): 3–20. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.

books.google.com

Jangoux 1982, p. 244 Jangoux, Michel (1982). "11. Digestive Systems". In Jangoux, Michel; Lawrence, John M. (eds.). Echinoderm Nutrition. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema. pp. 235–272. ISBN 978-90-6191-080-0.
Rigby, Iken & Shirayama 2007, p. 44 Rigby, P. Robin; Iken, Katrin; Shirayama, Yoshihisa (2007). Sampling Biodiversity in Coastal Communities: NaGISA Protocols for Seagrass and Macroalgal Habitats. NUS Press. ISBN 978-9971693688.
Young & Eckelbarger 1994, pp. 179–194 Young, Craig M.; Eckelbarger, Kevin J. (1994). Reproduction, Larval Biology, and Recruitment of the Deep-Sea Benthos. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231080042.
Birkeland & Lucas 1990 Birkeland, Charles; Lucas, John S. (1990). "Effects of A. planci on Coral-Reef Communities". Acanthaster planci: Major Management Problem of Coral Reefs. Florida: CRC Press. pp. 148–159. ISBN 0849365996.

britannica.com

Miller 1998 Miller, John E. (20 July 1998). "Echinoderm: role in nature". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 23 June 2022.

core.ac.uk

Conway Morris et al. 2015, pp. 4–6 Conway Morris, Simon; Halgedahl, Susan L.; Selden, Paul; Jarrard, Richard D. (2015). "Rare primitive deuterostomes from the Cambrian (Series 3) of Utah" (PDF). Journal of Paleontology. 89 (4): 631–636. Bibcode:2015JPal...89..631C. doi:10.1017/jpa.2015.40.

csuci.edu

repository.library.csuci.edu

McAlary 1993 McAlary, Florence A. (1993). Population Structure and Reproduction of the Fissiparous Seastar, Linckia columbiae Gray, on Santa Catalina Island, California. 3rd California Islands Symposium. National Park Service. Retrieved 15 April 2012.

dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Barkhouse, Niles & Davidson 2007 Barkhouse, C.; Niles, M.; Davidson, L. A. (2007). "A literature review of sea star control methods for bottom and off bottom shellfish cultures" (PDF). Canadian Industry Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 279 (7): 14–15. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 May 2013.

dictionary.com

"echinoderm". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d.

doi.org

Smith, Zamora & Álvaro 2013, p. 2 Smith, A.; Zamora, S.; Álvaro, J. (22 January 2013). "The oldest echinoderm faunas from Gondwana show that echinoderm body plan diversification was rapid". Nature Communications. 4 1385. doi:10.1038/ncomms2391.
Stokes 2021 Stokes, Robert B. (2021). "Attribution of the taxon name Echinodermata to Klein, 1778". Zootaxa. 5061 (1): 199–200. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5061.1.13. PMID 34810630.
Bather 1900 Bather, F. A. (1900). "Chapter VIII: General Description of the Echinoderma". In Lankester, E. Ray (ed.). A Treatise on Zoology, Part III: The Echinoderma. Vol. 6. London: Adam & Charles Black. pp. 1–37. doi:10.1080/00222930008678384.
Uthicke, Schaffelke & Byrne 2009 Uthicke, Sven; Schaffelke, Britta; Byrne, Maria (1 January 2009). "A boom–bust phylum? Ecological and evolutionary consequences of density variations in echinoderms". Ecological Monographs. 79 (1): 3–24. Bibcode:2009EcoM...79....3U. doi:10.1890/07-2136.1.
Arnone, Byrne & Martinez 2015 Arnone, Maria Ina; Byrne, Maria; Martinez, Pedro (2015). "Echinodermata". Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 6. Vienna: Springer Vienna. pp. 1–58. doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1856-6_1. ISBN 978-3-7091-1855-9.
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Lacali 2023 Lacali, Thurston (2023). "A radical evolutionary makeover gave echinoderms their unusual body plan". Nature. 623 (7987): 485–486. Bibcode:2023Natur.623..485L. doi:10.1038/d41586-023-03123-1. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 37914869.
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Smith 2010 Smith, L. Courtney (January 2010). "Echinoderm Immunity". Invertebrate Immunity. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 708. pp. 260–301. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8059-5_14. ISBN 978-1-4419-8058-8. PMID 21528703.
Smith et al. 2010 Smith, L. Courtney; Ghosh, Julie; Buckley, Katherine M.; et al. (2010). "Echinoderm Immunity". Invertebrate Immunity. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 708. Boston, Massachusetts: Springer. pp. 260–301. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8059-5_14. ISBN 978-1-4419-8058-8. PMID 21528703.
Hotchkiss 2000, last paragraph in review above Analysis Hotchkiss, Frederick H. C. (1 June 2000). "On the Number of Rays in Starfish". American Zoologist. 40 (3): 340–354. doi:10.1093/icb/40.3.340.
Fisher 1925 Fisher, W. K. (1 March 1925). "Asexual Reproduction in the Starfish, Sclerasterias" (PDF). Biological Bulletin. 48 (3): 171–175. doi:10.2307/1536659. JSTOR 1536659. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
Dobson et al. 1991 Dobson, W. E.; Stancyk, S. E.; Clements, L. A.; Showman, R. M. (1 February 1991). "Nutrient Translocation during Early Disc Regeneration in the Brittlestar Microphiopholis gracillima (Stimpson) (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)". Biol Bull. 180 (1): 167–184. doi:10.2307/1542439. JSTOR 1542439. PMID 29303627. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
Candia-Carnevali, Thorndyke & Matranga 2009 Candia-Carnevali, M. D.; Thorndyke, M. C.; Matranga, V. (2009). "Regenerating Echinoderms: A Promise to Understand Stem Cells Potential". In Rinkevich, B.; Matranga, V. (eds.). Stem Cells in Marine Organisms. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 165–186. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2767-2_7. ISBN 978-90-481-2766-5.
Mashanov, Dolmatov & Heinzeller 2005 Mashanov, Vladimir S.; Dolmatov, Igor Yu.; Heinzeller, Thomas (1 December 2005). "Transdifferentiation in Holothurian Gut Regeneration". The Biological Bulletin. 209 (3): 184–193. doi:10.2307/3593108. JSTOR 3593108. PMID 16382166. S2CID 27847466.
Yamaguchi & Lucas 1984 Yamaguchi, M.; Lucas, J. S. (1984). "Natural parthenogenesis, larval and juvenile development, and geographical distribution of the coral reef asteroid Ophidiaster granifer". Marine Biology. 83 (1): 33–42. Bibcode:1984MarBi..83...33Y. doi:10.1007/BF00393083. S2CID 84475593.
McGovern 2002 McGovern, Tamara M. (5 April 2002). "Patterns of sexual and asexual reproduction in the brittle star Ophiactis savignyi in the Florida Keys" (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 230: 119–126. Bibcode:2002MEPS..230..119M. doi:10.3354/meps230119. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Kille 1942 Kille, Frank R. (1942). "Regeneration of the Reproductive System Following Binary Fission in the Sea-Cucumber, Holothuria parvula (Selenka)" (PDF). Biological Bulletin. 83 (1): 55–66. doi:10.2307/1538013. JSTOR 1538013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Eaves & Palmer 2003 Eaves, Alexandra A.; Palmer, A. Richard (11 September 2003). "Reproduction: Widespread cloning in echinoderm larvae". Nature. 425 (6954): 146. Bibcode:2003Natur.425..146E. doi:10.1038/425146a. hdl:10402/era.17195. PMID 12968170. S2CID 4430104.
Jaeckle 1994 Jaeckle, William B. (1 February 1994). "Multiple Modes of Asexual Reproduction by Tropical and Subtropical Sea Star Larvae: An Unusual Adaptation for Genet Dispersal and Survival" (PDF). Biological Bulletin. 186 (1): 62–71. doi:10.2307/1542036. JSTOR 1542036. PMID 29283296. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
Vaughn 2009 Vaughn, Dawn (October 2009). "Predator-Induced Larval Cloning in the Sand Dollar Dendraster excentricus: Might Mothers Matter?". Biological Bulletin. 217 (2): 103–114. doi:10.1086/BBLv217n2p103. PMID 19875816. S2CID 26030855.
McDonald & Vaughn 2010 McDonald, Kathryn A.; Vaughn, Dawn (1 August 2010). "Abrupt Change in Food Environment Induces Cloning in Plutei of Dendraster excentricus". Biological Bulletin. 219 (1): 38–49. doi:10.1086/BBLv219n1p38. PMID 20813988. S2CID 24422314. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
Vaughn & Strathmann 2008 Vaughn, Dawn; Strathmann, Richard R. (14 March 2008). "Predators induce cloning in echinoderm larvae". Science. 319 (5869): 1503. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1503V. doi:10.1126/science.1151995. JSTOR 40284699. PMID 18339931. S2CID 206509992. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
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Smith 1937 Smith, J. E. (1937). "The structure and function of the tube feet in certain echinoderms" (PDF). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 22 (1): 345–357. Bibcode:1937JMBUK..22..345S. doi:10.1017/S0025315400012042. S2CID 55933156. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2013.
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Mladenov et al. 1989 Mladenov, Philip V.; Igdoura, Suleiman; Asotra, Satish; Burke, Robert D. (1 April 1989). "Purification and partial characterisation of an autotomy-promoting factor from the sea star Pycnopodia Helianthoides". The Biological Bulletin. 176 (2): 169–175. doi:10.2307/1541585. JSTOR 1541585.
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Rahman & Zamora 2024, p. 310 Rahman, Imran A.; Zamora, Samuel (July 2024). "Origin and early evolution of echinoderms". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 52 (1): 295–320. Bibcode:2024AREPS..52..295R. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-031621-113343. hdl:10141/623070.
Rahman & Zamora 2024, p. 311 Rahman, Imran A.; Zamora, Samuel (July 2024). "Origin and early evolution of echinoderms". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 52 (1): 295–320. Bibcode:2024AREPS..52..295R. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-031621-113343. hdl:10141/623070.
Rahman & Zamora 2024, p. 298 Rahman, Imran A.; Zamora, Samuel (July 2024). "Origin and early evolution of echinoderms". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 52 (1): 295–320. Bibcode:2024AREPS..52..295R. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-031621-113343. hdl:10141/623070.
Rahman & Zamora 2024, p. 296 Rahman, Imran A.; Zamora, Samuel (July 2024). "Origin and early evolution of echinoderms". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 52 (1): 295–320. Bibcode:2024AREPS..52..295R. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-031621-113343. hdl:10141/623070.
Rahman & Zamora 2024, pp. 299–303 Rahman, Imran A.; Zamora, Samuel (July 2024). "Origin and early evolution of echinoderms". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 52 (1): 295–320. Bibcode:2024AREPS..52..295R. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-031621-113343. hdl:10141/623070.
Zamora et al. 2020 Zamora, Samuel; Wright, David F.; Mooi, Rich; Lefebvre, Bertrand; Guensburg, Thomas E.; Gorzelak, Przemysław; David, Bruno; Sumrall, Colin D.; Cole, Selina R.; Hunter, Aaron W.; Sprinkle, James (3 September 2020). "Re-evaluating the phylogenetic position of the enigmatic early Cambrian deuterostome Yanjiahella". Nature Communications. 11 1286. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.1286Z. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14920-x. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7063041. PMID 32152310.
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