Economy of the Netherlands (English Wikipedia)

"Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand". CBS StatLine (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
8,219,380 Randstad
2,620,000 Rotterdam-The Hague Metro
1,160,000 Rotterdam Urban
651,446 Rotterdam Municipality

statline.cbs.nl

"CBS StatLine - Overheid; Overheidssaldo en overheidsschuld". Statline.cbs.nl. Retrieved 4 January 2018.

cia.gov (Global: 89^th place; English: 147^th place)

"The World Factbook". CIA.gov. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 13 May 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.

darwinrecruitment.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

https://www.darwinrecruitment.com/new-dutch-legislation-the-impact-of-freelancers/ ^{[bare URL]}

declassifieduk.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

KENNARD, MATT (18 May 2023). "How the modern corporation was invented in England". Declassified Media Ltd. Retrieved 23 July 2024.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

OECD Labour Force Statistics 2022, OECD, 2020, doi:10.1787/23083387, ISBN 9789264687714
Kenworthy, Lane (1999). "Do Social-Welfare Policies Reduce Poverty? A Cross-National Assessment" (PDF). Social Forces. 77 (3): 1119–1139. doi:10.2307/3005973. JSTOR 3005973. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2013.
Moller, Stephanie; Huber, Evelyne; Stephens, John D.; Bradley, David; Nielsen, François (2003). "Determinants of Relative Poverty in Advanced Capitalist Democracies". American Sociological Review. 68 (1): 22–51. doi:10.2307/3088901. JSTOR 3088901.

ebn.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The hunt for gas and oil reserves that are more difficult to extract". EBN. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015.
Focus on Dutch Oil and Gas 2015 (PDF) (Report). EBN. 2015. p. 10.

eib.org (Global: 7,951^st place; English: 4,722^nd place)

Bank, European Investment (31 January 2024). EIB Investment Survey 2023 - Netherlands overview. European Investment Bank. ISBN 978-92-861-5684-7.
Bank, European Investment (31 January 2024). EIB Investment Survey 2023 - Netherlands overview. European Investment Bank. ISBN 978-92-861-5684-7.
Bank, European Investment (31 January 2024). EIB Investment Survey 2023 - Netherlands overview. European Investment Bank. ISBN 978-92-861-5684-7.
Bank, European Investment (31 January 2024). EIB Investment Survey 2023 - Netherlands overview. European Investment Bank. ISBN 978-92-861-5684-7.
Bank, European Investment (31 January 2024). EIB Investment Survey 2023 - Netherlands overview. European Investment Bank. ISBN 978-92-861-5684-7.
Bank, European Investment (31 January 2024). EIB Investment Survey 2023 - Netherlands overview. European Investment Bank. ISBN 978-92-861-5684-7.
Bank, European Investment (31 January 2024). EIB Investment Survey 2023 - Netherlands overview. European Investment Bank. ISBN 978-92-861-5684-7.
Bank, European Investment (31 January 2024). EIB Investment Survey 2023 - Netherlands overview. European Investment Bank. ISBN 978-92-861-5684-7.
Bank, European Investment (31 January 2024). EIB Investment Survey 2023 - Netherlands overview. European Investment Bank. ISBN 978-92-861-5684-7.
Bank, European Investment (31 January 2024). EIB Investment Survey 2023 - Netherlands overview. European Investment Bank. ISBN 978-92-861-5684-7.
Bank, European Investment (31 January 2024). EIB Investment Survey 2023 - Netherlands overview. European Investment Bank. ISBN 978-92-861-5684-7.

eur.nl (Global: low place; English: 9,966^th place)

Schindler, Dirk (28 January 2022). "Is the Netherlands Still a Tax Haven?". Erasmus University Rotterdam. Retrieved 2 April 2023.

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

ec.europa.eu

"People at risk of poverty or social exclusion". ec.europa.eu/eurostat. Eurostat.
"Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income - EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu/eurostat. Eurostat.
"Employment rate by sex, age group 20-64". ec.europa.eu/eurostat. Eurostat. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
"Euro area and EU27 government deficit both at 0.6% of GDP" (PDF). ec.europa.eu/eurostat. Eurostat. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 December 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 April 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
"Your social security rights in the Netherlands" (PDF). Ec.europa.eu. 2013. Retrieved 4 January 2018.

appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu

"Main national accounts tax aggregates". Eurostat. Retrieved 7 April 2013.

circulareconomy.europa.eu

"A Circular Economy in the Netherlands by 2050" (PDF).

expatica.com (Global: low place; English: 7,588^th place)

"Social security in the Netherlands". Retrieved 27 June 2022.

fao.org (Global: 318^th place; English: 411^th place)

ftd.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

Gassmann, Michael (8 February 2011). "Energiepolitik: Holland plant strahlende Zukunft". Financial Times Deutschland (in German). Archived from the original on 11 February 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2011.

hithorizons.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Industry Breakdown of Companies in Netherlands". HitHorizons.

imaa-institute.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"M&A Statistics by Countries - Institute for Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances (IMAA)". Institute for Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances (IMAA). Retrieved 26 February 2018.

imf.org (Global: 142^nd place; English: 363^rd place)

"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund.
"IMF DataMapper: Netherlands". International Monetary Fund. 2025. Retrieved 31 May 2025.
"World Economic Outlook database: October 2024". imf.org. International Monetary Fund.
"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects".

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Kenworthy, Lane (1999). "Do Social-Welfare Policies Reduce Poverty? A Cross-National Assessment" (PDF). Social Forces. 77 (3): 1119–1139. doi:10.2307/3005973. JSTOR 3005973. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2013.
Moller, Stephanie; Huber, Evelyne; Stephens, John D.; Bradley, David; Nielsen, François (2003). "Determinants of Relative Poverty in Advanced Capitalist Democracies". American Sociological Review. 68 (1): 22–51. doi:10.2307/3088901. JSTOR 3088901.

leideninternationalcentre.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Netherlands is One of the Best Countries for Tech Companies". Visit Leiden. 13 February 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2024.

lisdatacenter.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kenworthy, Lane (1999). "Do Social-Welfare Policies Reduce Poverty? A Cross-National Assessment" (PDF). Social Forces. 77 (3): 1119–1139. doi:10.2307/3005973. JSTOR 3005973. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2013.

msu.edu (Global: 1,844^th place; English: 1,231^st place)

globaledge.msu.edu

"Netherlands: Introduction". globaledge.msu.edu. Retrieved 3 January 2024.

nrc.nl (Global: 1,076^th place; English: 2,548^th place)

vorige.nrc.nl

Banning, Cees (17 June 2009). "The Dutch curse: how billions from natural gas went up in smoke". NRC Handelsblad. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016.

oecd-ilibrary.org (Global: 6,201^st place; English: 5,692^nd place)

OECD Labour Force Statistics 2022, OECD, 2020, doi:10.1787/23083387, ISBN 9789264687714
"Total tax revenue as percent of GDP". OECD. Retrieved 7 April 2013.

oecd.org (Global: 960^th place; English: 854^th place)

"Social Expenditure – Aggregated data". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
"OECD - Social Policy Division - Directorate of Employment, Labour and Social Affairs : Country chapter - Benefits and Wages : The Netherlands" (PDF). Oecd.org. 2002. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
"In It Together Why Less Inequality Benefits All... in the Netherlands" (PDF). Oecd.org. 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2018.

rijksoverheid.nl (Global: 3,357^th place; English: 4,650^th place)

"Gaswinning Groningen stopt per 1 oktober 2023". rijksoverheid.nl (in Dutch). 23 June 2023.

scoperatings.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Scope affirms the Netherlands' credit ratings at AAA with Stable Outlook". Scope Ratings. Retrieved 12 September 2025.

scp.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

digitaal.scp.nl

Marie, Wildeboer Schut, Jean; Stella, Hoff (2 March 2017). "Verwachte armoede in 2015–2017". Armoede in Kaart. 2016 (2016). Retrieved 4 January 2018.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

standardandpoors.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Sovereigns rating list". Standard & Poor's.

svb.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

Verzekeringsbank, Sociale. "SVB home - SVB". Svb.nl. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 5 December 2017.

taxjustice.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

cthi.taxjustice.net

"Corporate Tax Haven Index". Tax Justice Network. 2024. Retrieved 27 January 2025.

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

Rogers, Simon; Sedghi, Ami (15 April 2011). "How Fitch, Moody's and S&P rate each country's credit rating". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
"Gas field earthquakes put Netherlands' biggest firms on extraction notice". TheGuardian.com. 23 January 2018.

theregister.co.uk (Global: 1,216^th place; English: 797^th place)

Orlowski, Andrew (10 February 2011). "Holland slashes carbon targets, shuns wind for nuclear". The Register. Retrieved 21 February 2011.

transparency.org (Global: 3,209^th place; English: 3,170^th place)

"Corruption Perceptions Index". Transparency International. 30 January 2024. Archived from the original on 30 January 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.

undp.org (Global: 369^th place; English: 616^th place)

hdr.undp.org

"Human Development Index (HDI)". hdr.undp.org. HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 17 November 2022.

unwto.org (Global: 7,011^th place; English: low place)

mkt.unwto.org

"UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2013 Edition". United Nations World Tourism Organization. Archived from the original on 9 April 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2013.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"The World Factbook". CIA.gov. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 13 May 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
"Corruption Perceptions Index". Transparency International. 30 January 2024. Archived from the original on 30 January 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 December 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 April 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
"Netherlands Economy: Population, GDP, Inflation, Business, Trade, FDI, Corruption". www.heritage.org. Archived from the original on 15 January 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
"Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand". CBS StatLine (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
8,219,380 Randstad
2,620,000 Rotterdam-The Hague Metro
1,160,000 Rotterdam Urban
651,446 Rotterdam Municipality
Kenworthy, Lane (1999). "Do Social-Welfare Policies Reduce Poverty? A Cross-National Assessment" (PDF). Social Forces. 77 (3): 1119–1139. doi:10.2307/3005973. JSTOR 3005973. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2013.
Banning, Cees (17 June 2009). "The Dutch curse: how billions from natural gas went up in smoke". NRC Handelsblad. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016.
"Unemployment falls below 4 percent". CBS. 19 April 2018. Archived from the original on 13 November 2018. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
"Missing File" (PDF). 1.worldbank.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2012. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
Verzekeringsbank, Sociale. "SVB home - SVB". Svb.nl. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
"Tariefsaanpassing aftrek kosten eigen woning". Belastingdienst. Archived from the original on 31 January 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
"Netherlands Business Overview". Archived from the original on 20 April 2020.
"Global Competitiveness Report 2012–2013". World Economic Forum. 5 September 2012. Archived from the original on 10 December 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
"The hunt for gas and oil reserves that are more difficult to extract". EBN. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015.
"Nuclear Power in the Netherlands". World Nuclear Association (WNA). January 2011. Archived from the original on 27 February 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
Gassmann, Michael (8 February 2011). "Energiepolitik: Holland plant strahlende Zukunft". Financial Times Deutschland (in German). Archived from the original on 11 February 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
"UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2013 Edition". United Nations World Tourism Organization. Archived from the original on 9 April 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2013.

weforum.org (Global: 1,771^st place; English: 1,426^th place)

"Global Competitiveness Report 2012–2013". World Economic Forum. 5 September 2012. Archived from the original on 10 December 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2013.

world-nuclear.org (Global: 3,446^th place; English: 3,746^th place)

"Nuclear Power in the Netherlands". World Nuclear Association (WNA). January 2011. Archived from the original on 27 February 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2011.

worldbank.org (Global: 231^st place; English: 332^nd place)

data.worldbank.org

"Labor force, total - Netherlands". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
"World Bank".
"General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)". World Bank. Retrieved 7 April 2013.

datahelpdesk.worldbank.org

"World Bank Country and Lending Groups". datahelpdesk.worldbank.org. World Bank. Retrieved 29 September 2019.

www1.worldbank.org

"Missing File" (PDF). 1.worldbank.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2012. Retrieved 4 January 2018.

wttc.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Netherlands Economic Impact Report". World Travel & Tourism Council. Retrieved 25 August 2013.

z24.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Begrotingstekort 2011 valt hoger uit". z24. 17 February 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.

Economy of the Netherlands (English Wikipedia)

abnamro.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

at5.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

belastingdienst.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

bizpages.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

bloomberg.com (Global: 99th place; English: 77th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

cbs.nl (Global: 747th place; English: 1,404th place)

cbs.nl

opendata.cbs.nl

statline.cbs.nl

cia.gov (Global: 89th place; English: 147th place)

darwinrecruitment.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

declassifieduk.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

ebn.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

eib.org (Global: 7,951st place; English: 4,722nd place)

eur.nl (Global: low place; English: 9,966th place)

europa.eu (Global: 68th place; English: 117th place)

ec.europa.eu

appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu

circulareconomy.europa.eu

expatica.com (Global: low place; English: 7,588th place)

fao.org (Global: 318th place; English: 411th place)

ftd.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

hithorizons.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

imaa-institute.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

imf.org (Global: 142nd place; English: 363rd place)

jstor.org (Global: 26th place; English: 20th place)

leideninternationalcentre.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

lisdatacenter.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

msu.edu (Global: 1,844th place; English: 1,231st place)

globaledge.msu.edu

nrc.nl (Global: 1,076th place; English: 2,548th place)

vorige.nrc.nl

oecd-ilibrary.org (Global: 6,201st place; English: 5,692nd place)

oecd.org (Global: 960th place; English: 854th place)

rijksoverheid.nl (Global: 3,357th place; English: 4,650th place)

scoperatings.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

scp.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

digitaal.scp.nl

standardandpoors.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

svb.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

taxjustice.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

cthi.taxjustice.net

theguardian.com (Global: 12th place; English: 11th place)

theregister.co.uk (Global: 1,216th place; English: 797th place)

transparency.org (Global: 3,209th place; English: 3,170th place)

undp.org (Global: 369th place; English: 616th place)

hdr.undp.org

unwto.org (Global: 7,011th place; English: low place)

mkt.unwto.org

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

weforum.org (Global: 1,771st place; English: 1,426th place)

world-nuclear.org (Global: 3,446th place; English: 3,746th place)

worldbank.org (Global: 231st place; English: 332nd place)

data.worldbank.org

datahelpdesk.worldbank.org

www1.worldbank.org

wttc.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

z24.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

bloomberg.com (Global: 99^th place; English: 77^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

cbs.nl (Global: 747^th place; English: 1,404^th place)

cia.gov (Global: 89^th place; English: 147^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

eib.org (Global: 7,951^st place; English: 4,722^nd place)

eur.nl (Global: low place; English: 9,966^th place)

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

expatica.com (Global: low place; English: 7,588^th place)

fao.org (Global: 318^th place; English: 411^th place)

imf.org (Global: 142^nd place; English: 363^rd place)

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

msu.edu (Global: 1,844^th place; English: 1,231^st place)

nrc.nl (Global: 1,076^th place; English: 2,548^th place)

oecd-ilibrary.org (Global: 6,201^st place; English: 5,692^nd place)

oecd.org (Global: 960^th place; English: 854^th place)

rijksoverheid.nl (Global: 3,357^th place; English: 4,650^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

theregister.co.uk (Global: 1,216^th place; English: 797^th place)

transparency.org (Global: 3,209^th place; English: 3,170^th place)

undp.org (Global: 369^th place; English: 616^th place)

unwto.org (Global: 7,011^th place; English: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

weforum.org (Global: 1,771^st place; English: 1,426^th place)

world-nuclear.org (Global: 3,446^th place; English: 3,746^th place)

worldbank.org (Global: 231^st place; English: 332^nd place)