Echinoderm (English Wikipedia)

Carefoot, Tom. "Learn about sea urchins: feeding, nutrition & growth". A Snail's Odyssey. Archived from the original on 22 March 2013. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
Carefoot, Tom. "Learn about feather stars: feeding & growth". A Snail's Odyssey. Archived from the original on 12 January 2013. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
Carefoot, Tom. "Learn about sand dollars: feeding & growth". A Snail's Odyssey. Archived from the original on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 23 February 2013.

berkeley.edu

ucmp.berkeley.edu

Smith, Dave (28 September 2005). "Vendian Animals: Arkarua". Retrieved 14 March 2013.
Waggoner, Ben (16 January 1995). "Echinodermata: Fossil Record". Introduction to the Echinodermata. Museum of Paleontology: University of California at Berkeley. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
UCMP Berkeley. "Echinodermata: Morphology". University of California Museum of Paleontology. Retrieved 21 March 2011.

biolbull.org

Fisher, W. K. (1 March 1925). "Asexual Reproduction in the Starfish, Sclerasterias" (PDF). Biological Bulletin. 48 (3): 171–175. doi:10.2307/1536659. JSTOR 1536659. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
Dobson, W. E.; S. E. Stancyk; L. A. Clements; R. M. Showman (1 February 1991). "Nutrient Translocation during Early Disc Regeneration in the Brittlestar Microphiopholis gracillima (Stimpson) (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)". Biol Bull. 180 (1): 167–184. doi:10.2307/1542439. JSTOR 1542439. PMID 29303627. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
Mashanov, Vladimir S.; Igor Yu. Dolmatov; Thomas Heinzeller (1 December 2005). "Transdifferentiation in Holothurian Gut Regeneration". The Biological Bulletin. 209 (3): 184–193. doi:10.2307/3593108. JSTOR 3593108. PMID 16382166. S2CID 27847466.
Kille, Frank R. (1942). "Regeneration of the Reproductive System Following Binary Fission in the Sea-Cucumber, Holothuria parvula (Selenka)" (PDF). Biological Bulletin. 83 (1): 55–66. doi:10.2307/1538013. JSTOR 1538013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Jaeckle, William B. (1 February 1994). "Multiple Modes of Asexual Reproduction by Tropical and Subtropical Sea Star Larvae: An Unusual Adaptation for Genet Dispersal and Survival" (PDF). Biological Bulletin. 186 (1): 62–71. doi:10.2307/1542036. JSTOR 1542036. PMID 29283296. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
Vaughn, Dawn (October 2009). "Predator-Induced Larval Cloning in the Sand Dollar Dendraster excentricus: Might Mothers Matter?". Biological Bulletin. 217 (2): 103–114. doi:10.1086/BBLv217n2p103. PMID 19875816. S2CID 26030855.
McDonald, Kathryn A.; Dawn Vaughn (1 August 2010). "Abrupt Change in Food Environment Induces Cloning in Plutei of Dendraster excentricus". Biological Bulletin. 219 (1): 38–49. doi:10.1086/BBLv219n1p38. PMID 20813988. S2CID 24422314. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
Mladenov, Philip V.; Igdoura, Suleiman; Asotra, Satish; Burke, Robert D. (1 April 1989). "Purification and partial characterisation of an autotomy-promoting factor from the sea star Pycnopodia Helianthoides". The Biological Bulletin. 176 (2): 169–175. doi:10.2307/1541585. JSTOR 1541585.

bishopmuseum.org

hbs.bishopmuseum.org

Edmondson, C.H. (1935). "Autotomy and regeneration of Hawaiian starfishes" (PDF). Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 11 (8): 3–20. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.

books.google.com

Jangoux, Michel (1982). "11. Digestive Systems". In Jangoux, Michel; Lawrence, John M. (eds.). Echinoderm Nutrition. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema. p. 244. ISBN 978-90-6191-080-0.
Rigby, P. Robin; Iken, Katrin; Shirayama, Yoshihisa (2007). Sampling Biodiversity in Coastal Communities: NaGISA Protocols for Seagrass and Macroalgal Habitats. NUS Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-9971693688.
Young, Craig M.; Eckelbarger, Kevin J. (1994). Reproduction, Larval Biology, and Recruitment of the Deep-Sea Benthos. Columbia University Press. pp. 179–194. ISBN 0231080042.
Birkeland, Charles; Lucas, John S. (1990). "Effects of A. planci on Coral-Reef Communities". Acanthaster planci: Major Management Problem of Coral Reefs. Florida: CRC Press. pp. 148–159. ISBN 0849365996.

britannica.com

Miller, John E. "Echinoderm: role in nature". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 23 June 2022.

csuci.edu

repository.library.csuci.edu

McAlary, Florence A. (1993). Population Structure and Reproduction of the Fissiparous Seastar, Linckia columbiae Gray, on Santa Catalina Island, California. 3rd California Islands Symposium. National Park Service. Retrieved 15 April 2012.

dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Barkhouse, C.; Niles, M.; Davidson, L. A. (2007). "A literature review of sea star control methods for bottom and off bottom shellfish cultures" (PDF). Canadian Industry Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 279 (7): 14–15. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 May 2013.

dictionary.com

"echinoderm". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d.

doi.org

Smith, A., Zamora, S. & Álvaro, J. The oldest echinoderm faunas from Gondwana show that echinoderm body plan diversification was rapid. Nat Commun 4, 1385 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2391.
Escriva, Hector; Reich, Adrian; Dunn, Casey; Akasaka, Koji; Wessel, Gary (2015). "Phylogenomic Analyses of Echinodermata Support the Sister Groups of Asterozoa and Echinozoa". PLOS ONE. 10 (3): e0119627. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1019627R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119627. PMC 4368666. PMID 25794146.
Telford, M. J.; Lowe, C. J.; Cameron, C. B.; Ortega-Martinez, O.; Aronowicz, J.; Oliveri, P.; Copley, R. R. (2014). "Phylogenomic analysis of echinoderm class relationships supports Asterozoa". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 281 (1786): 20140479. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.0479. PMC 4046411. PMID 24850925.
Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Giribet, Gonzalo; Dunn, Casey W.; Hejnol, Andreas; Kristensen, Reinhardt M.; Neves, Ricardo C.; Rouse, Greg W.; Worsaae, Katrine; Sørensen, Martin V. (June 2011). "Higher-level metazoan relationships: recent progress and remaining questions". Organisms, Diversity & Evolution. 11 (2): 151–172. doi:10.1007/s13127-011-0044-4. S2CID 32169826.
Uthicke, Sven; Schaffelke, Britta; Byrne, Maria (1 January 2009). "A boom–bust phylum? Ecological and evolutionary consequences of density variations in echinoderms". Ecological Monographs. 79 (1): 3–24. Bibcode:2009EcoM...79....3U. doi:10.1890/07-2136.1.
Arnone, Maria Ina; Byrne, Maria; Martinez, Pedro (2015). "Echinodermata". Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 6. Vienna: Springer Vienna. pp. 1–58. doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1856-6_1. ISBN 978-3-7091-1855-9.
Holló, Gábor; Novák, Mihály (2012). "The manoeuvrability hypothesis to explain the maintenance of bilateral symmetry in animal evolution". Biology Direct. 7 (1): 22. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-7-22. PMC 3438024. PMID 22789130.
Perillo, Margherita; Oulhen, Nathalie; Foster, Stephany; Spurrell, Maxwell; Calestani, Cristina; Wessel, Gary (19 August 2020). "Regulation of dynamic pigment cell states at single-cell resolution". eLife. 9. doi:10.7554/elife.60388. PMC 7455242. PMID 32812865.
Weber, W.; Dambach, M. (April 1974). "Light-sensitivity of isolated pigment cells of the sea urchin Centrostephanus longispinus". Cell and Tissue Research. 148 (3): 437–440. doi:10.1007/BF00224270. PMID 4831958. S2CID 1669387.
Motokawa, Tatsuo (May 1984). "Connective tissue catch in echinoderms". Biological Reviews. 59 (2): 255–270. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1984.tb00409.x. S2CID 86391676.
Smith, Courtney (January 2010). "Echinoderm Immunity". Invertebrate Immunity. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 708. pp. 260–301. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8059-5_14. ISBN 978-1-4419-8058-8. PMID 21528703.
Smith, L. Courtney; Ghosh, Julie; Buckley, Katherine M.; et al. (2010). "Echinoderm Immunity". Invertebrate Immunity. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 708. Boston, Massachusetts: Springer. pp. 260–301. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8059-5_14. ISBN 978-1-4419-8058-8. PMID 21528703.
See last paragraph in review above AnalysisHotchkiss, Frederick H. C. (1 June 2000). "On the Number of Rays in Starfish". American Zoologist. 40 (3): 340–354. doi:10.1093/icb/40.3.340.
Fisher, W. K. (1 March 1925). "Asexual Reproduction in the Starfish, Sclerasterias" (PDF). Biological Bulletin. 48 (3): 171–175. doi:10.2307/1536659. JSTOR 1536659. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
Dobson, W. E.; S. E. Stancyk; L. A. Clements; R. M. Showman (1 February 1991). "Nutrient Translocation during Early Disc Regeneration in the Brittlestar Microphiopholis gracillima (Stimpson) (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)". Biol Bull. 180 (1): 167–184. doi:10.2307/1542439. JSTOR 1542439. PMID 29303627. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
Candia-Carnevali, M. D.; Thorndyke, M. C.; Matranga, V. (2009). "Regenerating Echinoderms: A Promise to Understand Stem Cells Potential". In Rinkevich, B.; Matranga, V. (eds.). Stem Cells in Marine Organisms. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 165–186. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2767-2_7. ISBN 978-90-481-2766-5.
Mashanov, Vladimir S.; Igor Yu. Dolmatov; Thomas Heinzeller (1 December 2005). "Transdifferentiation in Holothurian Gut Regeneration". The Biological Bulletin. 209 (3): 184–193. doi:10.2307/3593108. JSTOR 3593108. PMID 16382166. S2CID 27847466.
Yamaguchi, M.; J. S. Lucas (1984). "Natural parthenogenesis, larval and juvenile development, and geographical distribution of the coral reef asteroid Ophidiaster granifer". Marine Biology. 83 (1): 33–42. Bibcode:1984MarBi..83...33Y. doi:10.1007/BF00393083. S2CID 84475593.
McGovern, Tamara M. (5 April 2002). "Patterns of sexual and asexual reproduction in the brittle star Ophiactis savignyi in the Florida Keys" (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 230: 119–126. Bibcode:2002MEPS..230..119M. doi:10.3354/meps230119. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Kille, Frank R. (1942). "Regeneration of the Reproductive System Following Binary Fission in the Sea-Cucumber, Holothuria parvula (Selenka)" (PDF). Biological Bulletin. 83 (1): 55–66. doi:10.2307/1538013. JSTOR 1538013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Eaves, Alexandra A.; Palmer, A. Richard (11 September 2003). "Reproduction: Widespread cloning in echinoderm larvae". Nature. 425 (6954): 146. Bibcode:2003Natur.425..146E. doi:10.1038/425146a. hdl:10402/era.17195. PMID 12968170. S2CID 4430104.
Jaeckle, William B. (1 February 1994). "Multiple Modes of Asexual Reproduction by Tropical and Subtropical Sea Star Larvae: An Unusual Adaptation for Genet Dispersal and Survival" (PDF). Biological Bulletin. 186 (1): 62–71. doi:10.2307/1542036. JSTOR 1542036. PMID 29283296. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
Vaughn, Dawn (October 2009). "Predator-Induced Larval Cloning in the Sand Dollar Dendraster excentricus: Might Mothers Matter?". Biological Bulletin. 217 (2): 103–114. doi:10.1086/BBLv217n2p103. PMID 19875816. S2CID 26030855.
McDonald, Kathryn A.; Dawn Vaughn (1 August 2010). "Abrupt Change in Food Environment Induces Cloning in Plutei of Dendraster excentricus". Biological Bulletin. 219 (1): 38–49. doi:10.1086/BBLv219n1p38. PMID 20813988. S2CID 24422314. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
Vaughn, Dawn; Richard R. Strathmann (14 March 2008). "Predators induce cloning in echinoderm larvae". Science. 319 (5869): 1503. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1503V. doi:10.1126/science.1151995. JSTOR 40284699. PMID 18339931. S2CID 206509992. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
Vaughn, Dawn (March 2010). "Why run and hide when you can divide? Evidence for larval cloning and reduced larval size as an adaptive inducible defense". Marine Biology. 157 (6): 1301–1312. Bibcode:2010MarBi.157.1301V. doi:10.1007/s00227-010-1410-z. S2CID 84336247.
Xiaofeng, Wang; Hagdorn, Hans; Chuanshang, Wang (September 2006). "Pseudoplanktonic lifestyle of the Triassic crinoid Traumatocrinus from Southwest China". Lethaia. 39 (3): 187–193. Bibcode:2006Letha..39..187X. doi:10.1080/00241160600715321.
Smith, J. E. (1937). "The structure and function of the tube feet in certain echinoderms" (PDF). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 22 (1): 345–357. Bibcode:1937JMBUK..22..345S. doi:10.1017/S0025315400012042. S2CID 55933156. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2013.
Astley, H. C. (2012). "Getting around when you're round: Quantitative analysis of the locomotion of the blunt-spined brittle star, Ophiocoma echinata". Journal of Experimental Biology. 215 (11): 1923–1929. doi:10.1242/jeb.068460. PMID 22573771.
Mladenov, Philip V.; Igdoura, Suleiman; Asotra, Satish; Burke, Robert D. (1 April 1989). "Purification and partial characterisation of an autotomy-promoting factor from the sea star Pycnopodia Helianthoides". The Biological Bulletin. 176 (2): 169–175. doi:10.2307/1541585. JSTOR 1541585.
Lebrato, Mario; Iglesias-Rodríguez, Debora; Feely, Richard A.; et al. (2010). "Global contribution of echinoderms to the marine carbon cycle: CaCO3 budget and benthic compartments". Ecological Monographs. 80 (3): 441–467. Bibcode:2010EcoM...80..441L. doi:10.1890/09-0553.1. hdl:10261/79231.
Pangestuti, Ratih; Arifin, Zainal (2018). "Medicinal and health benefit effects of functional sea cucumbers". Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine. 8 (3): 341–351. doi:10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.06.007. PMC 6035309. PMID 29992105.
Lawrence, John M. (2001). "The edible sea urchins". In John M. Lawrence (ed.). Edible Sea Urchins: Biology and Ecology. Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science. Vol. 37. pp. 1–4. doi:10.1016/S0167-9309(01)80002-8. ISBN 978-0444503909.
Sartori D., Scuderi A.; Sansone G.; Gaion A. (February 2015). "Echinoculture: the rearing of Paracentrotus lividus in a recirculating aquaculture system—experiments of artificial diets for the maintenance of sexual maturation". Aquaculture International. 23 (1): 111–125. Bibcode:2015AqInt..23..111S. doi:10.1007/s10499-014-9802-6. S2CID 18856183.
Sartori, D.; Gaion, A. (2015). "Toxicity of polyunsaturated aldehydes of diatoms to Indo-Pacific bioindicator organism Echinometra mathaei". Drug and Chemical Toxicology. 39 (2): 124–8. doi:10.3109/01480545.2015.1041602. PMID 25945412. S2CID 207437380.
Gaion, A.; Scuderi, A.; Pellegrini, D.; Sartori, D. (2013). "Arsenic Exposure Affects Embryo Development of Sea Urchin, Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816)". Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 39 (2): 124–8. doi:10.3109/01480545.2015.1041602. PMID 25945412. S2CID 207437380.
Hart, M. W. (January–February 2002). "Life history evolution and comparative developmental biology of echinoderms". Evolution and Development. 4 (1): 62–71. doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2002.01052.x. PMID 11868659. S2CID 39175905.
Longo, F. J.; Anderson, E. (June 1969). "Sperm differentiation in the sea urchins Arbacia punctulata and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus". Journal of Ultrastructure Research. 27 (5): 486–509. doi:10.1016/S0022-5320(69)80046-8. PMID 5816822.
Arshinoff, Bradley I; Cary, Gregory A; Karimi, Kamran; Foley, Saoirse; Agalakov, Sergei; Delgado, Francisco; Lotay, Vaneet S; Ku, Carolyn J; Pells, Troy J; Beatman, Thomas R; Kim, Eugene; Cameron, R Andrew; Vize, Peter D; Telmer, Cheryl A; Croce, Jenifer C; Ettensohn, Charles A; Hinman, Veronica F (7 January 2022). "Echinobase: leveraging an extant model organism database to build a knowledgebase supporting research on the genomics and biology of echinoderms". Nucleic Acids Research. 50 (D1): D970–D979. doi:10.1093/nar/gkab1005. PMC 8728261. PMID 34791383.

etymonline.com

"echinoderm". Online Etymology Dictionary.

exploratorium.edu

annex.exploratorium.edu

"Insight from the Sea Urchin". Microscope Imaging Station. Exploratorium. Archived from the original on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2022.

fao.org

"B-76 Sea-urchins and other echinoderms Capture production by species, fishing areas and countries or areas" (PDF). FAO. pp. 463–465. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2022.

ghostarchive.org

James, Philip; Siikavuopio, Sten; Johansson, Gunhild Seljehaug (2018). "A Guide to the Sea Urchin Reproductive Cycle and Staging Sea Urchin Gonad Samples" (PDF). Nofima. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022. The GI [% of body weight made up by the gonad] of urchins in the wild can vary hugely and can be less than 1% or as high as 20%, whilst for cultured sea urchins GI values can be as high as 35%
Edmondson, C.H. (1935). "Autotomy and regeneration of Hawaiian starfishes" (PDF). Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 11 (8): 3–20. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Fisher, W. K. (1 March 1925). "Asexual Reproduction in the Starfish, Sclerasterias" (PDF). Biological Bulletin. 48 (3): 171–175. doi:10.2307/1536659. JSTOR 1536659. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
McGovern, Tamara M. (5 April 2002). "Patterns of sexual and asexual reproduction in the brittle star Ophiactis savignyi in the Florida Keys" (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 230: 119–126. Bibcode:2002MEPS..230..119M. doi:10.3354/meps230119. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Kille, Frank R. (1942). "Regeneration of the Reproductive System Following Binary Fission in the Sea-Cucumber, Holothuria parvula (Selenka)" (PDF). Biological Bulletin. 83 (1): 55–66. doi:10.2307/1538013. JSTOR 1538013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Jaeckle, William B. (1 February 1994). "Multiple Modes of Asexual Reproduction by Tropical and Subtropical Sea Star Larvae: An Unusual Adaptation for Genet Dispersal and Survival" (PDF). Biological Bulletin. 186 (1): 62–71. doi:10.2307/1542036. JSTOR 1542036. PMID 29283296. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
"B-76 Sea-urchins and other echinoderms Capture production by species, fishing areas and countries or areas" (PDF). FAO. pp. 463–465. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2022.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Eaves, Alexandra A.; Palmer, A. Richard (11 September 2003). "Reproduction: Widespread cloning in echinoderm larvae". Nature. 425 (6954): 146. Bibcode:2003Natur.425..146E. doi:10.1038/425146a. hdl:10402/era.17195. PMID 12968170. S2CID 4430104.
Lebrato, Mario; Iglesias-Rodríguez, Debora; Feely, Richard A.; et al. (2010). "Global contribution of echinoderms to the marine carbon cycle: CaCO3 budget and benthic compartments". Ecological Monographs. 80 (3): 441–467. Bibcode:2010EcoM...80..441L. doi:10.1890/09-0553.1. hdl:10261/79231.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Escriva, Hector; Reich, Adrian; Dunn, Casey; Akasaka, Koji; Wessel, Gary (2015). "Phylogenomic Analyses of Echinodermata Support the Sister Groups of Asterozoa and Echinozoa". PLOS ONE. 10 (3): e0119627. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1019627R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119627. PMC 4368666. PMID 25794146.
Uthicke, Sven; Schaffelke, Britta; Byrne, Maria (1 January 2009). "A boom–bust phylum? Ecological and evolutionary consequences of density variations in echinoderms". Ecological Monographs. 79 (1): 3–24. Bibcode:2009EcoM...79....3U. doi:10.1890/07-2136.1.
Yamaguchi, M.; J. S. Lucas (1984). "Natural parthenogenesis, larval and juvenile development, and geographical distribution of the coral reef asteroid Ophidiaster granifer". Marine Biology. 83 (1): 33–42. Bibcode:1984MarBi..83...33Y. doi:10.1007/BF00393083. S2CID 84475593.
McGovern, Tamara M. (5 April 2002). "Patterns of sexual and asexual reproduction in the brittle star Ophiactis savignyi in the Florida Keys" (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 230: 119–126. Bibcode:2002MEPS..230..119M. doi:10.3354/meps230119. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Eaves, Alexandra A.; Palmer, A. Richard (11 September 2003). "Reproduction: Widespread cloning in echinoderm larvae". Nature. 425 (6954): 146. Bibcode:2003Natur.425..146E. doi:10.1038/425146a. hdl:10402/era.17195. PMID 12968170. S2CID 4430104.
Vaughn, Dawn; Richard R. Strathmann (14 March 2008). "Predators induce cloning in echinoderm larvae". Science. 319 (5869): 1503. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1503V. doi:10.1126/science.1151995. JSTOR 40284699. PMID 18339931. S2CID 206509992. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
Vaughn, Dawn (March 2010). "Why run and hide when you can divide? Evidence for larval cloning and reduced larval size as an adaptive inducible defense". Marine Biology. 157 (6): 1301–1312. Bibcode:2010MarBi.157.1301V. doi:10.1007/s00227-010-1410-z. S2CID 84336247.
Xiaofeng, Wang; Hagdorn, Hans; Chuanshang, Wang (September 2006). "Pseudoplanktonic lifestyle of the Triassic crinoid Traumatocrinus from Southwest China". Lethaia. 39 (3): 187–193. Bibcode:2006Letha..39..187X. doi:10.1080/00241160600715321.
Smith, J. E. (1937). "The structure and function of the tube feet in certain echinoderms" (PDF). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 22 (1): 345–357. Bibcode:1937JMBUK..22..345S. doi:10.1017/S0025315400012042. S2CID 55933156. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2013.
Lebrato, Mario; Iglesias-Rodríguez, Debora; Feely, Richard A.; et al. (2010). "Global contribution of echinoderms to the marine carbon cycle: CaCO3 budget and benthic compartments". Ecological Monographs. 80 (3): 441–467. Bibcode:2010EcoM...80..441L. doi:10.1890/09-0553.1. hdl:10261/79231.
Sartori D., Scuderi A.; Sansone G.; Gaion A. (February 2015). "Echinoculture: the rearing of Paracentrotus lividus in a recirculating aquaculture system—experiments of artificial diets for the maintenance of sexual maturation". Aquaculture International. 23 (1): 111–125. Bibcode:2015AqInt..23..111S. doi:10.1007/s10499-014-9802-6. S2CID 18856183.

nrs.harvard.edu

Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Giribet, Gonzalo; Dunn, Casey W.; Hejnol, Andreas; Kristensen, Reinhardt M.; Neves, Ricardo C.; Rouse, Greg W.; Worsaae, Katrine; Sørensen, Martin V. (June 2011). "Higher-level metazoan relationships: recent progress and remaining questions". Organisms, Diversity & Evolution. 11 (2): 151–172. doi:10.1007/s13127-011-0044-4. S2CID 32169826.

int-res.com

McGovern, Tamara M. (5 April 2002). "Patterns of sexual and asexual reproduction in the brittle star Ophiactis savignyi in the Florida Keys" (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 230: 119–126. Bibcode:2002MEPS..230..119M. doi:10.3354/meps230119. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.

inverse.com

New Genetic Study Reveals Sea Stars Are Just A Bunch of Heads Smushed Together

jstor.org

Fisher, W. K. (1 March 1925). "Asexual Reproduction in the Starfish, Sclerasterias" (PDF). Biological Bulletin. 48 (3): 171–175. doi:10.2307/1536659. JSTOR 1536659. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
Dobson, W. E.; S. E. Stancyk; L. A. Clements; R. M. Showman (1 February 1991). "Nutrient Translocation during Early Disc Regeneration in the Brittlestar Microphiopholis gracillima (Stimpson) (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)". Biol Bull. 180 (1): 167–184. doi:10.2307/1542439. JSTOR 1542439. PMID 29303627. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
Mashanov, Vladimir S.; Igor Yu. Dolmatov; Thomas Heinzeller (1 December 2005). "Transdifferentiation in Holothurian Gut Regeneration". The Biological Bulletin. 209 (3): 184–193. doi:10.2307/3593108. JSTOR 3593108. PMID 16382166. S2CID 27847466.
Monks, Sarah P. (1 April 1904). "Variability and Autotomy of Phataria". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 56 (2): 596–600. JSTOR 4063000.
Kille, Frank R. (1942). "Regeneration of the Reproductive System Following Binary Fission in the Sea-Cucumber, Holothuria parvula (Selenka)" (PDF). Biological Bulletin. 83 (1): 55–66. doi:10.2307/1538013. JSTOR 1538013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Jaeckle, William B. (1 February 1994). "Multiple Modes of Asexual Reproduction by Tropical and Subtropical Sea Star Larvae: An Unusual Adaptation for Genet Dispersal and Survival" (PDF). Biological Bulletin. 186 (1): 62–71. doi:10.2307/1542036. JSTOR 1542036. PMID 29283296. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
Vaughn, Dawn; Richard R. Strathmann (14 March 2008). "Predators induce cloning in echinoderm larvae". Science. 319 (5869): 1503. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1503V. doi:10.1126/science.1151995. JSTOR 40284699. PMID 18339931. S2CID 206509992. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
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