Edwin Hubble (English Wikipedia)

Hubble, Edwin (December 1926). "Extragalactic nebulae". Astrophysical Journal. 64 (64): 321–369. Bibcode:1926ApJ....64..321H. doi:10.1086/143018.
Udalski, A.; Soszynski, I.; Szymanski, M.; Kubiak, M.; Pietrzynski, G.; Wozniak, P.; Zebrun, K. (1999). "The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Cepheids in the Magellanic Clouds. IV. Catalog of Cepheids from the Large Magellanic Cloud". Acta Astronomica. 49: 223–317. arXiv:astro-ph/9908317. Bibcode:1999AcA....49..223U.
Soszynski, I.; Poleski, R.; Udalski, A.; Szymanski, M. K.; Kubiak, M.; Pietrzynski, G.; Wyrzykowski, L.; Szewczyk, O.; Ulaczyk, K. (2008). "The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. The OGLE-III Catalog of Variable Stars. I. Classical Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud". Acta Astronomica. 58: 163. arXiv:0808.2210. Bibcode:2008AcA....58..163S.
Leavitt, Henrietta S. (1908). "1777 variables in the Magellanic Clouds". Annals of Harvard College Observatory. 60: 87. Bibcode:1907AnHar..60...87L.
Freedman, Wendy L.; Madore, Barry F.; Gibson, Brad K.; Ferrarese, Laura; Kelson, Daniel D.; Sakai, Shoko; Mould, Jeremy R.; Kennicutt, Jr., Robert C.; Ford, Holland C.; Graham, John A.; Huchra, John P.; Hughes, Shaun M. G.; Illingworth, Garth D.; Macri, Lucas M.; Stetson, Peter B. (2001). "Final Results from the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project to Measure the Hubble Constant". The Astrophysical Journal. 553 (1): 47–72. arXiv:astro-ph/0012376. Bibcode:2001ApJ...553...47F. doi:10.1086/320638. S2CID 119097691.
Freedman, Wendy L.; Madore, Barry F. (2010). "The Hubble Constant". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 48: 673–710. arXiv:1004.1856. Bibcode:2010ARA&A..48..673F. doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101829. S2CID 119263173.
Hubble, Edwin (1929). "A relation between distance and radial velocity among extra-galactic nebulae". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 15 (3): 168–173. Bibcode:1929PNAS...15..168H. doi:10.1073/pnas.15.3.168. PMC 522427. PMID 16577160.
Segal, I. E. (December 1993). "Geometric derivation of the chronometric redshift". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 90 (23): 11114–11116. Bibcode:1993PNAS...9011114S. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.23.11114. PMC 47932. PMID 11607440.
Hubble, E. P. (1929). "A spiral nebula as a stellar system, Messier 31". The Astrophysical Journal. 69: 103. Bibcode:1929ApJ....69..103H. doi:10.1086/143167.
Kirshner, Robert P. (January 6, 2004). "Hubble's diagram and cosmic expansion". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (1): 8–13. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101....8K. doi:10.1073/pnas.2536799100. PMC 314128. PMID 14695886.
Riess, Adam G.; Casertano, Stefano; Yuan, Wenlong; Macri, Lucas; Bucciarelli, Beatrice; Lattanzi, Mario G.; MacKenty, John W.; Bowers, J. Bradley; Zheng, WeiKang; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Huang, Caroline; Anderson, Richard I. (2018). "Milky Way Cepheid Standards for Measuring Cosmic Distances and Application to Gaia DR2: Implications for the Hubble Constant". The Astrophysical Journal. 861 (2): 126. arXiv:1804.10655. Bibcode:2018ApJ...861..126R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aac82e. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 55643027.
Planck Collaboration; Aghanim, N.; Akrami, Y.; Ashdown, M.; Aumont, J.; Baccigalupi, C.; Ballardini, M.; Banday, A. J.; Barreiro, R. B.; Bartolo, N.; Basak, S.; Battye, R.; Benabed, K.; Bernard, J. -P.; Bersanelli, M.; Bielewicz, P.; Bock, J. J.; Bond, J. R.; Borrill, J.; Bouchet, F. R.; Boulanger, F.; Bucher, M.; Burigana, C.; Butler, R. C.; Calabrese, E.; Cardoso, J. -F.; Carron, J.; Challinor, A.; Chiang, H. C.; et al. (2020). "Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 641: A6. arXiv:1807.06209. Bibcode:2020A&A...641A...6P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833910. S2CID 119335614. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
Scolnic, Dan; Macri, Lucas M.; Yuan, Wenlong; Casertano, Stefano; Riess, Adam G. (March 18, 2019). "Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheid Standards Provide a 1% Foundation for the Determination of the Hubble Constant and Stronger Evidence for Physics Beyond LambdaCDM". The Astrophysical Journal. 876 (1): 85. arXiv:1903.07603. Bibcode:2019ApJ...876...85R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab1422. S2CID 85528549.
Bergh, Sidney van den (June 6, 2011). "The Curious Case of Lemaitre's Equation No. 24". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 105 (4): 151. arXiv:1106.1195. Bibcode:2011JRASC.105..151V.
Georges, Lemaître (1927). "Un Univers homogène de masse constante et de rayon croissant rendant compte de la vitesse radiale des nébuleuses extra-galactiques". Annales de la Société Scientifique de Bruxelles. 47 (A47): 49–59. Bibcode:1927ASSB...47...49L.

amphilsoc.org (Global: 2,969^th place; English: 1,914^th place)

search.amphilsoc.org

"APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved July 19, 2023.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Hubble, Edwin Powell (1920). Photographic investigations of faint nebulae. Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press. Retrieved September 15, 2016 – via Internet Archive.
Bezzi, Tom (2000). Hubble Time. iUniverse. p. 93. ISBN 9780595142477. John terribly depressed, and asked Edwin about his belief. Edwin said, "The whole thing is so much bigger than I am, and I can't understand it, so I just trust myself to it, and forget about it." It was not his nature to speculate. Theories, in his opinion, were an appropriate cocktail conversation. He was essentially an observer, and as he said in The Realm of the Nebulae: "Not until the empirical resources are exhausted, need we pass on to the dreamy realms of speculation." Edwin never exhausted those empirical resources. "I am an observer, not a theoretical man," he attested, and a lightly spoken word in a lecture or in a letter showed that observation was his choice.
Kupperberg, Paul (2005). Hubble and the Big Bang. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 45–6. ISBN 9781404203075. World of Physics Hubble.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Udalski, A.; Soszynski, I.; Szymanski, M.; Kubiak, M.; Pietrzynski, G.; Wozniak, P.; Zebrun, K. (1999). "The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Cepheids in the Magellanic Clouds. IV. Catalog of Cepheids from the Large Magellanic Cloud". Acta Astronomica. 49: 223–317. arXiv:astro-ph/9908317. Bibcode:1999AcA....49..223U.
Soszynski, I.; Poleski, R.; Udalski, A.; Szymanski, M. K.; Kubiak, M.; Pietrzynski, G.; Wyrzykowski, L.; Szewczyk, O.; Ulaczyk, K. (2008). "The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. The OGLE-III Catalog of Variable Stars. I. Classical Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud". Acta Astronomica. 58: 163. arXiv:0808.2210. Bibcode:2008AcA....58..163S.
Freedman, Wendy L.; Madore, Barry F.; Gibson, Brad K.; Ferrarese, Laura; Kelson, Daniel D.; Sakai, Shoko; Mould, Jeremy R.; Kennicutt, Jr., Robert C.; Ford, Holland C.; Graham, John A.; Huchra, John P.; Hughes, Shaun M. G.; Illingworth, Garth D.; Macri, Lucas M.; Stetson, Peter B. (2001). "Final Results from the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project to Measure the Hubble Constant". The Astrophysical Journal. 553 (1): 47–72. arXiv:astro-ph/0012376. Bibcode:2001ApJ...553...47F. doi:10.1086/320638. S2CID 119097691.
Freedman, Wendy L.; Madore, Barry F. (2010). "The Hubble Constant". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 48: 673–710. arXiv:1004.1856. Bibcode:2010ARA&A..48..673F. doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101829. S2CID 119263173.
Riess, Adam G.; Casertano, Stefano; Yuan, Wenlong; Macri, Lucas; Bucciarelli, Beatrice; Lattanzi, Mario G.; MacKenty, John W.; Bowers, J. Bradley; Zheng, WeiKang; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Huang, Caroline; Anderson, Richard I. (2018). "Milky Way Cepheid Standards for Measuring Cosmic Distances and Application to Gaia DR2: Implications for the Hubble Constant". The Astrophysical Journal. 861 (2): 126. arXiv:1804.10655. Bibcode:2018ApJ...861..126R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aac82e. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 55643027.
Planck Collaboration; Aghanim, N.; Akrami, Y.; Ashdown, M.; Aumont, J.; Baccigalupi, C.; Ballardini, M.; Banday, A. J.; Barreiro, R. B.; Bartolo, N.; Basak, S.; Battye, R.; Benabed, K.; Bernard, J. -P.; Bersanelli, M.; Bielewicz, P.; Bock, J. J.; Bond, J. R.; Borrill, J.; Bouchet, F. R.; Boulanger, F.; Bucher, M.; Burigana, C.; Butler, R. C.; Calabrese, E.; Cardoso, J. -F.; Carron, J.; Challinor, A.; Chiang, H. C.; et al. (2020). "Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 641: A6. arXiv:1807.06209. Bibcode:2020A&A...641A...6P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833910. S2CID 119335614. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
Scolnic, Dan; Macri, Lucas M.; Yuan, Wenlong; Casertano, Stefano; Riess, Adam G. (March 18, 2019). "Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheid Standards Provide a 1% Foundation for the Determination of the Hubble Constant and Stronger Evidence for Physics Beyond LambdaCDM". The Astrophysical Journal. 876 (1): 85. arXiv:1903.07603. Bibcode:2019ApJ...876...85R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab1422. S2CID 85528549.
Bergh, Sidney van den (June 6, 2011). "The Curious Case of Lemaitre's Equation No. 24". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 105 (4): 151. arXiv:1106.1195. Bibcode:2011JRASC.105..151V.
Tsumura, Kohji (May 29, 2017). "Verification of the anecdote about Edwin Hubble and the Nobel Prize". arXiv:1705.10125 [physics.hist-ph].

astrosociety.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Past Recipients of the Catherine Wolfe Bruce Gold Medal". Astronomical Society of the Pacific. Archived from the original on September 4, 2017. Retrieved November 21, 2017.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Christianson, Gale E. (1996). Edwin Hubble: Mariner of the nebulae. University of Chicago Press. pp. 13–18. ISBN 9780226105215.
Christianson, Gale E. (1996). Edwin Hubble: Mariner of the Nebulae. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. p. 362. Grace heard that Enrico Fermi and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, both members of the Nobel Committee, had joined their colleagues in unanimously voting Hubble the prize in physics, a rumor later confirmed by the astronomers Geoffrey and Margaret Burbidge after speaking with "Chandra".
Sharov, Aleksandr Sergeevich; Novikov, Igor Dmitrievich (1993). Edwin Hubble, the discoverer of the Big Bang universe. Cambridge University Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-521-41617-7. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
Bartusiak, Marcia (2010). The Day We Found the Universe. Random House Digital, Inc. pp. x–xi. ISBN 9780307276605.
Block, David L.; Puerari, Ivacircnio; Stockton, Alan (2000). Toward a new millennium in galaxy morphology. Springer. pp. 146–150. ISBN 9780792361855.
Fool Me Twice: Fighting the Assault on Science in America. Harmony/Rodale. October 11, 2011. ISBN 9781609613204.
Bryson, Bill (2010). Short History of Nearly Everything: Special Illustrated Edition. Random House Digital, Incorporated. ISBN 9780307885166.
Heilbron, J. L. (2005). The Oxford guide to the history of physics and astronomy. Vol. 10. Oxford University Press US. pp. 156–157. ISBN 9780195171983.
Heim, Michael (2007). Exploring Missouri Highways: Trip Trivia. Exploring America's Highway. p. 62. ISBN 9780974435862. Retrieved November 21, 2017.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Edwin Hubble | American astronomer". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved November 20, 2017.

carnegiescience.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Carnegie Science and Caltech: A History of Collaboration". carnegiescience.edu. July 22, 2025.

cdlib.org (Global: 2,017^th place; English: 1,105^th place)

oac.cdlib.org

"Edwin Powell Hubble Papers: Finding Aid". oac.cdlib.org. Retrieved October 24, 2023.

cusd200.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"School Information / School Information". Archived from the original on September 18, 2018. Retrieved September 17, 2018.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Hubble, Edwin (December 1926). "Extragalactic nebulae". Astrophysical Journal. 64 (64): 321–369. Bibcode:1926ApJ....64..321H. doi:10.1086/143018.
Freedman, Wendy L.; Madore, Barry F.; Gibson, Brad K.; Ferrarese, Laura; Kelson, Daniel D.; Sakai, Shoko; Mould, Jeremy R.; Kennicutt, Jr., Robert C.; Ford, Holland C.; Graham, John A.; Huchra, John P.; Hughes, Shaun M. G.; Illingworth, Garth D.; Macri, Lucas M.; Stetson, Peter B. (2001). "Final Results from the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project to Measure the Hubble Constant". The Astrophysical Journal. 553 (1): 47–72. arXiv:astro-ph/0012376. Bibcode:2001ApJ...553...47F. doi:10.1086/320638. S2CID 119097691.
Freedman, Wendy L.; Madore, Barry F. (2010). "The Hubble Constant". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 48: 673–710. arXiv:1004.1856. Bibcode:2010ARA&A..48..673F. doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101829. S2CID 119263173.
Hubble, Edwin (1929). "A relation between distance and radial velocity among extra-galactic nebulae". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 15 (3): 168–173. Bibcode:1929PNAS...15..168H. doi:10.1073/pnas.15.3.168. PMC 522427. PMID 16577160.
Segal, I. E. (December 1993). "Geometric derivation of the chronometric redshift". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 90 (23): 11114–11116. Bibcode:1993PNAS...9011114S. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.23.11114. PMC 47932. PMID 11607440.
Hubble, E. P. (1929). "A spiral nebula as a stellar system, Messier 31". The Astrophysical Journal. 69: 103. Bibcode:1929ApJ....69..103H. doi:10.1086/143167.
Kirshner, Robert P. (January 6, 2004). "Hubble's diagram and cosmic expansion". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (1): 8–13. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101....8K. doi:10.1073/pnas.2536799100. PMC 314128. PMID 14695886.
Riess, Adam G.; Casertano, Stefano; Yuan, Wenlong; Macri, Lucas; Bucciarelli, Beatrice; Lattanzi, Mario G.; MacKenty, John W.; Bowers, J. Bradley; Zheng, WeiKang; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Huang, Caroline; Anderson, Richard I. (2018). "Milky Way Cepheid Standards for Measuring Cosmic Distances and Application to Gaia DR2: Implications for the Hubble Constant". The Astrophysical Journal. 861 (2): 126. arXiv:1804.10655. Bibcode:2018ApJ...861..126R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aac82e. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 55643027.
Planck Collaboration; Aghanim, N.; Akrami, Y.; Ashdown, M.; Aumont, J.; Baccigalupi, C.; Ballardini, M.; Banday, A. J.; Barreiro, R. B.; Bartolo, N.; Basak, S.; Battye, R.; Benabed, K.; Bernard, J. -P.; Bersanelli, M.; Bielewicz, P.; Bock, J. J.; Bond, J. R.; Borrill, J.; Bouchet, F. R.; Boulanger, F.; Bucher, M.; Burigana, C.; Butler, R. C.; Calabrese, E.; Cardoso, J. -F.; Carron, J.; Challinor, A.; Chiang, H. C.; et al. (2020). "Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 641: A6. arXiv:1807.06209. Bibcode:2020A&A...641A...6P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833910. S2CID 119335614. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
Scolnic, Dan; Macri, Lucas M.; Yuan, Wenlong; Casertano, Stefano; Riess, Adam G. (March 18, 2019). "Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheid Standards Provide a 1% Foundation for the Determination of the Hubble Constant and Stronger Evidence for Physics Beyond LambdaCDM". The Astrophysical Journal. 876 (1): 85. arXiv:1903.07603. Bibcode:2019ApJ...876...85R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab1422. S2CID 85528549.
Livio, Mario (November 10, 2011). "Lost in translation: Mystery of the missing text solved". Nature. 479 (7372): 171–173. doi:10.1038/479171a. PMID 22071745. S2CID 203468083.

eps.harvard.edu (Global: 3,622^nd place; English: 4,057^th place)

cbat.eps.harvard.edu

E. P. Hubble; H. Shapley (August 5, 1937). E. Strömgren (ed.). "New Comet". IAU Circular. 673 (1).

ermurrowhs.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"PLANETARIUM". Edward R. Murrow High School. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 21, 2017.

esa.int (Global: 1,073^rd place; English: 1,115^th place)

cosmos.esa.int

Planck Collaboration; Aghanim, N.; Akrami, Y.; Ashdown, M.; Aumont, J.; Baccigalupi, C.; Ballardini, M.; Banday, A. J.; Barreiro, R. B.; Bartolo, N.; Basak, S.; Battye, R.; Benabed, K.; Bernard, J. -P.; Bersanelli, M.; Bielewicz, P.; Bock, J. J.; Bond, J. R.; Borrill, J.; Bouchet, F. R.; Boulanger, F.; Bucher, M.; Burigana, C.; Butler, R. C.; Calabrese, E.; Cardoso, J. -F.; Carron, J.; Challinor, A.; Chiang, H. C.; et al. (2020). "Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 641: A6. arXiv:1807.06209. Bibcode:2020A&A...641A...6P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833910. S2CID 119335614. Retrieved July 18, 2018.

fi.edu (Global: 9,608^th place; English: 9,350^th place)

"Case Files: Edwin Hubble | The Franklin Institute". fi.edu. June 1, 2016.
"Laureates Search". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. Retrieved May 8, 2015.

futurism.media (Global: low place; English: low place)

Reese, Riley. "Most Influential Astronomers of All Time". Futurism. Jerrick Ventures LLC. Retrieved April 6, 2018.

hoopshall.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Edwin Hubble". Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame. Retrieved November 21, 2017.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Slipher, V. M. (1917). "Nebulæ". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 56 (5). American Philosophical Society: 403–409. ISSN 0003-049X. JSTOR 984028. Retrieved July 9, 2024.

ladailymirror.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Harnisch, Larry (December 31, 2011). "Hubble: No Evidence of 'Big Bang' Theory". Los Angeles Daily Mirror (WP:NEWSBLOG). (Shows legible photo of the article.)

louisville.edu (Global: low place; English: 8,546^th place)

astro.louisville.edu

Kielkopf, John F. "Edwin Hubble, Family, and Friends in Louisville 1909–1916".

mo.gov (Global: 2,582^nd place; English: 1,191^st place)

house.mo.gov

"Edwin Hubble (1889–1953)". Hall of Famous Missourians. Missouri House of Representatives. Retrieved November 21, 2017.

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; English: 73^rd place)

hubble.nasa.gov

"Biography of Edwin Hubble (1889–1953)". NASA. Archived from the original on June 30, 2011. Retrieved June 21, 2011.

antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov

Sandage, Allan (1989). "Edwin Hubble 1889–1953". The Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 83 (6).

nasonline.org (Global: 2,262^nd place; English: 1,563^rd place)

"Edwin Hubble". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved July 19, 2023.

newspapers.com (Global: 24^th place; English: 12^th place)

"Major Edwin Hubble is Made Lieutenant Colonel". Springfield Missouri Republican. August 11, 1918. p. 6. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
"Savant Refutes Theory of Exploding Universe – Mt. Wilson Astronomer Reports Results of Long Searching With 100-Inch Telescope". The Los Angeles Times: 10. December 31, 1941.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hubble, Edwin (1929). "A relation between distance and radial velocity among extra-galactic nebulae". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 15 (3): 168–173. Bibcode:1929PNAS...15..168H. doi:10.1073/pnas.15.3.168. PMC 522427. PMID 16577160.
Segal, I. E. (December 1993). "Geometric derivation of the chronometric redshift". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 90 (23): 11114–11116. Bibcode:1993PNAS...9011114S. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.23.11114. PMC 47932. PMID 11607440.
Kirshner, Robert P. (January 6, 2004). "Hubble's diagram and cosmic expansion". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (1): 8–13. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101....8K. doi:10.1073/pnas.2536799100. PMC 314128. PMID 14695886.
Livio, Mario (November 10, 2011). "Lost in translation: Mystery of the missing text solved". Nature. 479 (7372): 171–173. doi:10.1038/479171a. PMID 22071745. S2CID 203468083.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hubble, Edwin (1929). "A relation between distance and radial velocity among extra-galactic nebulae". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 15 (3): 168–173. Bibcode:1929PNAS...15..168H. doi:10.1073/pnas.15.3.168. PMC 522427. PMID 16577160.
Segal, I. E. (December 1993). "Geometric derivation of the chronometric redshift". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 90 (23): 11114–11116. Bibcode:1993PNAS...9011114S. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.23.11114. PMC 47932. PMID 11607440.
Kirshner, Robert P. (January 6, 2004). "Hubble's diagram and cosmic expansion". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (1): 8–13. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101....8K. doi:10.1073/pnas.2536799100. PMC 314128. PMID 14695886.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

"FINDS SPIRAL NEBULAE ARE STELLAR SYSTEMS; Dr. Hubbell Confirms View That They Are 'Island Universes' Similar to Our Own". The New York Times. November 23, 1924. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 18, 2026.

ox.ac.uk (Global: 541^st place; English: 356^th place)

rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk

The Rhodes Trust. "Rhodes Scholars: Complete List, 1903–2010". The Rhodes Trust. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved May 29, 2011. Hubble, Edwin – The Queen's College, Illinois (1910)

pbs.org (Global: 260^th place; English: 176^th place)

"Cosmological Constant". Public Broadcasting Station. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved May 29, 2011.

ras.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Gold Medal Winners" (PDF). RAS. 2014. Retrieved January 9, 2015.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Freedman, Wendy L.; Madore, Barry F.; Gibson, Brad K.; Ferrarese, Laura; Kelson, Daniel D.; Sakai, Shoko; Mould, Jeremy R.; Kennicutt, Jr., Robert C.; Ford, Holland C.; Graham, John A.; Huchra, John P.; Hughes, Shaun M. G.; Illingworth, Garth D.; Macri, Lucas M.; Stetson, Peter B. (2001). "Final Results from the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project to Measure the Hubble Constant". The Astrophysical Journal. 553 (1): 47–72. arXiv:astro-ph/0012376. Bibcode:2001ApJ...553...47F. doi:10.1086/320638. S2CID 119097691.
Freedman, Wendy L.; Madore, Barry F. (2010). "The Hubble Constant". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 48: 673–710. arXiv:1004.1856. Bibcode:2010ARA&A..48..673F. doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101829. S2CID 119263173.
Riess, Adam G.; Casertano, Stefano; Yuan, Wenlong; Macri, Lucas; Bucciarelli, Beatrice; Lattanzi, Mario G.; MacKenty, John W.; Bowers, J. Bradley; Zheng, WeiKang; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Huang, Caroline; Anderson, Richard I. (2018). "Milky Way Cepheid Standards for Measuring Cosmic Distances and Application to Gaia DR2: Implications for the Hubble Constant". The Astrophysical Journal. 861 (2): 126. arXiv:1804.10655. Bibcode:2018ApJ...861..126R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aac82e. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 55643027.
Planck Collaboration; Aghanim, N.; Akrami, Y.; Ashdown, M.; Aumont, J.; Baccigalupi, C.; Ballardini, M.; Banday, A. J.; Barreiro, R. B.; Bartolo, N.; Basak, S.; Battye, R.; Benabed, K.; Bernard, J. -P.; Bersanelli, M.; Bielewicz, P.; Bock, J. J.; Bond, J. R.; Borrill, J.; Bouchet, F. R.; Boulanger, F.; Bucher, M.; Burigana, C.; Butler, R. C.; Calabrese, E.; Cardoso, J. -F.; Carron, J.; Challinor, A.; Chiang, H. C.; et al. (2020). "Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 641: A6. arXiv:1807.06209. Bibcode:2020A&A...641A...6P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833910. S2CID 119335614. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
Scolnic, Dan; Macri, Lucas M.; Yuan, Wenlong; Casertano, Stefano; Riess, Adam G. (March 18, 2019). "Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheid Standards Provide a 1% Foundation for the Determination of the Hubble Constant and Stronger Evidence for Physics Beyond LambdaCDM". The Astrophysical Journal. 876 (1): 85. arXiv:1903.07603. Bibcode:2019ApJ...876...85R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab1422. S2CID 85528549.
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