Electronic color code (English Wikipedia)

"IEC 60062:2016-07" (6 ed.). July 2016. Archived from the original on 2018-07-23. Retrieved 2018-07-23.
"International Standard 127-1 preview". December 1988. Archived from the original on 2026-01-30.
"IEC 60062:2016-07" (6 ed.). July 2016. Archived from the original on 2018-07-23. Retrieved 2018-07-23.

jedec.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"JEDEC History". JEDEC. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-09-29.

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library.kre.dp.ua

"Маркировка радиоэлектронных компонентов" (PDF). 2006. p. 1.9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-07-09.

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"Centralab Bumblebee Tone Capacitor .022uF PIO 300V". 2025. Archived from the original on 2025-03-16.

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lccn.loc.gov

Westman, H. P., ed. (1968). Reference Data for Radio Engineers (5 ed.). ITT / Howard W. Sams. pp. 5-8 – 5-10. LCCN 43-14665.
Dorbuck, Tony, ed. (1978) [1977]. The Radio Amateur's Handbook (5 ed.). Connecticut, USA: The American Radio Relay League. pp. 553–554. LCCN 41-3345. no ISBN.

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"NZO series zero-ohm resistors". NIC Components Corp. Archived from the original on 2009-01-04.

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"Маркировка отечественных п/п приборов в корпусе KТ&26 (ТО&92)". МАРКИРОВКА ЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ КОМПОНЕНТОВ ОПРЕДЕЛИТЕЛЬ (PDF). p. 26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-12.

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"How To Read Old Style Resistors" (PDF). 2006-10-03. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-12-19. Retrieved 2016-12-19.

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"RMA Resistor and Flexible Resistor Color Codes". Archived from the original on 2016-12-19. Retrieved 2016-12-19.

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"IEC 60062:2016-07" (6 ed.). July 2016. Archived from the original on 2018-07-23. Retrieved 2018-07-23.
"IEC 60062:2016-07" (6 ed.). July 2016. Archived from the original on 2018-07-23. Retrieved 2018-07-23.

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en.tdk.eu

"RF General" (PDF). TDK.

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Buttner, Harold H.; Kohlhaas, H. T.; Mann, F. J., eds. (1946). "Chapter 3: Audio and radio design". Reference Data for Radio Engineers (PDF) (2 ed.). Federal Telephone and Radio Corporation (FTR). pp. 52, 57. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-05-16. Retrieved 2020-01-03.

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VR37 High ohmic/high voltage resistors (PDF). Vishay. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-09-10.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Erie Solid Carbon Resistors". Catalogue. November 1961. p. R100. Archived from the original on 2025-01-26.
"9. RADIO MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION STANDARDS". Mechanical Practice (PDF). Radio Matériel School. 1943. p. 74. Archived from the original on 2025-02-25.
"JEDEC History". JEDEC. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
"EIA STANDARD Fixed Composition Resistors RS-172-B" (PDF). March 1975. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-10-26.
"EIA STANDARD Low Power, Insulated Fixed Wirewound Resistors RS-344" (PDF). January 1968. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-08-26.
"STANDARDIZING NOTICE EIA STANDARD RS-279" (PDF). August 1963. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2026-04-09.
"FIXED FILM RESISTORS - PRECISION AND SEMIPRECISON RS-196-A" (PDF). 1970. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-08-26.
"EIA STANDARD Ceramic Dielectric Capacitors RS-198-В" (PDF). October 1971. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-08-26.
Nuclear Electronics Laboratory Manual (PDF). 1984. p. 25. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-03-19.
"MOLDED AND DIPPED MICA CAPACITORS (WIRE LEAD STYLES) RS-153-B" (PDF). 1972. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-08-26.
Nuclear Electronics Laboratory Manual (PDF). 1984. p. 24. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-03-19.
"EIA INTERIM STANDARD Axial Lead Fixed Radio Frequency (RF) Coils EIA/IS-48" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-10-21.
"Color Coding, Multi Component Types" (PDF). 1986. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-10-21.
"Publication 62 COLOUR CODE for FIXED RESISTORS" (PDF). 1952. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-10-21.
"Publication 62 1968 Marking codes for values and tolerances of resistors and capacitors" (PDF). 1968. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-10-21.
"Publication 62 1974 Marking codes for resistors and capacitors" (PDF). 1974. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-10-21.
"DEUTSCHE NORMEN Farbkennzeichnung von Widerständen DIN 41429" (PDF). 1978. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2026-03-06.
"IEC 60062:2016-07" (6 ed.). July 2016. Archived from the original on 2018-07-23. Retrieved 2018-07-23.
"STANDARDIZING NOTICE EIA STANDARD RS-279" (PDF). August 1963. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2026-04-09.
"Panasonic Axial Lead Ceramic Capacitors" (PDF). p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2026-04-05.
"Taiyo Yuden Products Tubular Ceramic Capacitors" (PDF). 1984. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2026-04-05.
"Centralab Bumblebee Tone Capacitor .022uF PIO 300V". 2025. Archived from the original on 2025-03-16.
"MAZ2000 Series (MA2000 Series)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-10-08.
"MAZ4000 Series (MA4000 Series)" (PDF). 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-10-08.
"MAZ4000N Series (MA4000(N) Series)" (PDF). 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-10-08.
"MAZ7000 Series (MA7000 Series)" (PDF). March 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2026-09-07.
"Silicon Epitaxial Planar Diode for High Voltage Switching" (PDF). 1995. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-12-13.
"HZK Series Silicon Epitaxial Planar Zener Diodes for Stabilized Power Supply" (PDF). 1999. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-07-05.
"Маркировка отечественных п/п приборов в корпусе KТ&26 (ТО&92)". МАРКИРОВКА ЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ КОМПОНЕНТОВ ОПРЕДЕЛИТЕЛЬ (PDF). p. 26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-12.
"Color Coding, Multi Component Types" (PDF). 1986. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-10-21.
PHILIPS DATA HANDBООK COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS (PDF). December 1970. p. C27, C43, C64, C188. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2025-03-06.
"Colour Code for Resistors and Capacitors". Archived from the original on 2025-11-08.
"Standard VDR Disc Colour Coding". Archived from the original on 2024-10-12.
"International Standard 127-1 preview". December 1988. Archived from the original on 2026-01-30.
"FUSES SUBMINIATURE PICO II® Fast-Acting Type" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-06-26.
"MOLDED AND DIPPED MICA CAPACITORS (WIRE LEAD STYLES) RS-153-B" (PDF). 1972. p. 17. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-08-26.
"Photo of a Five-Milliohm Color-Coded Resistor Like They Don't Make Anymore; Using White as a Substitute for Pink". Archived from the original on 2026-04-05.
"TRW Decoding Gizmo, Rear View". Archived from the original on 2026-04-05.
"INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 60062 Marking codes for resistors and capacitors" (PDF). 1992. p. 9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-10-21.
"Standard Carbon Film Leaded Resistors" (PDF). 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-02-19.
"Precision Automotive High Voltage Thin Film MELF Resistors" (PDF). 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-02-28.
"IEC 60062:2016-07" (6 ed.). July 2016. Archived from the original on 2018-07-23. Retrieved 2018-07-23.
VR37 High ohmic/high voltage resistors (PDF). Vishay. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-09-10.
"MILITARY SPECIFICATION RESISTORS, FIXED, COMPOSITION (INSULATED), ESTABLISHED RELIABILITY GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR" (PDF). 1990. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-06-30.
"Diminishing Source of Supply: Only Source for Military Qualified Carbon Composition Resistors to Stop Production in 1996" (PDF). 1996. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2004-05-16.
"PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION RESISTORS, FIXED, FILM (INSULATED) GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR" (PDF). 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-06-30.
"MILITARY STANDARD RESISTORS, SELECTION AND USE OF" (PDF). 1991. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-05-06.
"DEUTSCHE NORMEN Farbkennzeichnung von Widerständen DIN 41429" (PDF). 1978. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2026-03-06.
"WELWYN METOX MINIATURE OXIDE RESISTORS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2026-02-25.
"APPLICATION NOTE CRT Series Over Temperature Protector Resistor" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-05-17.
"Carbon Film Resistors, Fusible Type" (PDF). February 2008. p. 230. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-11-21.
"FUSIBLE WIRE WOUND FIXED RESISTOR TYPE FWFU SERIES" (PDF). May 2025. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2026-03-21.
"Carbon Film Resistors, Flameproof" (PDF). 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-07-04.
"RFS Series Datasheet" (PDF). 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-07-01.
"UL-RECOGNIZED FAILSAFE MOLDED WIREWOUNDS BWF SERIES" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-07-06.
"DATA SHEET METAL GLAZED FILM RESISTORS High Voltage, High Ohmic HHV Series" (PDF). p. 15. Archived from the original on 2026-02-17.
"Firstohm Catalog" (PDF). 2016. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-07-04. (NB. Shows blue bands.)
"ASR / ASRM Series Anti-Surge Resistor" (PDF). June 2024. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-07-18.
"WIREWOUND ANTI-SURGE RESISTORS TYPE EP SERIES" (PDF). p. 7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2026-03-19.
"High Surge MELF Wirewound Resistors HSMW Series" (PDF). July 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2026-07-01.
"DATA SHEET WIREWOUND RESISTORS High Power PNP Series" (PDF).
"Flame-Proof & Non-Inductive Type Normal & Miniature Style [NKN Series]" (PDF). 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-06-30.
"SPR / SPRM Series Discharge Path Resistor" (PDF). 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-05-18.
"Panasonic High Sound Quality Film Resistors, ERD, AS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-06-30.
"High Surge MELF Wirewound Resistors HSMW Series" (PDF). July 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2026-07-01.
"APPLICATION NOTE CRT Series Over Temperature Protector Resistor" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-05-17.
"Protective Pulse Resistor". Archived from the original on 2026-04-05.
"Surge Safety Resistor". Archived from the original on 2026-04-09.
"Fusible, Non-Flammable Metal Film Leaded Resistors" (PDF). September 2016. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-07-06.
"DATA SHEET WIREWOUND RESISTORS High Power PNP Series" (PDF). August 2021. p. 15. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-11-02.
"DATA SHEET WIREWOUND RESISTORS High Power PNP V Series" (PDF). May 2024. p. 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2026-02-06.
"Firstohm Catalog" (PDF). 2016. p. 12, 15. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-07-04.
"RXS Series Datasheet" (PDF). 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-12.
"Carbon Film Resistors, Flameproof" (PDF). 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-07-04.
"Photo of Resistors with Yellow and Pink Gratuitous-Fourth Band". Archived from the original on 2026-07-13.
"Data Sheet, Multicomp MELF Resistors" (PDF). 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-08-12.
"Data Sheet, Viking MELF Resistors" (PDF). 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-02-26.
"Data Sheet, TE Melf Resistors" (PDF). 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-02-26.
"Data Sheet, Yageo MELF Resistors" (PDF). 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-02-26.
"MEV Series Metal Film Precision MELF Resistor" (PDF). December 2021. p. 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-12-08.
"MELF Resistors" (PDF). July 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-12-08.
"MLF/MLFM Series Metal Film Melf Resistor" (PDF). September 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-12-08.
"DATA SHEET METAL GLAZED FILM RESISTORS High Voltage, High Ohmic HHV Series" (PDF). p. 15. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2026-02-17.
"DATA SHEET WIREWOUND RESISTORS High Power PNP Series" (PDF). August 2021. p. 15. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-11-02.
"DATA SHEET WIREWOUND RESISTORS Fusible, Flameproof FKN Series" (PDF). December 2024. p. 16. Archived from the original on 2026-02-09.
"Compact Flameproof Power Wirewound Resistors" (PDF). November 2020. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-08-11.
"NZO series zero-ohm resistors". NIC Components Corp. Archived from the original on 2009-01-04.
"EIA STANDARD Fixed Film Resistors – Precision and Semiprecision RS-196-A" (PDF). September 1970. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-08-26.
"DATA SHEET METAL FILM RESISTORS Precision MFP Series" (PDF). April 2024. p. 9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2026-03-22.
"Futaba Fixed Resistors" (PDF). p. 65. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-10-29.
"Маркировка радиоэлектронных компонентов" (PDF). 2006. p. 1.9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-07-09.
VR37 High ohmic/high voltage resistors (PDF). Vishay. 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-09-10.
"British Decoding Gizmos, Front and Back". Archived from the original on 2026-04-05.
"Compact Flameproof Power Wirewound Resistors WP-S Series" (PDF). TT Electronics. October 2024. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-09-02.
"DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE STANDARD PRACTICE MARKING OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC PARTS" (PDF). September 2004. p. 9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-01-07.
"DATA SHEET METAL FILM RESISTORS General Purpose MFR Series" (PDF). Yageo. September 2021. p. 14. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-12-06.
"DATA SHEET METAL FILM RESISTORS General Purpose MFR Series" (PDF). Yageo. September 2021. p. 14. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-12-06.
"Ohmite Component Selector Catalog 4000K" (PDF). April 2015. p. 51. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-06-02.
"akane ohm Product Catalog" (PDF). Akane Ohm. 2025. p. 7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-10-29.
Buttner, Harold H.; Kohlhaas, H. T.; Mann, F. J., eds. (1946). "Chapter 3: Audio and radio design". Reference Data for Radio Engineers (PDF) (2 ed.). Federal Telephone and Radio Corporation (FTR). pp. 52, 57. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-05-16. Retrieved 2020-01-03.
"How To Read Old Style Resistors" (PDF). 2006-10-03. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-12-19. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
"RMA Resistor and Flexible Resistor Color Codes". Archived from the original on 2016-12-19. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
"The Antique Resistor Color Code" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-12-19. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
"Final Summary". RESISTORS AND RESISTOR COLOR CODE (PDF). U.S.ARMY ORDNANCE CENTER AND SCHOOL. December 1981. p. 47. Archived from the original on 2025-07-04.

worldradiohistory.com (Global: 127^th place; English: 68^th place)

"Advertisement" (PDF). Radio Broadcast: 641. February 1925.
"Standard Color Designations for Cords Used for Outside Connections in Radio Receivers" (PDF). Radio Broadcast: 1034. April 1925.
"FADA RADIO & ELECTRIC CORP.". Perpetual Troubleshooter's Manual, Volume IV (PDF). 1934. p. 4-4.
Perpetual Trouble Shooter's Manual (PDF). 1933. p. 1-18 Zenith.
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Rider, John F.; Muhleman, M. L., eds. (April 1932). "Color coding" (PDF). Service - A Monthly Digest of Radio and Allied Maintenance. 1 (3). New York City, NY, USA: John F. Rider Publications, Inc.: 62. Retrieved 2019-11-15. Color coding of resistances used in receivers is not always according to the standard recommended by the RMA. Most of the manufacturers now are using this code. The following is a partial tabulation of receiver manufacturers and comments concerning their use of the body, tip and dot system. [...] (NB. Part 1/2 of a list of when each radio manufacturer first started using RMA color coded resistors.)
Rider, John F.; Muhleman, M. L., eds. (May 1932). "Color coding - Continued from April issue" (PDF). Service - A Monthly Digest of Radio and Allied Maintenance. 1 (4). New York City, NY, USA: John F. Rider Publications, Inc.: 89. Retrieved 2019-11-15. (NB. Part 2/2 of a list of when each radio manufacturer first started using RMA color coded resistors.)
"A-K COLOR CODINGS" (PDF). Radio Today: 42. January 1937.
"For Color-Coded Resistors" (PDF). Radio Retailing: 47. April 1931.
"Color code indicator" (PDF). Electronics: 607. April 1931.
"Resistor Assortment" (PDF). Radio News: 913. April 1931.
"Strays" (PDF). QST: 26. July 1931.
"RESISTOR MARKINGS" (PDF). Radio-Craft: 506. February 1931.
Catalog, American Radio Transmitter 1927 (PDF). 1927. p. 71.
"Advertisement" (PDF). Electronics: 36. February 1935.
"Resistance". THE RADIO ENGINEERING HANDBOOK (PDF). 1941. p. 62.
THE RADIOTRON Designer's Handbook (PDF). November 1941. p. 313.
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"Color Code for Philco Mica Condensers" (PDF). Philco Serviceman: 3. May 1937.
"RCA Ceramic Capacitor Color Code Charts" (PDF). Service: 49. May 1945.
"How to Read the Condenser Color Codes" (PDF). National Radio News: 8. February–March 1949.
"Advertisement, MILO Radio & Electronics Corp" (PDF). Electronics: 184. March 1950. New CLA and CL-1 insulated chokes, readily identified with RMA color coding in microhenries.
Metalic rectifiers and Crystal Diodes (PDF). September 1958. p. 4-13.
Radio Data Book (PDF). 1950. p. 7.
"Reading Resistor Values" (PDF). Practical Television: 459. June 1961.
"Colour-Coding of Low-Valued Resistors" (PDF). Radio and Electrical Review: 18. August 1958. a 47 ohm resistor would read "Yellow, Mauve, Black"
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Official Radio Service Manual (PDF). 1933. p. 563.
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Alfred A. Ghirardi (1943). "Sec. 34". Radio-Troubleshooter's-Handbook (PDF). p. 634.
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"Which Resistor?" (PDF). Maplin Magazine: 44. December 1986.
R. A. Penfold (1987). "Colour Codes". Electronic Hobbyists Handbook (PDF). p. 13.
RADIOTRON DESIGNER'S HANDBOOK (PDF). 1952. p. 1336.
"Components for TV" (PDF). Practical Television: 421. June 1980.
THE ELECTRONIC EXPERIMENTER'S MANUAL (PDF). 1959. p. 26.
"Editor's Memo" (PDF). Electronic Technician: 6. July 1962.

Electronic color code (English Wikipedia)

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