Elections in China (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Elections in China" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

18doi.org

2^nd place

18web.archive.org

1^st place

12worldcat.org

5^th place

11books.google.com

3^rd place

8archive.org

6^th place

6semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

4nytimes.com

7^th place

2economist.com

254^th place

236^th place

2jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

2freedomhouse.org

2,046^th place

1,783^rd place

1decodingchina.eu

low place

1duke.edu

1,880^th place

1,218^th place

1npc.gov.cn

4,483^rd place

7,249^th place

1yzdb.cn

low place

1pressreader.com

953^rd place

647^th place

1china.org.cn

1,653^rd place

1,397^th place

1chinausfocus.com

low place

1v-dem.net

low place

1hrw.org

729^th place

650^th place

1cnn.com

28^th place

26^th place

archive.org

Niou, Emerson M.S. (2000-01-01). "An Introduction to the Electoral Systems Used in Chinese Village Elections" (PDF). In McGinnis, Rebecca (ed.). Contemporary China: Approaching the 21st Century, 26th Annual Sino-American Conference June, 1997 University of Maryland. Bethesda, Md: University Press of Maryland. ISBN 978-1-883053-52-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-06.
Chen 1999, p. 65. Chen, An (1999). "Two Systems for Electing People's Deputies". Restructuring Political Power in China: Alliances and Opposition, 1978–1998. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 63–96. doi:10.1515/9781685851927-006. ISBN 978-1-555-87842-9.
McCormick 1990, p. 141. McCormick, Barrett L. (1990). "Elections to Local People's Congresses". Political Reform in Post-Mao China: Democracy and Bureaucracy in a Leninist State. University of California Press. pp. 130–156. doi:10.2307/jj.13083394. ISBN 978-0-520-06765-3. JSTOR jj.13083394.
Chen 1999, p. 66. Chen, An (1999). "Two Systems for Electing People's Deputies". Restructuring Political Power in China: Alliances and Opposition, 1978–1998. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 63–96. doi:10.1515/9781685851927-006. ISBN 978-1-555-87842-9.
Sue Vander Hook (2011). Communism. ABDO. p. 94. ISBN 9781617589478.
de Burgh, Hugo (2004). The Chinese Journalist: Mediating Information in the World's Most Populous Country. Routledge. p. 77. ISBN 9780203323267.
Chen 1999, p. 69. Chen, An (1999). "Two Systems for Electing People's Deputies". Restructuring Political Power in China: Alliances and Opposition, 1978–1998. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 63–96. doi:10.1515/9781685851927-006. ISBN 978-1-555-87842-9.
McCormick 1990, p. 142. McCormick, Barrett L. (1990). "Elections to Local People's Congresses". Political Reform in Post-Mao China: Democracy and Bureaucracy in a Leninist State. University of California Press. pp. 130–156. doi:10.2307/jj.13083394. ISBN 978-0-520-06765-3. JSTOR jj.13083394.

books.google.com

McCormick 1990, p. 141. McCormick, Barrett L. (1990). "Elections to Local People's Congresses". Political Reform in Post-Mao China: Democracy and Bureaucracy in a Leninist State. University of California Press. pp. 130–156. doi:10.2307/jj.13083394. ISBN 978-0-520-06765-3. JSTOR jj.13083394.
Leung 1996, pp. 109–110. Leung, Kwan-kwok (1996). "The Basic-Level Elections in Guangzhou Since 1979". In Macpherson, Stewart; Cheng, Joseph Y.S (eds.). Economic and Social Development in South China. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 107–. doi:10.4337/9781782542889.00013. ISBN 978-1-858-98301-1.
林 (Lin), 峰 (Feng) (2011). 郑 (Cheng), 宇硕(Joseph Y. S.) (ed.). Whither China's Democracy: Democratization in China Since the Tiananmen Incident. City University of Hong Kong Press. pp. 65–99. ISBN 978-962-937-181-4. At pp. 77–87.
Lei Xie (2012). Environmental Activism in China. Routledge. p. 12. ISBN 9781134020263.
Joseph de Rivera (2008). Handbook on Building Cultures of Peace. Springer. p. 162. ISBN 9780387095752.
B. He (2007). Rural Democracy in China: The Role of Village Elections. Springer. p. 25. ISBN 9780230607316.
Gerald Segal (1989). Political and economic encyclopaedia of the Pacific. Longman. p. 34. ISBN 9780582051614.
Unger, Jonathan (2002). The Transformation of Rural China. M.E. Sharpe. p. 218. ISBN 9780765605511.
Andrew Sancton and Chen Zhenming (2014). Citizen Participation at the Local Level in China and Canada. CRC Press. p. 214. ISBN 9781482228977.
Gunter Schubert and Anna L. Ahlers (2012). Participation and Empowerment at the Grassroots: Chinese Village Elections in Perspective. Lexington Books. p. 1. ISBN 9780739174807.
McCormick 1990, p. 142. McCormick, Barrett L. (1990). "Elections to Local People's Congresses". Political Reform in Post-Mao China: Democracy and Bureaucracy in a Leninist State. University of California Press. pp. 130–156. doi:10.2307/jj.13083394. ISBN 978-0-520-06765-3. JSTOR jj.13083394.

china.org.cn

"Allocation of the Number of Deputies". China Internet Information Center. Archived from the original on 12 August 2002. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

chinausfocus.com

Ji, Bian (6 March 2011). "China's National People's Congress System: A Brief Introduction". China US Focus. China-United States Exchange Foundation. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

cnn.com

Gan, Nectar; George, Steve (2021-12-08). "China claims its authoritarian one-party system is a democracy -- and one that works better than the US". CNN. Archived from the original on 2022-06-07. Retrieved 2022-12-16.

decodingchina.eu

"Democracy". Decoding China. Heidelberg University. 4 February 2021. Archived from the original on 2022-08-16. Retrieved 2022-08-22.

doi.org

Gandhi, Jennifer; Lust-Okar, Ellen (2009-06-01). "Elections Under Authoritarianism". Annual Review of Political Science. 12 (1): 403–422. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.060106.095434. ISSN 1094-2939.
Lee, Ching Kwan; Zhang, Yonghong (2013-05-01). "The Power of Instability: Unraveling the Microfoundations of Bargained Authoritarianism in China". American Journal of Sociology. 118 (6): 1475–1508. doi:10.1086/670802. ISSN 0002-9602. S2CID 144559373.
Geddes, Barbara; Wright, Joseph; Frantz, Erica (2018). How Dictatorships Work. Cambridge University Press. p. 141. doi:10.1017/9781316336182. ISBN 978-1-316-33618-2. S2CID 226899229.
Hao, Mingsong; Ke, Xiwang (5 July 2023). "Personal Networks and Grassroots Election Participation in China: Findings from the Chinese General Social Survey". Journal of Chinese Political Science. 29 (1): 159–184. doi:10.1007/s11366-023-09861-3. ISSN 1080-6954.
Truex, Rory (2016-10-28). Making Autocracy Work: Representation and Responsiveness in Modern China. Cambridge University Press. pp. 52, 111. doi:10.1017/CBO9781316771785. ISBN 978-1-107-17243-2. OCLC 964291909.
Gasper, Donald (1982), Nelson, Daniel; White, Stephen (eds.), "The Chinese National People's Congress", Communist Legislatures in Comparative Perspective, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 160–190, doi:10.1007/978-1-349-06086-3_7, ISBN 978-1-349-06088-7
Chen 1999, p. 65. Chen, An (1999). "Two Systems for Electing People's Deputies". Restructuring Political Power in China: Alliances and Opposition, 1978–1998. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 63–96. doi:10.1515/9781685851927-006. ISBN 978-1-555-87842-9.
McCormick 1990, p. 141. McCormick, Barrett L. (1990). "Elections to Local People's Congresses". Political Reform in Post-Mao China: Democracy and Bureaucracy in a Leninist State. University of California Press. pp. 130–156. doi:10.2307/jj.13083394. ISBN 978-0-520-06765-3. JSTOR jj.13083394.
Chen 1999, p. 66. Chen, An (1999). "Two Systems for Electing People's Deputies". Restructuring Political Power in China: Alliances and Opposition, 1978–1998. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 63–96. doi:10.1515/9781685851927-006. ISBN 978-1-555-87842-9.
Leung 1996, pp. 109–110. Leung, Kwan-kwok (1996). "The Basic-Level Elections in Guangzhou Since 1979". In Macpherson, Stewart; Cheng, Joseph Y.S (eds.). Economic and Social Development in South China. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 107–. doi:10.4337/9781782542889.00013. ISBN 978-1-858-98301-1.
Kennedy, John James (2024-08-14), Joseph, William A. (ed.), "Rural China: Reform and Resistance", Politics in China (4 ed.), Oxford University Press, pp. 337–366, doi:10.1093/oso/9780197683200.003.0010, ISBN 978-0-19-768320-0
Martinez-Bravo, Monica; Padró I Miquel, Gerard; Qian, Nancy; Yao, Yang (2022-09-01). "The Rise and Fall of Local Elections in China". American Economic Review. 112 (9). American Economic Association: 2921–2958. doi:10.1257/aer.20181249. ISSN 0002-8282.
Landry, Pierre F.; Davis, Deborah; Wang, Shiru (2010-06-01). "Elections in Rural China: Competition Without Parties". Comparative Political Studies. 43 (6): 763–790. doi:10.1177/0010414009359392. ISSN 0010-4140. S2CID 43175132.
Manion, Melanie (2017-03-01). ""Good Types" in Authoritarian Elections: The Selectoral Connection in Chinese Local Congresses". Comparative Political Studies. 50 (3): 362–394. doi:10.1177/0010414014537027. ISSN 0010-4140. S2CID 155166131.
Wallace, Jeremy L. (2016). "Juking the Stats? Authoritarian Information Problems in China". British Journal of Political Science. 46 (1): 11–29. doi:10.1017/S0007123414000106. ISSN 0007-1234. S2CID 154275103.
Chen 1999, p. 69. Chen, An (1999). "Two Systems for Electing People's Deputies". Restructuring Political Power in China: Alliances and Opposition, 1978–1998. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 63–96. doi:10.1515/9781685851927-006. ISBN 978-1-555-87842-9.
McCormick 1990, p. 142. McCormick, Barrett L. (1990). "Elections to Local People's Congresses". Political Reform in Post-Mao China: Democracy and Bureaucracy in a Leninist State. University of California Press. pp. 130–156. doi:10.2307/jj.13083394. ISBN 978-0-520-06765-3. JSTOR jj.13083394.
Bishop, Sylvia; Hoeffler, Anke (2016). "Free and fair elections: A new database". Journal of Peace Research. 53 (4): 608–616. doi:10.1177/0022343316642508. S2CID 110571606.

duke.edu

sites.duke.edu

Niou, Emerson M.S. (2000-01-01). "An Introduction to the Electoral Systems Used in Chinese Village Elections" (PDF). In McGinnis, Rebecca (ed.). Contemporary China: Approaching the 21st Century, 26th Annual Sino-American Conference June, 1997 University of Maryland. Bethesda, Md: University Press of Maryland. ISBN 978-1-883053-52-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-06.

economist.com

"The West once dreamed of democracy taking root in rural China". The Economist. 2021-01-14. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 2021-11-05. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
"Democracy's other version: China holds elections". The Economist. November 10, 2016. Archived from the original on June 18, 2017. Retrieved August 26, 2017.

freedomhouse.org

"China: Freedom in the world". Freedom House. 2024-07-28. Archived from the original on 2024-07-18. Retrieved 2024-07-28.
"China: Freedom on the Net 2022 Country Report". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 2023-01-23. Retrieved 2022-12-16.

hrw.org

China: Events of 2020, Human Rights Watch, 2021-01-13, archived from the original on 2024-07-29, retrieved 2022-12-16

jstor.org

McCormick 1990, p. 141. McCormick, Barrett L. (1990). "Elections to Local People's Congresses". Political Reform in Post-Mao China: Democracy and Bureaucracy in a Leninist State. University of California Press. pp. 130–156. doi:10.2307/jj.13083394. ISBN 978-0-520-06765-3. JSTOR jj.13083394.
McCormick 1990, p. 142. McCormick, Barrett L. (1990). "Elections to Local People's Congresses". Political Reform in Post-Mao China: Democracy and Bureaucracy in a Leninist State. University of California Press. pp. 130–156. doi:10.2307/jj.13083394. ISBN 978-0-520-06765-3. JSTOR jj.13083394.

npc.gov.cn

"Electoral Law of the National People's Congress and Local People's Congresses of the People's Republic of China". NPC.gov. National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China. Archived from the original on 16 September 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2021.

nytimes.com

Hernández, Javier C. (2016-11-15). "'We Have a Fake Election': China Disrupts Local Campaigns". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2021-11-05. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
LaFraniere, Sharon (2011-12-04). "Alarmed by Independent Candidates, Chinese Authorities Crack Down". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2023-04-23. Retrieved 2023-04-24.
LaFraniere, Sharon (October 31, 2011). "In China, Political Outsiders Turn to Microblog Campaigns". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 1, 2011. Retrieved November 1, 2011. an election that is ostensibly open to all comers, but in fact is stacked in favor of the Communist Party's handpicked candidates.
Bradsher, Keith; Myers, Steven Lee (2021-12-07). "Ahead of Biden's Democracy Summit, China Says: We're Also a Democracy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2022-12-15. Retrieved 2022-12-16.

pressreader.com

Phillips, Michelle (July 4, 2011). "Chinese independents to challenge Communists in 2012". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on November 9, 2017. Retrieved May 10, 2017.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Lee, Ching Kwan; Zhang, Yonghong (2013-05-01). "The Power of Instability: Unraveling the Microfoundations of Bargained Authoritarianism in China". American Journal of Sociology. 118 (6): 1475–1508. doi:10.1086/670802. ISSN 0002-9602. S2CID 144559373.
Geddes, Barbara; Wright, Joseph; Frantz, Erica (2018). How Dictatorships Work. Cambridge University Press. p. 141. doi:10.1017/9781316336182. ISBN 978-1-316-33618-2. S2CID 226899229.
Landry, Pierre F.; Davis, Deborah; Wang, Shiru (2010-06-01). "Elections in Rural China: Competition Without Parties". Comparative Political Studies. 43 (6): 763–790. doi:10.1177/0010414009359392. ISSN 0010-4140. S2CID 43175132.
Manion, Melanie (2017-03-01). ""Good Types" in Authoritarian Elections: The Selectoral Connection in Chinese Local Congresses". Comparative Political Studies. 50 (3): 362–394. doi:10.1177/0010414014537027. ISSN 0010-4140. S2CID 155166131.
Wallace, Jeremy L. (2016). "Juking the Stats? Authoritarian Information Problems in China". British Journal of Political Science. 46 (1): 11–29. doi:10.1017/S0007123414000106. ISSN 0007-1234. S2CID 154275103.
Bishop, Sylvia; Hoeffler, Anke (2016). "Free and fair elections: A new database". Journal of Peace Research. 53 (4): 608–616. doi:10.1177/0022343316642508. S2CID 110571606.

v-dem.net

"The V-Dem Dataset". V-Dem Institute. 2023. Archived from the original on 8 December 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2023.

web.archive.org

Hernández, Javier C. (2016-11-15). "'We Have a Fake Election': China Disrupts Local Campaigns". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2021-11-05. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
"The West once dreamed of democracy taking root in rural China". The Economist. 2021-01-14. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 2021-11-05. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
LaFraniere, Sharon (2011-12-04). "Alarmed by Independent Candidates, Chinese Authorities Crack Down". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2023-04-23. Retrieved 2023-04-24.
"Democracy". Decoding China. Heidelberg University. 4 February 2021. Archived from the original on 2022-08-16. Retrieved 2022-08-22.
Niou, Emerson M.S. (2000-01-01). "An Introduction to the Electoral Systems Used in Chinese Village Elections" (PDF). In McGinnis, Rebecca (ed.). Contemporary China: Approaching the 21st Century, 26th Annual Sino-American Conference June, 1997 University of Maryland. Bethesda, Md: University Press of Maryland. ISBN 978-1-883053-52-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-06.
"Electoral Law of the National People's Congress and Local People's Congresses of the People's Republic of China". NPC.gov. National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China. Archived from the original on 16 September 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
"Democracy's other version: China holds elections". The Economist. November 10, 2016. Archived from the original on June 18, 2017. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
三上三下"协商确定县乡两级人大代表正式候选人的具体做法是什么？ [What is the specific procedure for the "three ups and three downs" method for determining through consultation the official candidates for People's Congress Representatives at the county and prefecture level?] (in Chinese). Hebei People's Congress. 6 December 2011. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.
Phillips, Michelle (July 4, 2011). "Chinese independents to challenge Communists in 2012". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on November 9, 2017. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
"Allocation of the Number of Deputies". China Internet Information Center. Archived from the original on 12 August 2002. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
Ji, Bian (6 March 2011). "China's National People's Congress System: A Brief Introduction". China US Focus. China-United States Exchange Foundation. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
LaFraniere, Sharon (October 31, 2011). "In China, Political Outsiders Turn to Microblog Campaigns". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 1, 2011. Retrieved November 1, 2011. an election that is ostensibly open to all comers, but in fact is stacked in favor of the Communist Party's handpicked candidates.
"The V-Dem Dataset". V-Dem Institute. 2023. Archived from the original on 8 December 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
"China: Freedom in the world". Freedom House. 2024-07-28. Archived from the original on 2024-07-18. Retrieved 2024-07-28.
"China: Freedom on the Net 2022 Country Report". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 2023-01-23. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
China: Events of 2020, Human Rights Watch, 2021-01-13, archived from the original on 2024-07-29, retrieved 2022-12-16
Gan, Nectar; George, Steve (2021-12-08). "China claims its authoritarian one-party system is a democracy -- and one that works better than the US". CNN. Archived from the original on 2022-06-07. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
Bradsher, Keith; Myers, Steven Lee (2021-12-07). "Ahead of Biden's Democracy Summit, China Says: We're Also a Democracy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2022-12-15. Retrieved 2022-12-16.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Gandhi, Jennifer; Lust-Okar, Ellen (2009-06-01). "Elections Under Authoritarianism". Annual Review of Political Science. 12 (1): 403–422. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.060106.095434. ISSN 1094-2939.
Lee, Ching Kwan; Zhang, Yonghong (2013-05-01). "The Power of Instability: Unraveling the Microfoundations of Bargained Authoritarianism in China". American Journal of Sociology. 118 (6): 1475–1508. doi:10.1086/670802. ISSN 0002-9602. S2CID 144559373.
Hao, Mingsong; Ke, Xiwang (5 July 2023). "Personal Networks and Grassroots Election Participation in China: Findings from the Chinese General Social Survey". Journal of Chinese Political Science. 29 (1): 159–184. doi:10.1007/s11366-023-09861-3. ISSN 1080-6954.
Hernández, Javier C. (2016-11-15). "'We Have a Fake Election': China Disrupts Local Campaigns". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2021-11-05. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
"The West once dreamed of democracy taking root in rural China". The Economist. 2021-01-14. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 2021-11-05. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
LaFraniere, Sharon (2011-12-04). "Alarmed by Independent Candidates, Chinese Authorities Crack Down". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2023-04-23. Retrieved 2023-04-24.
Truex, Rory (2016-10-28). Making Autocracy Work: Representation and Responsiveness in Modern China. Cambridge University Press. pp. 52, 111. doi:10.1017/CBO9781316771785. ISBN 978-1-107-17243-2. OCLC 964291909.
Martinez-Bravo, Monica; Padró I Miquel, Gerard; Qian, Nancy; Yao, Yang (2022-09-01). "The Rise and Fall of Local Elections in China". American Economic Review. 112 (9). American Economic Association: 2921–2958. doi:10.1257/aer.20181249. ISSN 0002-8282.
Landry, Pierre F.; Davis, Deborah; Wang, Shiru (2010-06-01). "Elections in Rural China: Competition Without Parties". Comparative Political Studies. 43 (6): 763–790. doi:10.1177/0010414009359392. ISSN 0010-4140. S2CID 43175132.
Manion, Melanie (2017-03-01). ""Good Types" in Authoritarian Elections: The Selectoral Connection in Chinese Local Congresses". Comparative Political Studies. 50 (3): 362–394. doi:10.1177/0010414014537027. ISSN 0010-4140. S2CID 155166131.
Wallace, Jeremy L. (2016). "Juking the Stats? Authoritarian Information Problems in China". British Journal of Political Science. 46 (1): 11–29. doi:10.1017/S0007123414000106. ISSN 0007-1234. S2CID 154275103.
Bradsher, Keith; Myers, Steven Lee (2021-12-07). "Ahead of Biden's Democracy Summit, China Says: We're Also a Democracy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2022-12-15. Retrieved 2022-12-16.

yzdb.cn

三上三下"协商确定县乡两级人大代表正式候选人的具体做法是什么？ [What is the specific procedure for the "three ups and three downs" method for determining through consultation the official candidates for People's Congress Representatives at the county and prefecture level?] (in Chinese). Hebei People's Congress. 6 December 2011. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.