Ezzell, Timothy P. (March 1, 2018). "Edward Ward Carmack". Tennessee Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on November 9, 2019. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
Ezzell, Timothy P. (March 1, 2018). "Edward Ward Carmack". Tennessee Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on November 9, 2019. Retrieved November 9, 2019.