Electronics (English Wikipedia)

Sōgo Okamura (1994). History of Electron Tubes. IOS Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-9051991451. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
Moskowitz, Sanford L. (2016). Advanced Materials Innovation: Managing Global Technology in the 21st century. John Wiley & Sons. p. 168. ISBN 978-0470508923. Archived from the original on 5 November 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
Chan, Yi-Jen (1992). Studies of InAIAs/InGaAs and GaInP/GaAs heterostructure FET's for high speed applications. University of Michigan. p. 1. Archived from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2019. The Si MOSFET has revolutionized the electronics industry and as a result impacts our daily lives in almost every conceivable way.
Grant, Duncan Andrew; Gowar, John (1989). Power MOSFETS: theory and applications. Wiley. p. 1. ISBN 978-0471828679. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2019. The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is the most commonly used active device in the very large-scale integration of digital integrated circuits (VLSI). During the 1970s these components revolutionized electronic signal processing, control systems and computers.
Golio, Mike; Golio, Janet (2018). RF and Microwave Passive and Active Technologies. CRC Press. p. 18-2. ISBN 978-1420006728. Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
Colinge, Jean-Pierre; Greer, James C. (2016). Nanowire Transistors: Physics of Devices and Materials in One Dimension. Cambridge University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-1107052406. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
Brown, Stephen; Vranesic, Zvonko (2008). Fundamentals of Digital Logic (e-book). McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0077144227. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022.

computerhistory.org (Global: 2,702^nd place; English: 1,789^th place)

"1947: Invention of the Point-Contact Transistor". Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
"Tortoise of Transistors Wins the Race – CHM Revolution". Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on 10 March 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
"Who Invented the Transistor?". Computer History Museum. 4 December 2013. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
"13 Sextillion & Counting: The Long & Winding Road to the Most Frequently Manufactured Human Artifact in History". Computer History Museum. 2 April 2018. Archived from the original on 28 July 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2019.

csis.org (Global: 2,377^th place; English: 1,686^th place)

Lewis, James Andrew: "Strengthening a Transnational Semiconductor Industry", Archived 13 September 2022 at the Wayback Machine June 2, 2022, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), retrieved September 12, 2022

deloitte.com (Global: 4,876^th place; English: 4,621^st place)

www2.deloitte.com

"Semiconductors – the Next Wave" (PDF). Deloitte. April 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 October 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.

dictionnaire-academie.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

française, Académie. "électronique | Dictionnaire de l'Académie française | 9e édition". www.dictionnaire-academie.fr (in French). Retrieved 26 May 2024.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Guarnieri, M. (2012). "The age of vacuum tubes: Early devices and the rise of radio communications". IEEE Ind. Electron. Mag. 6 (1): 41–43. Bibcode:2012IIEM....6a..41G. doi:10.1109/MIE.2012.2182822. S2CID 23351454.
Huff, Howard; Riordan, Michael (1 September 2007). "Frosch and Derick: Fifty Years Later (Foreword)". The Electrochemical Society Interface. 16 (3): 29. doi:10.1149/2.F02073IF. ISSN 1064-8208.
Frosch, C. J.; Derick, L (1957). "Surface Protection and Selective Masking during Diffusion in Silicon". Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 104 (9): 547. doi:10.1149/1.2428650.
Kahng, Dawon (March 1991) [Orig. pub. 1961]. "Silicon-Silicon Dioxide Surface Device". In Sze, Simon Min (ed.). Semiconductor Devices: Pioneering Papers (2nd ed.). World Scientific. pp. 583–596. doi:10.1142/1087. ISBN 978-981-02-0209-5.
Ligenza, J.R.; Spitzer, W.G. (1960). "The mechanisms for silicon oxidation in steam and oxygen". Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 14: 131–136. Bibcode:1960JPCS...14..131L. doi:10.1016/0022-3697(60)90219-5.
Motoyoshi, M. (2009). "Through-Silicon Via (TSV)". Proceedings of the IEEE. 97 (1): 43–48. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2008.2007462. ISSN 0018-9219. S2CID 29105721.
Bose, Bimal K, ed. (1996). Power Electronics and Variable Frequency Drives: Technology and Applications. Wiley Online Library. doi:10.1002/9780470547113. ISBN 978-0470547113. S2CID 107126716.
J. Lienig; H. Bruemmer (2017). Fundamentals of Electronic Systems Design. Springer International Publishing. p. 1. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55840-0. ISBN 978-3319558394.

eetimes.com (Global: 4,224^th place; English: 2,761^st place)

"Transistors Keep Moore's Law Alive". EETimes. 12 December 2018. Archived from the original on 24 September 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2019.

elsevier.com (Global: 365^th place; English: 372^nd place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Ligenza, J.R.; Spitzer, W.G. (1960). "The mechanisms for silicon oxidation in steam and oxygen". Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 14: 131–136. Bibcode:1960JPCS...14..131L. doi:10.1016/0022-3697(60)90219-5.

forbes.com (Global: 71^st place; English: 54^th place)

Shih, Willy (Harvard Business School): "Congress Is Giving Billions To The U.S. Semiconductor Industry. Will It Ease Chip Shortages?" Archived 3 July 2023 at the Wayback Machine transcript, August 3, 2022, Forbes, retrieved September 12, 2022

iop.org (Global: 1,046^th place; English: 1,608^th place)

iopscience.iop.org

Huff, Howard; Riordan, Michael (1 September 2007). "Frosch and Derick: Fifty Years Later (Foreword)". The Electrochemical Society Interface. 16 (3): 29. doi:10.1149/2.F02073IF. ISSN 1064-8208.
Frosch, C. J.; Derick, L (1957). "Surface Protection and Selective Masking during Diffusion in Silicon". Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 104 (9): 547. doi:10.1149/1.2428650.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

"Definition of ELECTRONICS". www.merriam-webster.com. 21 May 2024. Retrieved 26 May 2024.

natechnology.in (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Consumer electronics industry in the year 1960s". NaTechnology. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.

nobelprize.org (Global: 265^th place; English: 450^th place)

"The History of the Integrated Circuit". Nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2012.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Daniels, Lee A. (28 May 1992). "Dr. Dawon Kahng, 61, Inventor in Field of Solid-State Electronics". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2017.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Guarnieri, M. (2012). "The age of vacuum tubes: Early devices and the rise of radio communications". IEEE Ind. Electron. Mag. 6 (1): 41–43. Bibcode:2012IIEM....6a..41G. doi:10.1109/MIE.2012.2182822. S2CID 23351454.
Motoyoshi, M. (2009). "Through-Silicon Via (TSV)". Proceedings of the IEEE. 97 (1): 43–48. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2008.2007462. ISSN 0018-9219. S2CID 29105721.
Bose, Bimal K, ed. (1996). Power Electronics and Variable Frequency Drives: Technology and Applications. Wiley Online Library. doi:10.1002/9780470547113. ISBN 978-0470547113. S2CID 107126716.

semiconductors.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Annual Semiconductor Sales Increase 21.6 Percent, Top $400 Billion for First Time". Semiconductor Industry Association. 5 February 2018. Archived from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2019.

smh.com.au (Global: 154^th place; English: 94^th place)

"Intel to deliver first computer chip with two billion transistors". The Sydney Morning Herald. 5 February 2008. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022.

unctad.org (Global: 7,424^th place; English: 5,929^th place)

"Global e-commerce sales surged to $29 trillion". UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD). 29 March 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2026.
"Global e-Commerce sales surged to $29 trillion". United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 29 March 2019. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 13 October 2019.

uni-marburg.de (Global: 7,233^rd place; English: low place)

"Urvater der Kommunikationsgesellschaft: Ferdinand Braun – Student und Professor in Marburg – kam vor 150 Jahren zur Welt" [Forefather of the communications society: Ferdinand Braun – student and professor in Marburg – was born 150 years ago] (PDF) (in German). Philipps-Universität Marburg. 17 December 2007. Retrieved 5 September 2025.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"This Month in Physics History - October 1897: The Discovery of the Electron". American Physical Society. Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
"1947: Invention of the Point-Contact Transistor". Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
Sōgo Okamura (1994). History of Electron Tubes. IOS Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-9051991451. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
Moskowitz, Sanford L. (2016). Advanced Materials Innovation: Managing Global Technology in the 21st century. John Wiley & Sons. p. 168. ISBN 978-0470508923. Archived from the original on 5 November 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
"Tortoise of Transistors Wins the Race – CHM Revolution". Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on 10 March 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
"Transistors Keep Moore's Law Alive". EETimes. 12 December 2018. Archived from the original on 24 September 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
Chan, Yi-Jen (1992). Studies of InAIAs/InGaAs and GaInP/GaAs heterostructure FET's for high speed applications. University of Michigan. p. 1. Archived from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2019. The Si MOSFET has revolutionized the electronics industry and as a result impacts our daily lives in almost every conceivable way.
Grant, Duncan Andrew; Gowar, John (1989). Power MOSFETS: theory and applications. Wiley. p. 1. ISBN 978-0471828679. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2019. The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is the most commonly used active device in the very large-scale integration of digital integrated circuits (VLSI). During the 1970s these components revolutionized electronic signal processing, control systems and computers.
"Who Invented the Transistor?". Computer History Museum. 4 December 2013. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
Golio, Mike; Golio, Janet (2018). RF and Microwave Passive and Active Technologies. CRC Press. p. 18-2. ISBN 978-1420006728. Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
Daniels, Lee A. (28 May 1992). "Dr. Dawon Kahng, 61, Inventor in Field of Solid-State Electronics". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
Colinge, Jean-Pierre; Greer, James C. (2016). Nanowire Transistors: Physics of Devices and Materials in One Dimension. Cambridge University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-1107052406. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
"The History of the Integrated Circuit". Nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
"Intel to deliver first computer chip with two billion transistors". The Sydney Morning Herald. 5 February 2008. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
Brown, Stephen; Vranesic, Zvonko (2008). Fundamentals of Digital Logic (e-book). McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0077144227. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
"PCB design made easy for every engineer". Autodesk. 19 April 2023. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
"Annual Semiconductor Sales Increase 21.6 Percent, Top $400 Billion for First Time". Semiconductor Industry Association. 5 February 2018. Archived from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
"Semiconductors – the Next Wave" (PDF). Deloitte. April 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 October 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
"Global e-Commerce sales surged to $29 trillion". United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 29 March 2019. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
"13 Sextillion & Counting: The Long & Winding Road to the Most Frequently Manufactured Human Artifact in History". Computer History Museum. 2 April 2018. Archived from the original on 28 July 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
"Consumer electronics industry in the year 1960s". NaTechnology. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
Shih, Willy (Harvard Business School): "Congress Is Giving Billions To The U.S. Semiconductor Industry. Will It Ease Chip Shortages?" Archived 3 July 2023 at the Wayback Machine transcript, August 3, 2022, Forbes, retrieved September 12, 2022
Lewis, James Andrew: "Strengthening a Transnational Semiconductor Industry", Archived 13 September 2022 at the Wayback Machine June 2, 2022, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), retrieved September 12, 2022

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Huff, Howard; Riordan, Michael (1 September 2007). "Frosch and Derick: Fifty Years Later (Foreword)". The Electrochemical Society Interface. 16 (3): 29. doi:10.1149/2.F02073IF. ISSN 1064-8208.
Motoyoshi, M. (2009). "Through-Silicon Via (TSV)". Proceedings of the IEEE. 97 (1): 43–48. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2008.2007462. ISSN 0018-9219. S2CID 29105721.

worldscientific.com (Global: low place; English: 6,878^th place)

Kahng, Dawon (March 1991) [Orig. pub. 1961]. "Silicon-Silicon Dioxide Surface Device". In Sze, Simon Min (ed.). Semiconductor Devices: Pioneering Papers (2nd ed.). World Scientific. pp. 583–596. doi:10.1142/1087. ISBN 978-981-02-0209-5.

Electronics (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

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aps.org (Global: 1,264th place; English: 951st place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

autodesk.com (Global: low place; English: 8,250th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

computerhistory.org (Global: 2,702nd place; English: 1,789th place)

csis.org (Global: 2,377th place; English: 1,686th place)

deloitte.com (Global: 4,876th place; English: 4,621st place)

www2.deloitte.com

dictionnaire-academie.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

eetimes.com (Global: 4,224th place; English: 2,761st place)

elsevier.com (Global: 365th place; English: 372nd place)

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forbes.com (Global: 71st place; English: 54th place)

iop.org (Global: 1,046th place; English: 1,608th place)

iopscience.iop.org

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425th place; English: 373rd place)

natechnology.in (Global: low place; English: low place)

nobelprize.org (Global: 265th place; English: 450th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

semiconductors.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

smh.com.au (Global: 154th place; English: 94th place)

unctad.org (Global: 7,424th place; English: 5,929th place)

uni-marburg.de (Global: 7,233rd place; English: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

worldscientific.com (Global: low place; English: 6,878th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

aps.org (Global: 1,264^th place; English: 951^st place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

autodesk.com (Global: low place; English: 8,250^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

computerhistory.org (Global: 2,702^nd place; English: 1,789^th place)

csis.org (Global: 2,377^th place; English: 1,686^th place)

deloitte.com (Global: 4,876^th place; English: 4,621^st place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

eetimes.com (Global: 4,224^th place; English: 2,761^st place)

elsevier.com (Global: 365^th place; English: 372^nd place)

forbes.com (Global: 71^st place; English: 54^th place)

iop.org (Global: 1,046^th place; English: 1,608^th place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

nobelprize.org (Global: 265^th place; English: 450^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

smh.com.au (Global: 154^th place; English: 94^th place)

unctad.org (Global: 7,424^th place; English: 5,929^th place)

uni-marburg.de (Global: 7,233^rd place; English: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

worldscientific.com (Global: low place; English: 6,878^th place)