Electrical connector (English Wikipedia)

"How to select a backshell" (PDF). Amphenol Corporation. BackShellWorld.com. 6 September 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 26 June 2019.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Evans, Bill (2011). Live sound fundamentals. Course Technology. pp. 24, 29. ISBN 978-1-4354-5494-1.

asme.org (Global: 6,567^th place; English: 3,977^th place)

catalog.asme.org

Reference Designations for Electrical and Electronics Parts and Equipment: ASME Y14.44-2008 : Section 2.1.5.3 (2). ASME, Fairfield, NJ. 2008. Archived from the original on 2010-03-13. Retrieved 2012-02-03. the stationary (more fixed) connector of a mating pair shall be designated J or X ... The movable (less fixed) connector of a mating pair shall be designated P

avielelectronics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Crimp vs. Solder" (PDF). Aviel Electronics Catalog. 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2019.

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its.bldrdoc.gov

"Hybrid connector". Telecommunications: Glossary of Telecommunication Terms (FS1037C). National Telecommunications and Information Administration. 23 August 1996.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Mroczkowski, Robert S. (1998). "Ch 1". Electrical Connector Handbook: Theory and Applications. McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-07-041401-7.
Horowitz, Paul; Hill, Winfield (1989). The Art of Electronics (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-37095-7.
Slade, Paul G. (2014). Electrical Contacts: Principles and Applications (2nd ed.). CRC Press. p. 408. ISBN 978-1-4398-8130-9.

cdmelectronics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"How to Select the Proper Backshell" (PDF). CDM Electronics. 12 June 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2019.

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updates.clipsal.com

"Datasheet 563: Cable Connector" (PDF). Clipsal. Retrieved 1 July 2019.

connector.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Endres, Herbert (19 December 2011). "Gold or Tin versus Gold and Tin?". Molex. Retrieved 1 July 2019.

connectorsupplier.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Lascelles, Robert (8 June 2015). "Modern Hyperboloid Contacts for Circular I/O Connectors". ConnectorSupplier.com. Retrieved 27 June 2019.

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"Gold alternatives in connector designs". Archived from the original on 2015-02-05. Retrieved 2026-09-06.
David Brearley (9 October 2015). "Would you trust your life to a 50-year old connector design?". Connector Tips. Retrieved 27 June 2019.

cosjwt.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Huggins, John S. (15 July 2009). "Jack/Plug – Jack, Plug, Male, Female Connectors". An Engineer's Review. Retrieved 1 July 2019.

dlnmh9ip6v2uc.cloudfront.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Ribbon Cable Interconnect Solutions" (PDF). TE Connectivity. April 2012. p. 30. Retrieved 1 July 2019. By its design the traditional failure mode in tin plated connections, fretting corrosion, is prevented.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Chou, George J. S. (September 9, 2012). "New Corrosion Resistant Plating to Reduce Gold Consumption in Connectors". pp. 1–5. doi:10.1109/HOLM.2012.6336595 – via IEEE Xplore.
Pecht, Michael (September 9, 2021). Contact Plating. IEEE. pp. 43–65. doi:10.1002/9781119679837.ch4 – via IEEE Xplore.
Andoh, I.; Koyama, H.; Shioiri, S.; Endo, Michiko (December 9, 1982). "Characteristic of Palladium Gold Sliding Contact for Connectors". IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology. 5 (4): 502–507. doi:10.1109/TCHMT.1982.1135985 – via IEEE Xplore.
Zhou, Yilin; Hong, Chuan; Liu, Libiao; Xu, Liangjun (May 9, 2012). "The reliability investigation of gold plated electrical contacts under sliding conditions". pp. 1–6. doi:10.1109/PHM.2012.6228871 – via IEEE Xplore.
Kovacs, G.; Toth, K. (August 9, 1990). "Investigation of alternative to gold contact finishes for telecom connector applications". pp. 326–341. doi:10.1109/HOLM.1990.113030 – via IEEE Xplore.
Whitley, J.; Wei, I.-Yuan; Krumbein, S. (December 9, 1983). "A Cost-Effective High-Performance Alternative to Conventional Gold Plating on Connector Contacts". IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology. 6 (4): 395–407. doi:10.1109/TCHMT.1983.1136211 – via IEEE Xplore.

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"Essential Connector Terms and Definitions for Specifiers of Interconnect Wiring Systems" (PDF). Glenair, Inc. 2004. Retrieved 2019-06-25.

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"Electrical Connectors Information". Engineering360. IEEE GlobalSpec. Retrieved 30 June 2019.

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Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams (Including Reference Designation Letters): IEEE-315-1975 (Reaffirmed 1993): Section 22. IEEE and ANSI, New York, NY. 1993.

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"Electrical Connectors: Design, Manufacture, Test, and Selection - Google Books". www.google.com.pa. Retrieved 2026-09-06.

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"Automotive connector". Gvtong. Archived from the original on 2025-07-10. Retrieved 2025-01-10.

hpacademy.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Simon, Andre. "Solder Vs Crimping". High Performance Academy. Retrieved 1 July 2019.

ieee-holm.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Mroczkowski, Dr. Robert S. (15 October 2004). "A Perspective on Connector Reliability" (PDF). IEEE. connNtext. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2019.

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ieeexplore.ieee.org

Chou, George J. S. (September 9, 2012). "New Corrosion Resistant Plating to Reduce Gold Consumption in Connectors". pp. 1–5. doi:10.1109/HOLM.2012.6336595 – via IEEE Xplore.
Pecht, Michael (September 9, 2021). Contact Plating. IEEE. pp. 43–65. doi:10.1002/9781119679837.ch4 – via IEEE Xplore.
Andoh, I.; Koyama, H.; Shioiri, S.; Endo, Michiko (December 9, 1982). "Characteristic of Palladium Gold Sliding Contact for Connectors". IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology. 5 (4): 502–507. doi:10.1109/TCHMT.1982.1135985 – via IEEE Xplore.
Zhou, Yilin; Hong, Chuan; Liu, Libiao; Xu, Liangjun (May 9, 2012). "The reliability investigation of gold plated electrical contacts under sliding conditions". pp. 1–6. doi:10.1109/PHM.2012.6228871 – via IEEE Xplore.
Kovacs, G.; Toth, K. (August 9, 1990). "Investigation of alternative to gold contact finishes for telecom connector applications". pp. 326–341. doi:10.1109/HOLM.1990.113030 – via IEEE Xplore.
Whitley, J.; Wei, I.-Yuan; Krumbein, S. (December 9, 1983). "A Cost-Effective High-Performance Alternative to Conventional Gold Plating on Connector Contacts". IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology. 6 (4): 395–407. doi:10.1109/TCHMT.1983.1136211 – via IEEE Xplore.

iehcorp.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"IEH Hyperboloid Connectors" (PDF). IEH Corporation. October 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
"Our Technology". IEH Corporation. Retrieved 26 June 2019.

interfacebus.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

David, Larry (17 March 2012). "Engineering Definitions – 'Com' to 'Con'". Electronic Engineering Dictionary Terms. Connector. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
David, Larry (17 March 2012). "Back Shell Definition". Electronic Engineering Dictionary Terms. Retrieved 30 June 2019.

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Dietmar Röring. "M12 versus RJ45 Ethernet connection systems". 2014.

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"Connectors: Failure Mechanisms and Anomalies" (PDF). Naval Sea Systems Command. Retrieved 1 July 2019.

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Worley, Jon (31 July 2018). "Circular Connector Terminology Guide". NYK Component Solutions. Retrieved 2018-10-15.

patents.google.com (Global: 1,154^th place; English: 606^th place)

SU application 1125684A1, Pustynskij Nikolaj, "Hyperboloid-shaped socket for connection device", published 1983 .
GB application 2366097A, Donald Richard Lacoy, "Hyperboloid electrical socket", published 27 February 2002 .
US patent 1833145A, Wilhelm Harold Frederick, "Connecter", published 7 July 1925 .

pccp.com.tw (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Basic Pogo Pin Intro". C.C.P. Contact Probes Co. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2019.

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"Molex Connectors Explained, as used in Pinball". Marvin's Marvelous Mechanical Museum. 4 March 2005. Retrieved 1 July 2019.

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"Welcome to Qualmax". Qualmax. Retrieved 3 July 2019.

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"Crimp vs Solder: Pros and Cons". RF Connectors. 1 December 2004. Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.

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docs-emea.rs-online.com

"Backshells by Amphenol Socapex" (PDF). RS Components Ltd. Amphenol Socapex. 2 November 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 26 June 2019.

rs-online.com

"Field Installable: The secret to mastering connectors". Design Spark. RS Components. 16 March 2017. Solder connectors. Retrieved 1 July 2019.

sparkfun.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

learn.sparkfun.com

SFUptownMaker. "Connector Basics". SparkFun. Retrieved 30 June 2019.

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AMP Incorporated (29 July 1996). "Golden Rules: Guidelines For The Use Of Gold On Connector Contacts" (PDF). Tyco Electronic Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 1 July 2019. Gold is generally specified as a contact coating for low level signal voltage and current applications, and where high reliability is a major consideration

turck.us (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Field Guide: Industrial Ethernet Connectivity". 2017.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

AMP Incorporated (29 July 1996). "Golden Rules: Guidelines For The Use Of Gold On Connector Contacts" (PDF). Tyco Electronic Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 1 July 2019. Gold is generally specified as a contact coating for low level signal voltage and current applications, and where high reliability is a major consideration
"Gold alternatives in connector designs". Archived from the original on 2015-02-05. Retrieved 2026-09-06.
Mroczkowski, Dr. Robert S. (15 October 2004). "A Perspective on Connector Reliability" (PDF). IEEE. connNtext. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
"Backshells by Amphenol Socapex" (PDF). RS Components Ltd. Amphenol Socapex. 2 November 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
"How to Select the Proper Backshell" (PDF). CDM Electronics. 12 June 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
"How to select a backshell" (PDF). Amphenol Corporation. BackShellWorld.com. 6 September 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
"IEH Hyperboloid Connectors" (PDF). IEH Corporation. October 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
"Basic Pogo Pin Intro". C.C.P. Contact Probes Co. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
Reference Designations for Electrical and Electronics Parts and Equipment: ASME Y14.44-2008 : Section 2.1.5.3 (2). ASME, Fairfield, NJ. 2008. Archived from the original on 2010-03-13. Retrieved 2012-02-03. the stationary (more fixed) connector of a mating pair shall be designated J or X ... The movable (less fixed) connector of a mating pair shall be designated P
"Crimp vs Solder: Pros and Cons". RF Connectors. 1 December 2004. Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
"Automotive connector". Gvtong. Archived from the original on 2025-07-10. Retrieved 2025-01-10.

zvei.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Connectors – Technologies and Trends (PDF). ZVEI – German Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers’ Association. August 2016.

Electrical connector (English Wikipedia)

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