References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Elephanta Caves" in the English version

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Dhavalikar, M. K. (Madhukar Keshav) (2007). Elephanta. Archaeological Survey of India. p. 75. ISBN 9788190486606. There are remains of a brick built Buddhist stupa nearby which may belong to circa second century BC. Around it are seven smaller stupas, which may be votive.

David Kinsley (1988). Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition. University of California Press. pp. 49–52. ISBN 978-0-520-90883-3.

James G. Lochtefeld (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-8239-3179-8.

Madhukar Keshav Dhavalikar (2007). Elephanta. Archaeological Survey of India. p. 29. ISBN 978-81-904866-0-6.

Dhavalikar, M. K. (Madhukar Keshav) (2007). Elephanta. Archaeological Survey of India. pp. 74–75. ISBN 9788190486606.

Madhukar Keshav Dhavalikar (2007). Elephanta. Archaeological Survey of India. pp. 73–76. ISBN 978-81-904866-0-6.

A Guide To Elephanta. 1934. p. 10.

James Campbell (1882). Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency. Government Central Press. pp. 84–85.

books.google.com

Trudy Ring; Robert M. Salkin; Sharon La Boda (1994). "Elephanta Island". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania. Taylor & Francis. pp. 252–5. ISBN 978-1-884964-04-6.

Carmel Berkson; Wendy Doniger; George Michell (1999). Elephanta: The Cave of Śiva. Princeton University Press (Motilal Banarsidass, Reprint). pp. 3–5. ISBN 978-81-208-1284-0.

Brockman, Norbert (2011). Encyclopedia of Sacred Places. ABC-CLIO. p. 153. ISBN 9781598846546.

Brunn, Stanley D. (2015). The Changing World Religion Map: Sacred Places, Identities, Practices and Politics. Springer. p. 514. ISBN 9789401793766.

Stella Kramrisch (1988). The Presence of Siva. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 443–445. ISBN 978-81-208-0491-3.

Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Infobase. pp. 148–149. ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5.

Stella Kramrisch (1988). The Presence of Siva. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 443–459. ISBN 978-81-208-0491-3.

George Michell (2015). Elephanta. Jaico. pp. 1–4, 30–33, 96–98. ISBN 978-8-184-95603-0.

Walter M. Spink (2005). Ajanta: The end of the Golden Age. BRILL Academic. pp. 182–183. ISBN 90-04-14832-9.

Charles Dillard Collins (1988). The Iconography and Ritual of Siva at Elephanta: On Life, Illumination, and Being. State University of New York Press. pp. 1–2, 20–27. ISBN 978-0-88706-773-0.

Sharon La Boda (1994). International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania. Taylor & Francis. p. 254. ISBN 978-1-884964-04-6.

Carmel Berkson; Wendy Doniger; George Michell (1999). Elephanta: The Cave of Shiva. Princeton University Press (Motilal Banarsidass, Reprint). pp. 10–13, 46, 64. ISBN 978-81-208-1284-0.

Charles Dillard Collins (1988). The Iconography and Ritual of Siva at Elephanta: On Life, Illumination, and Being. State University of New York Press. pp. x item 31, 98–99. ISBN 978-0-88706-773-0., Quote: "31. Elephanta, Standing Vishnu with attendants (damaged)"

Elephanta: The Cave of Shiva. Motilal Banarsidass. 1999. p. 5. ISBN 9788120812840.

Carmel Berkson; Wendy Doniger; George Michell (1999). Elephanta: The Cave of Shiva. Princeton University Press (Motilal Banarsidass, Reprint). pp. 17–21. ISBN 978-81-208-1284-0.

Stella Kramrisch (1988). The Presence of Siva. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 444–445. ISBN 978-81-208-0491-3.

Carmel Berkson; Wendy Doniger; George Michell (1999). Elephanta: The Cave of Shiva. Princeton University Press (Motilal Banarsidass, Reprint). pp. 32–36. ISBN 978-81-208-1284-0.

Stella Kramrisch (1988). The Presence of Siva. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 450–451. ISBN 978-81-208-0491-3.

Stella Kramrisch (1988). The Presence of Siva. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 445–447. ISBN 978-81-208-0491-3.

Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Infobase. pp. 148–149. ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5.

Carmel Berkson; Wendy Doniger; George Michell (1999). Elephanta: The Cave of Shiva. Princeton University Press (Motilal Banarsidass, Reprint). pp. xiv–xvi, 12–14. ISBN 978-81-208-1284-0.

Carmel Berkson; Wendy Doniger; George Michell (1999). Elephanta: The Cave of Shiva. Princeton University Press (Motilal Banarsidass, Reprint). pp. xvi–xvii, 13–14, 24, 46–47. ISBN 978-81-208-1284-0.

Stella Kramrisch (1988). The Presence of Siva. Princeton University Press (Reprint: Motilal Banarsidass). pp. 452–454. ISBN 978-81-208-0491-3.

Charles Dillard Collins (1988). The Iconography and Ritual of Siva at Elephanta: On Life, Illumination, and Being. State University of New York Press. pp. 76–81. ISBN 978-0-88706-773-0.

Jackie Menzies (2006). Goddess: divine energy. Art Gallery of New South Wales. pp. 14–15. ISBN 978-0734763969.

Stella Kramrisch (1988). The Presence of Siva. Princeton University Press (Reprint: Motilal Banarsidass). pp. 451–452. ISBN 978-81-208-0491-3.

Carmel Berkson; Wendy Doniger; George Michell (1999). Elephanta: The Cave of Shiva. Princeton University Press (Motilal Banarsidass, Reprint). pp. 7–14, 24. ISBN 978-81-208-1284-0.

Charles Dillard Collins (1988). The Iconography and Ritual of Siva at Elephanta: On Life, Illumination, and Being. State University of New York Press. pp. 1–3. ISBN 978-0-88706-773-0.

Carmel Berkson; Wendy Doniger; George Michell (1999). Elephanta: The Cave of Shiva. Princeton University Press (Motilal Banarsidass, Reprint). pp. 8–15, 35–36. ISBN 978-81-208-1284-0.

Stella Kramrisch (1988). The Presence of Siva. Princeton University Press (Reprint: Motilal Banarsidass). pp. 455–458, 460–461. ISBN 978-81-208-0491-3.

Charles Dillard Collins (1988). The Iconography and Ritual of Siva at Elephanta: On Life, Illumination, and Being. State University of New York Press. pp. 57–65. ISBN 978-0-88706-773-0.

Stella Kramrisch (1988). The Presence of Siva. Princeton University Press (Reprint: Motilal Banarsidass). pp. 454–455. ISBN 978-81-208-0491-3.

Stella Kramrisch (1988). The Presence of Siva. Princeton University Press (Reprint: Motilal Banarsidass). pp. 458–459 with footnotes. ISBN 978-81-208-0491-3.

George Michell (2015). Elephanta. Jaico. pp. 34–37. ISBN 978-8-184-95603-0.

Carmel Berkson; Wendy Doniger; George Michell (1999). Elephanta: The Cave of Shiva. Princeton University Press (Motilal Banarsidass, Reprint). pp. 36–39. ISBN 978-81-208-1284-0.

Charles Dillard Collins (1988). The Iconography and Ritual of Siva at Elephanta: On Life, Illumination, and Being. State University of New York Press. pp. 36–47, 52–58, 64. ISBN 978-0-88706-773-0.

Stella Kramrisch (1988). The Presence of Siva. Princeton University Press (Reprint: Motilal Banarsidass). pp. 459–460. ISBN 978-81-208-0491-3.

George Michell (2015). Elephanta. Jaico. pp. 34, 37–38. ISBN 978-8-184-95603-0.

Carmel Berkson; Wendy Doniger; George Michell (1999). Elephanta: The Cave of Shiva. Princeton University Press (Motilal Banarsidass, Reprint). pp. 11–14. ISBN 978-81-208-1284-0.

Carmel Berkson; Wendy Doniger; George Michell (1999). Elephanta: The Cave of Shiva. Princeton University Press (Motilal Banarsidass, Reprint). pp. 24–25. ISBN 978-81-208-1284-0.

Charles Dillard Collins (1988). The Iconography and Ritual of Siva at Elephanta: On Life, Illumination, and Being. State University of New York Press. pp. 102–105. ISBN 978-0-88706-773-0.

Stella Kramrisch (1988). The Presence of Siva. Princeton University Press (Reprint: Motilal Banarsidass). p. 458. ISBN 978-81-208-0491-3.

Carmel Berkson; Wendy Doniger; George Michell (1999). Elephanta: The Cave of Shiva. Princeton University Press (Motilal Banarsidass, Reprint). pp. 23–24. ISBN 978-81-208-1284-0.

Charles Dillard Collins (1988). The Iconography and Ritual of Siva at Elephanta: On Life, Illumination, and Being. State University of New York Press. pp. 41–46. ISBN 978-0-88706-773-0.

Stella Kramrisch (1988). The Presence of Siva. Princeton University Press (Reprint: Motilal Banarsidass). pp. 445–446. ISBN 978-81-208-0491-3.

Trudy Ring; Robert M. Salkin; Sharon La Boda (1994). "Elephanta Island". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania. Taylor & Francis. pp. 252–5. ISBN 978-1-884964-04-6.

Carmel Berkson; Wendy Doniger; George Michell (1999). Elephanta: The Cave of Shiva. Princeton University Press (Motilal Banarsidass, Reprint). pp. 22–23. ISBN 978-81-208-1284-0.

Sara L. Schastok (1985). The Śāmalājī Sculptures and 6th Century Art in Western India. BRILL Academic. pp. 85–87. ISBN 90-04-06941-0.

Charles Dillard Collins (1988). The Iconography and Ritual of Siva at Elephanta: On Life, Illumination, and Being. State University of New York Press. pp. 102–109. ISBN 978-0-88706-773-0.

Charles Dillard Collins (1988). The Iconography and Ritual of Siva at Elephanta: On Life, Illumination, and Being. State University of New York Press. pp. 141–142. ISBN 978-0-88706-773-0.

Charles Dillard Collins (1988). The Iconography and Ritual of Siva at Elephanta: On Life, Illumination, and Being. State University of New York Press. pp. 102–104. ISBN 978-0-88706-773-0.

George Michell (2015). Elephanta. Jaico. pp. 90–92. ISBN 978-8-184-95603-0.

"Long before the Brahmans selected Elephanta for their temple to the Great God, the Hinayana Buddhists came to the island for more or less the same purpose, to raise a monument to the Buddha." Kail, Owen C. (1984). Elephanta, the island of mystery. Taraporevala. p. 19.

George Michell (2015). Elephanta. Jaico. p. 112. ISBN 978-8-184-95603-0.

George Michell (2015). Elephanta. Jaico. pp. 90–93. ISBN 978-8-184-95603-0.

S.N. Chakravarti (1955). The Image of Brahma from Elephanta. Vol. Lalit Kala. Issue 1–5. Lalit Kala Akademi. pp. 87–89.

Sara L. Schastok (1985). The Śāmalājī Sculptures and 6th Century Art in Western India. BRILL Academic. pp. 43–44, 51–52. ISBN 90-04-06941-0.

J. Ovington (1994). A Voyage to Surat in the Year 1689. Asian Educational Services. pp. 97–104 with footnotes. ISBN 978-81-206-0945-7.

"Long before the Brahmans selected Elephanta for their temple to the Great God, the Hinayana Buddhists came to the island for more or less the same purpose, to raise a monument to the Buddha. To the early Buddhists a stupa was an object of supreme veneration..." in Kail, Owen C. (1984). Elephanta, the island of mystery. Taraporevala. p. 19.

Carmel Berkson; Wendy Doniger; George Michell (1999). Elephanta: The Cave of Shiva. Princeton University Press (Motilal Banarsidass, Reprint). pp. 3–6, 47–48. ISBN 978-81-208-1284-0.

Sara L. Schastok (1985). The Śāmalājī Sculptures and 6th Century Art in Western India. BRILL Academic. pp. 43–44. ISBN 90-04-06941-0.

Charles Dillard Collins (1988). The Iconography and Ritual of Siva at Elephanta: On Life, Illumination, and Being. State University of New York Press. pp. 31–39. ISBN 978-0-88706-773-0.

Carmel Berkson; Wendy Doniger; George Michell (1999). Elephanta: The Cave of Shiva. Princeton University Press (Motilal Banarsidass, Reprint). pp. 38–39. ISBN 978-81-208-1284-0.

Carmel Berkson; Wendy Doniger; George Michell (1999). Elephanta: The Cave of Shiva. Princeton University Press (Motilal Banarsidass, Reprint). pp. 41–45. ISBN 978-81-208-1284-0.

Sir William Foster; Sir Evan Cotton; L.M. Anstey (2017). Bombay in the Days of Queen Anne. Taylor & Francis. pp. 86, 157, note 3. ISBN 978-1-317-17337-3.

N. S. Ramaswami (1971). Indian Monuments. Abhinav. pp. 42–54. ISBN 978-0-89684-091-1.

Preeti Chopra (2011). A Joint Enterprise: Indian Elites and the Making of British Bombay. University of Minnesota Press. pp. 200–201. ISBN 978-0-8166-7036-9.

Melville, Herman (1892). Moby Dick. Boston: St. Botolph Society. pp. 39, 250.

Maugham, W. Somerset (26 January 2011). The Razor's Edge. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-78508-4.

doi.org

Meister, Michael W. (1986). "Regional Variations in Matrka Conventions". Artibus Asiae. 47 (3/4): 233–262. doi:10.2307/3249973. ISSN 0004-3648. JSTOR 3249973.

Collins, Charles D. (1982). "Elephanta and the Ritual of the Lakulīśa-Pāśupatas". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 102 (4). American Oriental Society: 605–609. doi:10.2307/601969. JSTOR 601969.

Collins, Charles D. (1982). "Elephanta and the Ritual of the Lakulīśa-Pāśupatas". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 102 (4). American Oriental Society: 605–617. doi:10.2307/601969. JSTOR 601969.

jstor.org

Sharma, Brijendra Nath (1973), "Rāvaṇa Lifting Mount Kailāsa in Indian Art", East and West, 23 (3/4): 327–338, JSTOR 29755892

Meister, Michael W. (1986). "Regional Variations in Matrka Conventions". Artibus Asiae. 47 (3/4): 233–262. doi:10.2307/3249973. ISSN 0004-3648. JSTOR 3249973.

unesco.org

whc.unesco.org

Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Elephanta Caves". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 30 March 2023.

"Elephanta Caves" (PDF). Unesco. Retrieved 10 February 2010.

"Elephanta Caves". Works Heritage: Unesco.org. Retrieved 10 February 2010.

"UNESCO State of Conservation Report: India, Elephanta Caves" (PDF). World Heritage: unesco.org. 2003. Retrieved 10 February 2010.

web.archive.org

James Burgess (some additions by Indraji) (1872). "Elephanta". Gazetter Government of Maharashtra. Archived from the original on 25 November 2009. Retrieved 11 February 2010.

"World Heritage Sites – Elephanta Caves". Official site of ASI. Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), Government of India. Archived from the original on 21 October 2008. Retrieved 16 February 2010.

Basalt: Elephanta Mahishasuramardini Archived 7 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya, Maharashtra, Mid 6th century AD

Benoy K. Behl. "Simply grand". Frontline. 24 (23). the publishers of The Hindu. Archived from the original on 16 February 2010. Retrieved 16 February 2010.

Digital Image Archive: Leiden University Archived 7 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine, The Netherlands

Elephanta Caves (English Wikipedia)

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