Ecosystem (English Wikipedia)

Odum, Eugene P (1971). Fundamentals of Ecology (third ed.). New York: Saunders. ISBN 978-0-534-42066-6.
Schoener, Thomas W. (2009). "Ecological Niche". In Simon A. Levin (ed.). The Princeton Guide to Ecology. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 2–13. ISBN 978-0-691-12839-9.

books.google.com

Tansley, A.G. (1939). The British Islands and Their Vegetation. Cambridge University Press.

claremont.edu

faculty.jsd.claremont.edu

Walter, K. M.; Zimov, S. A.; Chanton, J. P.; Verbyla, D.; Chapin, F. S. (2006). "Methane bubbling from Siberian thaw lakes as a positive feedback to climate warming" (PDF). Nature. 443 (7107): 71–75. Bibcode:2006Natur.443...71W. doi:10.1038/nature05040. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 16957728. S2CID 4415304. Archived from the original (PDF) on Nov 23, 2011. Retrieved 2021-08-16.

creativecommons.org

"46.1A: Ecosystem Dynamics". Biology LibreTexts. 2018-07-17. Archived from the original on 2021-08-02. Retrieved 2021-08-02. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 2017-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.

doi.org

Hatcher, Bruce Gordon (1990). "Coral reef primary productivity. A hierarchy of pattern and process". Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 5 (5): 149–155. doi:10.1016/0169-5347(90)90221-X. PMID 21232343.
Tansley, A. G. (1935). "The Use and Abuse of Vegetational Concepts and Terms" (PDF). Ecology. 16 (3): 284–307. Bibcode:1935Ecol...16..284T. doi:10.2307/1930070. JSTOR 1930070. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-06.
Willis, A.J. (1997). "The Ecosystem: An Evolving Concept Viewed Historically". Functional Ecology. 11 (2): 268–271. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.1997.00081.x.
Simberloff, Daniel; Martin, Jean-Louis; Genovesi, Piero; Maris, Virginie; Wardle, David A.; Aronson, James; Courchamp, Franck; Galil, Bella; García-Berthou, Emili (2013). "Impacts of biological invasions: what's what and the way forward". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 28 (1): 58–66. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2012.07.013. hdl:10261/67376. ISSN 0169-5347. PMID 22889499.
Yvon-Durocher, Gabriel; Caffrey, Jane M.; Cescatti, Alessandro; Dossena, Matteo; Giorgio, Paul del; Gasol, Josep M.; Montoya, José M.; Pumpanen, Jukka; Staehr, Peter A. (2012). "Reconciling the temperature dependence of respiration across timescales and ecosystem types". Nature. 487 (7408): 472–476. Bibcode:2012Natur.487..472Y. doi:10.1038/nature11205. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 22722862. S2CID 4422427.
Lovett, Gary M.; Cole, Jonathan J.; Pace, Michael L. (2006). "Is Net Ecosystem Production Equal to Ecosystem Carbon Accumulation?". Ecosystems. 9 (1): 152–155. Bibcode:2006Ecosy...9..152L. doi:10.1007/s10021-005-0036-3. ISSN 1435-0629. S2CID 5890190.
Briand, F.; Cohen, J.E. (19 January 1984). "Community food webs have scale-invariant structure". Nature. 307 (5948): 264–267. Bibcode:1984Natur.307..264B. doi:10.1038/307264a0. S2CID 4319708.
Ochoa-Hueso, R; Delgado-Baquerizo, M; King, PTA; Benham, M; Arca, V; Power, SA (February 2019). "Ecosystem type and resource quality are more important than global change drivers in regulating early stages of litter decomposition". Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 129: 144–152. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.11.009. hdl:10261/336676. S2CID 92606851.
Walker, Brian; Holling, C. S.; Carpenter, Stephen R.; Kinzig, Ann P. (2004). "Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability in Social-ecological Systems". Ecology and Society. 9 (2): art5. doi:10.5751/ES-00650-090205. hdl:10535/3282. ISSN 1708-3087. Archived from the original on 2019-05-17. Retrieved 2021-07-23.
Walter, K. M.; Zimov, S. A.; Chanton, J. P.; Verbyla, D.; Chapin, F. S. (2006). "Methane bubbling from Siberian thaw lakes as a positive feedback to climate warming" (PDF). Nature. 443 (7107): 71–75. Bibcode:2006Natur.443...71W. doi:10.1038/nature05040. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 16957728. S2CID 4415304. Archived from the original (PDF) on Nov 23, 2011. Retrieved 2021-08-16.
Vitousek, P.; Porder, S. (2010). "Terrestrial phosphorus limitation: mechanisms, implications, and nitrogen–phosphorus interactions". Ecological Applications. 20 (1): 5–15. Bibcode:2010EcoAp..20....5V. doi:10.1890/08-0127.1. PMID 20349827.
Bolan, N.S. (1991). "A critical review on the role of mycorrhizal fungi in the uptake of phosphorus by plants". Plant and Soil. 134 (2): 189–207. Bibcode:1991PlSoi.134..189B. doi:10.1007/BF00012037. S2CID 44215263.
Hestrin, R.; Hammer, E.C.; Mueller, C.W. (2019). "Synergies between mycorrhizal fungi and soil microbial communities increase plant nitrogen acquisition". Commun Biol. 2: 233. doi:10.1038/s42003-019-0481-8. PMC 6588552. PMID 31263777.
Adams, C.E. (1994). "The fish community of Loch Lomond, Scotland: its history and rapidly changing status". Hydrobiologia. 290 (1–3): 91–102. doi:10.1007/BF00008956. S2CID 6894397.
Jones, Clive G.; Lawton, John H.; Shachak, Moshe (1994). "Organisms as Ecosystem Engineers". Oikos. 69 (3): 373–386. Bibcode:1994Oikos..69..373J. doi:10.2307/3545850. ISSN 0030-1299. JSTOR 3545850.
Likens, Gene E. (2004). "Some perspectives on long-term biogeochemical research from the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study" (PDF). Ecology. 85 (9): 2355–2362. Bibcode:2004Ecol...85.2355L. doi:10.1890/03-0243. JSTOR 3450233. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-01.
Carpenter, Stephen R.; Jonathan J. Cole; Timothy E. Essington; James R. Hodgson; Jeffrey N. Houser; James F. Kitchell; Michael L. Pace (1998). "Evaluating Alternative Explanations in Ecosystem Experiments". Ecosystems. 1 (4): 335–344. Bibcode:1998Ecosy...1..335C. doi:10.1007/s100219900025. S2CID 33559404.
Schindler, David W. (1998). "Replication versus Realism: The Need for Ecosystem-Scale Experiments". Ecosystems. 1 (4): 323–334. doi:10.1007/s100219900026. JSTOR 3658915. S2CID 45418039.
Carpenter, Stephen R. (1996). "Microcosm Experiments have Limited Relevance for Community and Ecosystem Ecology". Ecology. 77 (3): 677–680. Bibcode:1996Ecol...77..677C. doi:10.2307/2265490. JSTOR 2265490.
Keith, D.A.; Ferrer-Paris, J.R.; Nicholson, E.; Kingsford, R.T., eds. (2020). The IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology 2.0: Descriptive profiles for biomes and ecosystem functional groups. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. doi:10.2305/IUCN.CH.2020.13.en. ISBN 978-2-8317-2077-7. S2CID 241360441.
Keith, David A.; Ferrer-Paris, José R.; Nicholson, Emily; Bishop, Melanie J.; Polidoro, Beth A.; Ramirez-Llodra, Eva; Tozer, Mark G.; Nel, Jeanne L.; Mac Nally, Ralph; Gregr, Edward J.; Watermeyer, Kate E.; Essl, Franz; Faber-Langendoen, Don; Franklin, Janet; Lehmann, Caroline E. R.; Etter, Andrés; Roux, Dirk J.; Stark, Jonathan S.; Rowland, Jessica A.; Brummitt, Neil A.; Fernandez-Arcaya, Ulla C.; Suthers, Iain M.; Wiser, Susan K.; Donohue, Ian; Jackson, Leland J.; Pennington, R. Toby; Iliffe, Thomas M.; Gerovasileiou, Vasilis; Giller, Paul; Robson, Belinda J.; Pettorelli, Nathalie; Andrade, Angela; Lindgaard, Arild; Tahvanainen, Teemu; Terauds, Aleks; Chadwick, Michael A.; Murray, Nicholas J.; Moat, Justin; Pliscoff, Patricio; Zager, Irene; Kingsford, Richard T. (12 October 2022). "A function-based typology for Earth's ecosystems". Nature. 610 (7932): 513–518. Bibcode:2022Natur.610..513K. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05318-4. PMC 9581774. PMID 36224387.
Christensen, Norman L.; Bartuska, Ann M.; Brown, James H.; Carpenter, Stephen; D'Antonio, Carla; Francis, Robert; Franklin, Jerry F.; MacMahon, James A.; Noss, Reed F.; Parsons, David J.; Peterson, Charles H.; Turner, Monica G.; Woodmansee, Robert G. (1996). "The Report of the Ecological Society of America Committee on the Scientific Basis for Ecosystem Management". Ecological Applications. 6 (3): 665–691. Bibcode:1996EcoAp...6..665C. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.404.4909. doi:10.2307/2269460. JSTOR 2269460. S2CID 53461068.
Díaz, Sandra; Demissew, Sebsebe; Carabias, Julia; Joly, Carlos; Lonsdale, Mark; Ash, Neville; Larigauderie, Anne; Adhikari, Jay Ram; Arico, Salvatore; Báldi, András; Bartuska, Ann (2015). "The IPBES Conceptual Framework — connecting nature and people". Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 14: 1–16. Bibcode:2015COES...14....1D. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2014.11.002. hdl:11336/56765. S2CID 14000233.
Ceccato, Pietro; Fernandes, Katia; Ruiz, Daniel; Allis, Erica (17 June 2014). "Climate and environmental monitoring for decision making". Earth Perspectives. 1 (1): 16. Bibcode:2014EarP....1...16C. doi:10.1186/2194-6434-1-16. S2CID 46200068.
Keith, DA; Rodríguez, J.P.; Rodríguez-Clark, K.M.; Aapala, K.; Alonso, A.; Asmussen, M.; Bachman, S.; Bassett, A.; Barrow, E.G.; Benson, J.S.; Bishop, M.J.; Bonifacio, R.; Brooks, T.M.; Burgman, M.A.; Comer, P.; Comín, F.A.; Essl, F.; Faber-Langendoen, D.; Fairweather, P.G.; Holdaway, R.J.; Jennings, M.; Kingsford, R.T.; Lester, R.E.; Mac Nally, R.; McCarthy, M.A.; Moat, J.; Nicholson, E.; Oliveira-Miranda, M.A.; Pisanu, P.; Poulin, B.; Riecken, U.; Spalding, M.D.; Zambrano-Martínez, S. (2013). "Scientific Foundations for an IUCN Red List of Ecosystems". PLOS ONE. 8 (5): e62111. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...862111K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062111. PMC 3648534. PMID 23667454.
Boitani, Luigi; Mace, Georgina M.; Rondinini, Carlo (2014). "Challenging the Scientific Foundations for an IUCN Red List of Ecosystems" (PDF). Conservation Letters. 8 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1111/conl.12111. hdl:11573/624610. S2CID 62790495. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-07-22. Retrieved 2021-01-06.
Grumbine, R. Edward (1994). "What is ecosystem management?" (PDF). Conservation Biology. 8 (1): 27–38. Bibcode:1994ConBi...8...27G. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08010027.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-02.

ecology150anniversary.net

Tansley, A. G. (1935). "The Use and Abuse of Vegetational Concepts and Terms" (PDF). Ecology. 16 (3): 284–307. Bibcode:1935Ecol...16..284T. doi:10.2307/1930070. JSTOR 1930070. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-06.

ecologyandsociety.org

Walker, Brian; Holling, C. S.; Carpenter, Stephen R.; Kinzig, Ann P. (2004). "Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability in Social-ecological Systems". Ecology and Society. 9 (2): art5. doi:10.5751/ES-00650-090205. hdl:10535/3282. ISSN 1708-3087. Archived from the original on 2019-05-17. Retrieved 2021-07-23.

europa.eu

ec.europa.eu

"Ecosystem Goods and Services" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2009-11-10.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Simberloff, Daniel; Martin, Jean-Louis; Genovesi, Piero; Maris, Virginie; Wardle, David A.; Aronson, James; Courchamp, Franck; Galil, Bella; García-Berthou, Emili (2013). "Impacts of biological invasions: what's what and the way forward". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 28 (1): 58–66. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2012.07.013. hdl:10261/67376. ISSN 0169-5347. PMID 22889499.
Ochoa-Hueso, R; Delgado-Baquerizo, M; King, PTA; Benham, M; Arca, V; Power, SA (February 2019). "Ecosystem type and resource quality are more important than global change drivers in regulating early stages of litter decomposition". Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 129: 144–152. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.11.009. hdl:10261/336676. S2CID 92606851.
Walker, Brian; Holling, C. S.; Carpenter, Stephen R.; Kinzig, Ann P. (2004). "Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability in Social-ecological Systems". Ecology and Society. 9 (2): art5. doi:10.5751/ES-00650-090205. hdl:10535/3282. ISSN 1708-3087. Archived from the original on 2019-05-17. Retrieved 2021-07-23.
Díaz, Sandra; Demissew, Sebsebe; Carabias, Julia; Joly, Carlos; Lonsdale, Mark; Ash, Neville; Larigauderie, Anne; Adhikari, Jay Ram; Arico, Salvatore; Báldi, András; Bartuska, Ann (2015). "The IPBES Conceptual Framework — connecting nature and people". Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 14: 1–16. Bibcode:2015COES...14....1D. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2014.11.002. hdl:11336/56765. S2CID 14000233.
Boitani, Luigi; Mace, Georgina M.; Rondinini, Carlo (2014). "Challenging the Scientific Foundations for an IUCN Red List of Ecosystems" (PDF). Conservation Letters. 8 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1111/conl.12111. hdl:11573/624610. S2CID 62790495. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-07-22. Retrieved 2021-01-06.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Tansley, A. G. (1935). "The Use and Abuse of Vegetational Concepts and Terms" (PDF). Ecology. 16 (3): 284–307. Bibcode:1935Ecol...16..284T. doi:10.2307/1930070. JSTOR 1930070. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-06.
Yvon-Durocher, Gabriel; Caffrey, Jane M.; Cescatti, Alessandro; Dossena, Matteo; Giorgio, Paul del; Gasol, Josep M.; Montoya, José M.; Pumpanen, Jukka; Staehr, Peter A. (2012). "Reconciling the temperature dependence of respiration across timescales and ecosystem types". Nature. 487 (7408): 472–476. Bibcode:2012Natur.487..472Y. doi:10.1038/nature11205. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 22722862. S2CID 4422427.
Lovett, Gary M.; Cole, Jonathan J.; Pace, Michael L. (2006). "Is Net Ecosystem Production Equal to Ecosystem Carbon Accumulation?". Ecosystems. 9 (1): 152–155. Bibcode:2006Ecosy...9..152L. doi:10.1007/s10021-005-0036-3. ISSN 1435-0629. S2CID 5890190.
Briand, F.; Cohen, J.E. (19 January 1984). "Community food webs have scale-invariant structure". Nature. 307 (5948): 264–267. Bibcode:1984Natur.307..264B. doi:10.1038/307264a0. S2CID 4319708.
Walter, K. M.; Zimov, S. A.; Chanton, J. P.; Verbyla, D.; Chapin, F. S. (2006). "Methane bubbling from Siberian thaw lakes as a positive feedback to climate warming" (PDF). Nature. 443 (7107): 71–75. Bibcode:2006Natur.443...71W. doi:10.1038/nature05040. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 16957728. S2CID 4415304. Archived from the original (PDF) on Nov 23, 2011. Retrieved 2021-08-16.
Vitousek, P.; Porder, S. (2010). "Terrestrial phosphorus limitation: mechanisms, implications, and nitrogen–phosphorus interactions". Ecological Applications. 20 (1): 5–15. Bibcode:2010EcoAp..20....5V. doi:10.1890/08-0127.1. PMID 20349827.
Bolan, N.S. (1991). "A critical review on the role of mycorrhizal fungi in the uptake of phosphorus by plants". Plant and Soil. 134 (2): 189–207. Bibcode:1991PlSoi.134..189B. doi:10.1007/BF00012037. S2CID 44215263.
Jones, Clive G.; Lawton, John H.; Shachak, Moshe (1994). "Organisms as Ecosystem Engineers". Oikos. 69 (3): 373–386. Bibcode:1994Oikos..69..373J. doi:10.2307/3545850. ISSN 0030-1299. JSTOR 3545850.
Likens, Gene E. (2004). "Some perspectives on long-term biogeochemical research from the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study" (PDF). Ecology. 85 (9): 2355–2362. Bibcode:2004Ecol...85.2355L. doi:10.1890/03-0243. JSTOR 3450233. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-01.
Carpenter, Stephen R.; Jonathan J. Cole; Timothy E. Essington; James R. Hodgson; Jeffrey N. Houser; James F. Kitchell; Michael L. Pace (1998). "Evaluating Alternative Explanations in Ecosystem Experiments". Ecosystems. 1 (4): 335–344. Bibcode:1998Ecosy...1..335C. doi:10.1007/s100219900025. S2CID 33559404.
Carpenter, Stephen R. (1996). "Microcosm Experiments have Limited Relevance for Community and Ecosystem Ecology". Ecology. 77 (3): 677–680. Bibcode:1996Ecol...77..677C. doi:10.2307/2265490. JSTOR 2265490.
Keith, David A.; Ferrer-Paris, José R.; Nicholson, Emily; Bishop, Melanie J.; Polidoro, Beth A.; Ramirez-Llodra, Eva; Tozer, Mark G.; Nel, Jeanne L.; Mac Nally, Ralph; Gregr, Edward J.; Watermeyer, Kate E.; Essl, Franz; Faber-Langendoen, Don; Franklin, Janet; Lehmann, Caroline E. R.; Etter, Andrés; Roux, Dirk J.; Stark, Jonathan S.; Rowland, Jessica A.; Brummitt, Neil A.; Fernandez-Arcaya, Ulla C.; Suthers, Iain M.; Wiser, Susan K.; Donohue, Ian; Jackson, Leland J.; Pennington, R. Toby; Iliffe, Thomas M.; Gerovasileiou, Vasilis; Giller, Paul; Robson, Belinda J.; Pettorelli, Nathalie; Andrade, Angela; Lindgaard, Arild; Tahvanainen, Teemu; Terauds, Aleks; Chadwick, Michael A.; Murray, Nicholas J.; Moat, Justin; Pliscoff, Patricio; Zager, Irene; Kingsford, Richard T. (12 October 2022). "A function-based typology for Earth's ecosystems". Nature. 610 (7932): 513–518. Bibcode:2022Natur.610..513K. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05318-4. PMC 9581774. PMID 36224387.
Christensen, Norman L.; Bartuska, Ann M.; Brown, James H.; Carpenter, Stephen; D'Antonio, Carla; Francis, Robert; Franklin, Jerry F.; MacMahon, James A.; Noss, Reed F.; Parsons, David J.; Peterson, Charles H.; Turner, Monica G.; Woodmansee, Robert G. (1996). "The Report of the Ecological Society of America Committee on the Scientific Basis for Ecosystem Management". Ecological Applications. 6 (3): 665–691. Bibcode:1996EcoAp...6..665C. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.404.4909. doi:10.2307/2269460. JSTOR 2269460. S2CID 53461068.
Díaz, Sandra; Demissew, Sebsebe; Carabias, Julia; Joly, Carlos; Lonsdale, Mark; Ash, Neville; Larigauderie, Anne; Adhikari, Jay Ram; Arico, Salvatore; Báldi, András; Bartuska, Ann (2015). "The IPBES Conceptual Framework — connecting nature and people". Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 14: 1–16. Bibcode:2015COES...14....1D. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2014.11.002. hdl:11336/56765. S2CID 14000233.
Ceccato, Pietro; Fernandes, Katia; Ruiz, Daniel; Allis, Erica (17 June 2014). "Climate and environmental monitoring for decision making". Earth Perspectives. 1 (1): 16. Bibcode:2014EarP....1...16C. doi:10.1186/2194-6434-1-16. S2CID 46200068.
Keith, DA; Rodríguez, J.P.; Rodríguez-Clark, K.M.; Aapala, K.; Alonso, A.; Asmussen, M.; Bachman, S.; Bassett, A.; Barrow, E.G.; Benson, J.S.; Bishop, M.J.; Bonifacio, R.; Brooks, T.M.; Burgman, M.A.; Comer, P.; Comín, F.A.; Essl, F.; Faber-Langendoen, D.; Fairweather, P.G.; Holdaway, R.J.; Jennings, M.; Kingsford, R.T.; Lester, R.E.; Mac Nally, R.; McCarthy, M.A.; Moat, J.; Nicholson, E.; Oliveira-Miranda, M.A.; Pisanu, P.; Poulin, B.; Riecken, U.; Spalding, M.D.; Zambrano-Martínez, S. (2013). "Scientific Foundations for an IUCN Red List of Ecosystems". PLOS ONE. 8 (5): e62111. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...862111K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062111. PMC 3648534. PMID 23667454.
Grumbine, R. Edward (1994). "What is ecosystem management?" (PDF). Conservation Biology. 8 (1): 27–38. Bibcode:1994ConBi...8...27G. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08010027.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-02.

ipbes.net

"IPBES". Archived from the original on 27 June 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2019.

jstor.org

Tansley, A. G. (1935). "The Use and Abuse of Vegetational Concepts and Terms" (PDF). Ecology. 16 (3): 284–307. Bibcode:1935Ecol...16..284T. doi:10.2307/1930070. JSTOR 1930070. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-06.
Jones, Clive G.; Lawton, John H.; Shachak, Moshe (1994). "Organisms as Ecosystem Engineers". Oikos. 69 (3): 373–386. Bibcode:1994Oikos..69..373J. doi:10.2307/3545850. ISSN 0030-1299. JSTOR 3545850.
Likens, Gene E. (2004). "Some perspectives on long-term biogeochemical research from the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study" (PDF). Ecology. 85 (9): 2355–2362. Bibcode:2004Ecol...85.2355L. doi:10.1890/03-0243. JSTOR 3450233. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-01.
Schindler, David W. (1998). "Replication versus Realism: The Need for Ecosystem-Scale Experiments". Ecosystems. 1 (4): 323–334. doi:10.1007/s100219900026. JSTOR 3658915. S2CID 45418039.
Carpenter, Stephen R. (1996). "Microcosm Experiments have Limited Relevance for Community and Ecosystem Ecology". Ecology. 77 (3): 677–680. Bibcode:1996Ecol...77..677C. doi:10.2307/2265490. JSTOR 2265490.
Christensen, Norman L.; Bartuska, Ann M.; Brown, James H.; Carpenter, Stephen; D'Antonio, Carla; Francis, Robert; Franklin, Jerry F.; MacMahon, James A.; Noss, Reed F.; Parsons, David J.; Peterson, Charles H.; Turner, Monica G.; Woodmansee, Robert G. (1996). "The Report of the Ecological Society of America Committee on the Scientific Basis for Ecosystem Management". Ecological Applications. 6 (3): 665–691. Bibcode:1996EcoAp...6..665C. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.404.4909. doi:10.2307/2269460. JSTOR 2269460. S2CID 53461068.

libretexts.org

bio.libretexts.org

"46.1A: Ecosystem Dynamics". Biology LibreTexts. 2018-07-17. Archived from the original on 2021-08-02. Retrieved 2021-08-02. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 2017-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.

millenniumassessment.org

"Millennium Ecosystem Assessment". 2005. Archived from the original on 2011-05-24. Retrieved 10 November 2021.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hatcher, Bruce Gordon (1990). "Coral reef primary productivity. A hierarchy of pattern and process". Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 5 (5): 149–155. doi:10.1016/0169-5347(90)90221-X. PMID 21232343.
Simberloff, Daniel; Martin, Jean-Louis; Genovesi, Piero; Maris, Virginie; Wardle, David A.; Aronson, James; Courchamp, Franck; Galil, Bella; García-Berthou, Emili (2013). "Impacts of biological invasions: what's what and the way forward". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 28 (1): 58–66. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2012.07.013. hdl:10261/67376. ISSN 0169-5347. PMID 22889499.
Yvon-Durocher, Gabriel; Caffrey, Jane M.; Cescatti, Alessandro; Dossena, Matteo; Giorgio, Paul del; Gasol, Josep M.; Montoya, José M.; Pumpanen, Jukka; Staehr, Peter A. (2012). "Reconciling the temperature dependence of respiration across timescales and ecosystem types". Nature. 487 (7408): 472–476. Bibcode:2012Natur.487..472Y. doi:10.1038/nature11205. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 22722862. S2CID 4422427.
Walter, K. M.; Zimov, S. A.; Chanton, J. P.; Verbyla, D.; Chapin, F. S. (2006). "Methane bubbling from Siberian thaw lakes as a positive feedback to climate warming" (PDF). Nature. 443 (7107): 71–75. Bibcode:2006Natur.443...71W. doi:10.1038/nature05040. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 16957728. S2CID 4415304. Archived from the original (PDF) on Nov 23, 2011. Retrieved 2021-08-16.
Vitousek, P.; Porder, S. (2010). "Terrestrial phosphorus limitation: mechanisms, implications, and nitrogen–phosphorus interactions". Ecological Applications. 20 (1): 5–15. Bibcode:2010EcoAp..20....5V. doi:10.1890/08-0127.1. PMID 20349827.
Hestrin, R.; Hammer, E.C.; Mueller, C.W. (2019). "Synergies between mycorrhizal fungi and soil microbial communities increase plant nitrogen acquisition". Commun Biol. 2: 233. doi:10.1038/s42003-019-0481-8. PMC 6588552. PMID 31263777.
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Chapin, F. Stuart III (2011). "Glossary". Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology. P. A. Matson, Peter Morrison Vitousek, Melissa C. Chapin (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-9504-9. OCLC 755081405.
Chapin, F. Stuart III (2011). "Chapter 1: The Ecosystem Concept". Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology. P. A. Matson, Peter Morrison Vitousek, Melissa C. Chapin (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-9504-9. OCLC 755081405.
Chapin, F. Stuart III (2011). "Chapter 5: Carbon Inputs to Ecosystems". Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology. P. A. Matson, Peter Morrison Vitousek, Melissa C. Chapin (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-9504-9. OCLC 755081405.
Chapin, F. Stuart III (2011). "Chapter 2: Earth's Climate System". Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology. P. A. Matson, Peter Morrison Vitousek, Melissa C. Chapin (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-9504-9. OCLC 755081405.
Chapin, F. Stuart III (2011). "Chapter 3: Geology, Soils, and Sediments". Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology. P. A. Matson, Peter Morrison Vitousek, Melissa C. Chapin (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-9504-9. OCLC 755081405.
Chapin, F. Stuart III (2011). "Chapter 11: Species Effects on Ecosystem Processes". Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology. P. A. Matson, Peter Morrison Vitousek, Melissa C. Chapin (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-9504-9. OCLC 755081405.
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Chapin, F. Stuart III (2011). "Chapter 6: Plant Carbon Budgets". Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology. P. A. Matson, Peter Morrison Vitousek, Melissa C. Chapin (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-9504-9. OCLC 755081405.
Chapin, F. Stuart III (2011). "Chapter 10: Trophic Dynamics". Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology. P. A. Matson, Peter Morrison Vitousek, Melissa C. Chapin (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-9504-9. OCLC 755081405.
Yvon-Durocher, Gabriel; Caffrey, Jane M.; Cescatti, Alessandro; Dossena, Matteo; Giorgio, Paul del; Gasol, Josep M.; Montoya, José M.; Pumpanen, Jukka; Staehr, Peter A. (2012). "Reconciling the temperature dependence of respiration across timescales and ecosystem types". Nature. 487 (7408): 472–476. Bibcode:2012Natur.487..472Y. doi:10.1038/nature11205. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 22722862. S2CID 4422427.
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Chapin, F. Stuart III (2011). "Chapter 7: Decomposition and Ecosystem Carbon Budgets". Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology. P. A. Matson, Peter Morrison Vitousek, Melissa C. Chapin (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-9504-9. OCLC 755081405.
Chapin, F. Stuart III (2011). "Chapter 9: Nutrient cycling". Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology. P. A. Matson, Peter Morrison Vitousek, Melissa C. Chapin (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-9504-9. OCLC 755081405.
Chapin, F. Stuart III (2011). "Chapter 12: Temporal Dynamics". Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology. P. A. Matson, Peter Morrison Vitousek, Melissa C. Chapin (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-9504-9. OCLC 755081405.
Chapin, F. Stuart III; Kofinas, Gary P.; Folke, Carl; Chapin, Melissa C., eds. (2009). Principles of ecosystem stewardship: resilience-based natural resource management in a changing world (1st ed.). New York: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-73033-2. OCLC 432702920.
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