Elf (English Wikipedia)

Hall (2007), pp. 88–89, 141; Green (2003); Hall (2006). Hall, Alaric (2007). Elves in Anglo-Saxon England: Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-294-2. Green, Richard Firth (2003). "Changing Chaucer". Studies in the Age of Chaucer. 25: 27–52. doi:10.1353/sac.2003.0047. S2CID 201747051. Hall, Alaric (2006). "Elves on the Brain: Chaucer, Old English and Elvish" (PDF). Anglia: Zeitschrift für englische Philologie. 124 (2): 225–243. doi:10.1515/ANGL.2006.225. S2CID 161779788.
Hall (2004), p. 40. Hall, Alaric Timothy Peter (2004). The Meanings of Elf and Elves in Medieval England (PDF) (PhD). University of Glasgow.
Hall (2014). Hall, Alaric (2014), "Elves", in Weinstock, Jeffrey Andrew (ed.), The Ashgate Encyclopedia of Literary and Cinematic Monsters (PDF), Ashgate, archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2016, retrieved 26 June 2017
Hall (2008). Hall, Alaric (February 2008). "Hoe Keltisch zijn elfen eigenlijk?" [How Celtic are the Fairies?]. Kelten (in Dutch). 37: 2–5. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
Hall (2006), p. 242. Hall, Alaric (2006). "Elves on the Brain: Chaucer, Old English and Elvish" (PDF). Anglia: Zeitschrift für englische Philologie. 124 (2): 225–243. doi:10.1515/ANGL.2006.225. S2CID 161779788.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Orel (2003), p. 13. Orel, Vladimir E. (2003). A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-12875-0.
Kuhn (1855), p. 110; Schrader (1890), p. 163. Kuhn, Adalbert (1855). "Die sprachvergleichung und die urgeschichte der indogermanischen völker". Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung. 4.. Schrader, Otto (1890). Prehistoric Antiquities of the Aryan Peoples. Frank Byron Jevons (tr.). Charles Griffin & Company. p. 163..
Reaney, P. H.; Wilson, R. M. (1997). A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press. pp. 6, 9. ISBN 978-0-19-860092-3.
Paul, Hermann (1900). Grundriss der germanischen philologie unter mitwirkung. K. J. Trübner. p. 268.
Dumézil (1973), p. 3. Dumézil, Georges (1973). Gods of the Ancient Northmen. University of California Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-520-02044-3.
Olrik, Axel (1894). "Skjoldungasaga in Arngrim Jonssons Udtog". Aarbøger for nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie: 130–131.
"Die aufnahme des Wortes knüpft an Wielands Übersetzung von Shakespeares Sommernachtstraum 1764 und and Herders Voklslieder 1774 (Werke 25, 42) an"; Kluge, Friedrich (1899). Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache (6th ed.). Strassbourg: K. J. Trübner. p. 93.
Spence (1946), pp. 53–64, 115–131. Spence, Lewis (1946). British Fairy Origins. Watts.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Kuhn (1855), p. 110; Schrader (1890), p. 163. Kuhn, Adalbert (1855). "Die sprachvergleichung und die urgeschichte der indogermanischen völker". Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung. 4.. Schrader, Otto (1890). Prehistoric Antiquities of the Aryan Peoples. Frank Byron Jevons (tr.). Charles Griffin & Company. p. 163..
Althof, Hermann, ed. (1902). Das Waltharilied. Dieterich. p. 114.
Jolly (1996). Jolly, Karen Louise (1996). Popular Religion in Late Saxon England: Elf Charms in Context. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-2262-3.
Carlyle (1788), i 68, stanza II. 1749 date of composition is given on p. 63. Carlyle, Alexander, ed. (1788). "An Ode on the Popular Superstitions of the Highlands. Written by the late William Collins". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. i: 68.
Jolly (1998). Jolly, Karen Louise (1998). "Elves in the Psalms? The Experience of Evil from a Cosmic Perspective". In Ferreiro, Alberto; Russell, Jeffrey Burton (eds.). The Devil, Heresy and Witchcraft in the Middle Ages: Essays in Honor of Jeffrey B. Russell. Cultures, Beliefs and Traditions. Vol. 6. Leiden: Brill. pp. 19–44. ISBN 978-9-0041-0610-9.
Keightley (1850), p. 53. Keightley, Thomas (1850) [1828]. The Fairy Mythology. Vol. 1. H. G. Bohn. Vol.2
Simek, Rudolf (2011). "Elves and Exorcism: Runic and Other Lead Amulets in Medieval Popular Religion". In Anlezark, Daniel (ed.). Myths, Legends, and Heroes: Essays on Old Norse and Old English Literature in Honour of John McKinnell. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 25–52. ISBN 978-0-8020-9947-1. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
Grimm (1883b), p. 463. Grimm, Jacob (1883b). "XVII. Wights and Elves". Teutonic mythology. Vol. 2. Translated by James Steven Stallybrass. pp. 439–517.
In Lexer's Middle High German dictionary under alp, alb is an example: Pf. arzb. 2 14b= Pfeiffer (1863), p. 44 (Pfeiffer, F. (1863). "Arzenîbuch 2= Bartholomäus" (Mitte 13. Jh.)". Zwei deutsche Arzneibücher aus dem 12. und 13. Jh. Wien.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)): "Swen der alp triuget, rouchet er sich mit der verbena, ime enwirret als pald niht;" meaning: 'When an alp deceives you, fumigate yourself with verbena and the confusion will soon be gone'. The editor glosses alp here as "malicious, teasing spirit" (German: boshafter neckende geist)
Weston, Jessie Laidlay (1903), The legends of the Wagner drama: studies in mythology and romance, C. Scribner's sons, p. 144
Grimm (1883b), p. 453. Grimm, Jacob (1883b). "XVII. Wights and Elves". Teutonic mythology. Vol. 2. Translated by James Steven Stallybrass. pp. 439–517.
Scott (1803), p. 266. Scott, Walter (1803). Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border. Vol. 2. James Ballantyne.
Keightley (1850), pp. 78–. Chapter: "Scandinavia: Elves" Keightley, Thomas (1850) [1828]. The Fairy Mythology. Vol. 1. H. G. Bohn. Vol.2
Keightley (1850), p. 57. Keightley, Thomas (1850) [1828]. The Fairy Mythology. Vol. 1. H. G. Bohn. Vol.2
Grimm (1883b), p. 443. Grimm, Jacob (1883b). "XVII. Wights and Elves". Teutonic mythology. Vol. 2. Translated by James Steven Stallybrass. pp. 439–517.
Hadler, Jeffrey (9 October 2008). Muslims and Matriarchs: Cultural Resilience in Indonesia Through Jihad and ... By Jeffrey Hadler. Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801446979. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
Jolly (1996); Shippey (2005); Green (2016). Jolly, Karen Louise (1996). Popular Religion in Late Saxon England: Elf Charms in Context. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-2262-3. Shippey, Tom (2005), "Alias oves habeo: The Elves as a Category Problem", The Shadow-Walkers: Jacob Grimm's Mythology of the Monstrous, Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 291 / Arizona Studies in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, 14, Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies in collaboration with Brepols, pp. 157–187 Green, Richard Firth (2016). Elf Queens and Holy Friars: Fairy Beliefs and the Medieval Church. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
e.g. Jolly (1992), p. 172 Jolly, Karen Louise (1992). "Magic, Miracle, and Popular Practice in the Early Medieval West: Anglo-Saxon England". In Neusner, Jacob; Frerichs, Ernest S.; Flesher, Paul Virgil McCracken (eds.). Religion, Science, and Magic: In Concert and in Conflict. Oxford University Press. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-19-507911-1.
Westfahl, Gary; Slusser, George Edgar (1999). Nursery Realms: Children in the Worlds of Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror. University of Georgia Press. p. 153. ISBN 9780820321448.

cf.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

orca.cf.ac.uk

Bergman (2011), pp. 62–74. Bergman, Jenni (2011). The Significant Other: A Literary History of Elves (PhD). University of Cardiff.
Bergman (2011). Bergman, Jenni (2011). The Significant Other: A Literary History of Elves (PhD). University of Cardiff.
Bergman (2011), pp. 215–29. Bergman, Jenni (2011). The Significant Other: A Literary History of Elves (PhD). University of Cardiff.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

For discussion of a previous formulation of this sentence, see Jakobsson (2015). Jakobsson, Ármann (2015). "Beware of the Elf! A Note on the Evolving Meaning of Álfar". Folklore. 126 (2): 215–223. doi:10.1080/0015587X.2015.1023511. S2CID 161909641.
Hall (2007), pp. 88–89, 141; Green (2003); Hall (2006). Hall, Alaric (2007). Elves in Anglo-Saxon England: Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-294-2. Green, Richard Firth (2003). "Changing Chaucer". Studies in the Age of Chaucer. 25: 27–52. doi:10.1353/sac.2003.0047. S2CID 201747051. Hall, Alaric (2006). "Elves on the Brain: Chaucer, Old English and Elvish" (PDF). Anglia: Zeitschrift für englische Philologie. 124 (2): 225–243. doi:10.1515/ANGL.2006.225. S2CID 161779788.
Henderson & Cowan (2001); Hall (2005). Henderson, Lizanne; Cowan, Edward J. (2001). Scottish Fairy Belief: A History. East Linton: Tuckwell. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Purkiss (2000), pp. 85–115; Cf. Henderson & Cowan (2001); Hall (2005). Purkiss, Diane (2000). Troublesome Things: A History of Fairies and Fairy Stories. Allen Lane.. Henderson, Lizanne; Cowan, Edward J. (2001). Scottish Fairy Belief: A History. East Linton: Tuckwell. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Hall (2005), p. 23. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Hall (2005). Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Hall (2005), p. 20. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Hall (2005), pp. 20–21. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Hafstein, Valdimar Tr. (2000). "The Elves' Point of View Cultural Identity in Contemporary Icelandic Elf-Tradition" (PDF). Fabula. 41 (1–2): 87–104 (quoting p. 93). doi:10.1515/fabl.2000.41.1-2.87. S2CID 162055463.
Thun, Nils (1969). "The Malignant Elves: Notes on Anglo-Saxon Magic and Germanic Myth". Studia Neophilologica. 41 (2): 378–96. doi:10.1080/00393276908587447.
Belk, Russell W. (Spring 1987). "A Child's Christmas in America: Santa Claus as Deity, Consumption as Religion". The Journal of American Culture. 10 (1): 87–100 (p. 89). doi:10.1111/j.1542-734X.1987.1001_87.x.
Poor, Nathaniel (September 2012). "Digital Elves as a Racial Other in Video Games: Acknowledgment and Avoidance". Games and Culture. 7 (5): 375–396. doi:10.1177/1555412012454224. S2CID 147432832.
Leppälahti (2011), p. 170. Leppälahti, Merja [in Finnish] (2011), "Meeting Between Species: Nonhuman Creatures from Folklore as Character of Fantasy Literature", Traditiones, 40 (3): 169–77, doi:10.3986/Traditio2011400312
Tzeferakos, Georgios A.; Douzenis, Athanasios I. (2017). "Islam, Mental Health and Law: A General Overview". Annals of General Psychiatry. 16 28. doi:10.1186/s12991-017-0150-6. PMC 5498891. PMID 28694841.
Hall (2006), p. 242. Hall, Alaric (2006). "Elves on the Brain: Chaucer, Old English and Elvish" (PDF). Anglia: Zeitschrift für englische Philologie. 124 (2): 225–243. doi:10.1515/ANGL.2006.225. S2CID 161779788.
"Ramos-López, Maximo", Benezit Dictionary of Artists, Oxford University Press, 31 October 2011, doi:10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.b00148677, retrieved 17 March 2025
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Reyes, Jun Cruz (31 December 2022). "Ang Paghahanap Sa Mga Putol-Putol Na Naratibo, O Kung Bakit Mahalagang Buuin Ang Mga Mumunting Kasaysayan". Entrada. doi:10.70922/ppsdk746. ISSN 2362-9045.
Jakobsson (2006); Jakobsson (2015); Shippey (2005); Hall (2007), pp. 16–17, 230–231; Gunnell (2007). Jakobsson, Ármann [in Icelandic] (2006). "The Extreme Emotional Life of Völundr the Elf". Scandinavian Studies. 78 (3): 227–254. JSTOR 40920693. Jakobsson, Ármann (2015). "Beware of the Elf! A Note on the Evolving Meaning of Álfar". Folklore. 126 (2): 215–223. doi:10.1080/0015587X.2015.1023511. S2CID 161909641. Shippey, Tom (2005), "Alias oves habeo: The Elves as a Category Problem", The Shadow-Walkers: Jacob Grimm's Mythology of the Monstrous, Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 291 / Arizona Studies in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, 14, Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies in collaboration with Brepols, pp. 157–187 Hall, Alaric (2007). Elves in Anglo-Saxon England: Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-294-2. Gunnell, Terry (2007), Wawn, Andrew; Johnson, Graham; Walter, John (eds.), "How Elvish were the Álfar?" (PDF), Constructing Nations, Reconstructing Myth: Essays in Honour of T. A. Shippey, Making the Middle Ages, 9, Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 111–30, archived from the original (PDF) on 18 August 2016, retrieved 17 May 2018
Hall (2005), pp. 30–32. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.

estense.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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gla.ac.uk (Global: 2,504^th place; English: 1,408^th place)

eprints.gla.ac.uk

Henderson & Cowan (2001); Hall (2005). Henderson, Lizanne; Cowan, Edward J. (2001). Scottish Fairy Belief: A History. East Linton: Tuckwell. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Purkiss (2000), pp. 85–115; Cf. Henderson & Cowan (2001); Hall (2005). Purkiss, Diane (2000). Troublesome Things: A History of Fairies and Fairy Stories. Allen Lane.. Henderson, Lizanne; Cowan, Edward J. (2001). Scottish Fairy Belief: A History. East Linton: Tuckwell. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Hall (2005), p. 23. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Hall (2005). Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Hall (2005), p. 20. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Hall (2005), pp. 20–21. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Hall (2005), pp. 30–32. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.

helsinki.fi (Global: 1,384^th place; English: 2,463^rd place)

Simek, Rudolf (December 2010). "The Vanir: An Obituary" (PDF). The Retrospective Methods Network Newsletter: 10–19.
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Hafstein, Valdimar Tr. (2000). "The Elves' Point of View Cultural Identity in Contemporary Icelandic Elf-Tradition" (PDF). Fabula. 41 (1–2): 87–104 (quoting p. 93). doi:10.1515/fabl.2000.41.1-2.87. S2CID 162055463.

hi.is (Global: 8,584^th place; English: low place)

Þorgeirsson (2011), pp. 49–50. Þorgeirsson, Haukur (2011). "Álfar í gömlum kveðskap" (PDF). Són (in Icelandic). 9: 49–61.^{[permanent dead link]}
Þorgeirsson (2011), pp. 50–52. Þorgeirsson, Haukur (2011). "Álfar í gömlum kveðskap" (PDF). Són (in Icelandic). 9: 49–61.^{[permanent dead link]}
Þorgeirsson (2011), pp. 52–54. Þorgeirsson, Haukur (2011). "Álfar í gömlum kveðskap" (PDF). Són (in Icelandic). 9: 49–61.^{[permanent dead link]}
Þorgeirsson (2011), pp. 54–58. Þorgeirsson, Haukur (2011). "Álfar í gömlum kveðskap" (PDF). Són (in Icelandic). 9: 49–61.^{[permanent dead link]}
Þorgeirsson (2011), pp. 54–58 on Icelandic evidence. Þorgeirsson, Haukur (2011). "Álfar í gömlum kveðskap" (PDF). Són (in Icelandic). 9: 49–61.^{[permanent dead link]}

icelandreview.com (Global: 7,985^th place; English: 6,463^rd place)

"Icelandreview.com, Iceland Still Believes in Elves and Ghosts". Icelandreview.com. Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 14 June 2012.

ilromagnolo.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

Cuda, Grazia (5 February 2021). "E' Mazapégul" [It's Mazapégul]. Il Romagnolo (in Italian). Retrieved 2 March 2024.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

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Jakobsson (2006), pp. 231–232; Hall (2007), pp. 26–27; Tolley (2009), vol. I, pp. 218–219. Jakobsson, Ármann [in Icelandic] (2006). "The Extreme Emotional Life of Völundr the Elf". Scandinavian Studies. 78 (3): 227–254. JSTOR 40920693. Hall, Alaric (2007). Elves in Anglo-Saxon England: Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-294-2. Tolley, Clive (2009). Shamanism in Norse Myth and Magic. Folklore Fellows' Communications. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica. pp. 296–297, 2 volumes.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
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Tangherlini, Timothy R. (1995). "From Trolls to Turks: Continuity and Change in Danish Legend Tradition". Scandinavian Studies. 67 (1): 32–62. JSTOR 40919729.; cf. Ingwersen (1995), pp. 78–79, 81. Ingwersen, Niels (1995). "The Need for Narrative: The Folktale as Response to History". Scandinavian Studies. 67 (1): 77–90. JSTOR 40919731.
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Jakobsson (2006); Jakobsson (2015); Shippey (2005); Hall (2007), pp. 16–17, 230–231; Gunnell (2007). Jakobsson, Ármann [in Icelandic] (2006). "The Extreme Emotional Life of Völundr the Elf". Scandinavian Studies. 78 (3): 227–254. JSTOR 40920693. Jakobsson, Ármann (2015). "Beware of the Elf! A Note on the Evolving Meaning of Álfar". Folklore. 126 (2): 215–223. doi:10.1080/0015587X.2015.1023511. S2CID 161909641. Shippey, Tom (2005), "Alias oves habeo: The Elves as a Category Problem", The Shadow-Walkers: Jacob Grimm's Mythology of the Monstrous, Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 291 / Arizona Studies in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, 14, Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies in collaboration with Brepols, pp. 157–187 Hall, Alaric (2007). Elves in Anglo-Saxon England: Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-294-2. Gunnell, Terry (2007), Wawn, Andrew; Johnson, Graham; Walter, John (eds.), "How Elvish were the Álfar?" (PDF), Constructing Nations, Reconstructing Myth: Essays in Honour of T. A. Shippey, Making the Middle Ages, 9, Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 111–30, archived from the original (PDF) on 18 August 2016, retrieved 17 May 2018
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nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Tzeferakos, Georgios A.; Douzenis, Athanasios I. (2017). "Islam, Mental Health and Law: A General Overview". Annals of General Psychiatry. 16 28. doi:10.1186/s12991-017-0150-6. PMC 5498891. PMID 28694841.

northvegr.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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"oaf, n.1.^{[permanent dead link]}", "auf(e, n.^{[permanent dead link]}", OED Online, Oxford University Press, June 2018. Accessed 1 September 2018.

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

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romagnaatavola.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

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romagnarepublic.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

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The article Alfkors in Nordisk familjebok (1904).

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Shippey (2005), pp. 180–81; Hall (2007), pp. 23–26; Gunnell (2007), pp. 127–28; Tolley (2009), vol. I, p. 220. Shippey, Tom (2005), "Alias oves habeo: The Elves as a Category Problem", The Shadow-Walkers: Jacob Grimm's Mythology of the Monstrous, Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 291 / Arizona Studies in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, 14, Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies in collaboration with Brepols, pp. 157–187 Hall, Alaric (2007). Elves in Anglo-Saxon England: Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-294-2. Gunnell, Terry (2007), Wawn, Andrew; Johnson, Graham; Walter, John (eds.), "How Elvish were the Álfar?" (PDF), Constructing Nations, Reconstructing Myth: Essays in Honour of T. A. Shippey, Making the Middle Ages, 9, Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 111–30, archived from the original (PDF) on 18 August 2016, retrieved 17 May 2018 Tolley, Clive (2009). Shamanism in Norse Myth and Magic. Folklore Fellows' Communications. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica. pp. 296–297, 2 volumes.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
Jakobsson (2006); Jakobsson (2015); Shippey (2005); Hall (2007), pp. 16–17, 230–231; Gunnell (2007). Jakobsson, Ármann [in Icelandic] (2006). "The Extreme Emotional Life of Völundr the Elf". Scandinavian Studies. 78 (3): 227–254. JSTOR 40920693. Jakobsson, Ármann (2015). "Beware of the Elf! A Note on the Evolving Meaning of Álfar". Folklore. 126 (2): 215–223. doi:10.1080/0015587X.2015.1023511. S2CID 161909641. Shippey, Tom (2005), "Alias oves habeo: The Elves as a Category Problem", The Shadow-Walkers: Jacob Grimm's Mythology of the Monstrous, Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 291 / Arizona Studies in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, 14, Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies in collaboration with Brepols, pp. 157–187 Hall, Alaric (2007). Elves in Anglo-Saxon England: Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-294-2. Gunnell, Terry (2007), Wawn, Andrew; Johnson, Graham; Walter, John (eds.), "How Elvish were the Álfar?" (PDF), Constructing Nations, Reconstructing Myth: Essays in Honour of T. A. Shippey, Making the Middle Ages, 9, Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 111–30, archived from the original (PDF) on 18 August 2016, retrieved 17 May 2018

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For discussion of a previous formulation of this sentence, see Jakobsson (2015). Jakobsson, Ármann (2015). "Beware of the Elf! A Note on the Evolving Meaning of Álfar". Folklore. 126 (2): 215–223. doi:10.1080/0015587X.2015.1023511. S2CID 161909641.
Hall (2007), pp. 88–89, 141; Green (2003); Hall (2006). Hall, Alaric (2007). Elves in Anglo-Saxon England: Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-294-2. Green, Richard Firth (2003). "Changing Chaucer". Studies in the Age of Chaucer. 25: 27–52. doi:10.1353/sac.2003.0047. S2CID 201747051. Hall, Alaric (2006). "Elves on the Brain: Chaucer, Old English and Elvish" (PDF). Anglia: Zeitschrift für englische Philologie. 124 (2): 225–243. doi:10.1515/ANGL.2006.225. S2CID 161779788.
Henderson & Cowan (2001); Hall (2005). Henderson, Lizanne; Cowan, Edward J. (2001). Scottish Fairy Belief: A History. East Linton: Tuckwell. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Purkiss (2000), pp. 85–115; Cf. Henderson & Cowan (2001); Hall (2005). Purkiss, Diane (2000). Troublesome Things: A History of Fairies and Fairy Stories. Allen Lane.. Henderson, Lizanne; Cowan, Edward J. (2001). Scottish Fairy Belief: A History. East Linton: Tuckwell. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Hall (2005), p. 23. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Hall (2005). Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Hall (2005), p. 20. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Hall (2005), pp. 20–21. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Hafstein, Valdimar Tr. (2000). "The Elves' Point of View Cultural Identity in Contemporary Icelandic Elf-Tradition" (PDF). Fabula. 41 (1–2): 87–104 (quoting p. 93). doi:10.1515/fabl.2000.41.1-2.87. S2CID 162055463.
Poor, Nathaniel (September 2012). "Digital Elves as a Racial Other in Video Games: Acknowledgment and Avoidance". Games and Culture. 7 (5): 375–396. doi:10.1177/1555412012454224. S2CID 147432832.
Hall (2006), p. 242. Hall, Alaric (2006). "Elves on the Brain: Chaucer, Old English and Elvish" (PDF). Anglia: Zeitschrift für englische Philologie. 124 (2): 225–243. doi:10.1515/ANGL.2006.225. S2CID 161779788.
Jakobsson (2006); Jakobsson (2015); Shippey (2005); Hall (2007), pp. 16–17, 230–231; Gunnell (2007). Jakobsson, Ármann [in Icelandic] (2006). "The Extreme Emotional Life of Völundr the Elf". Scandinavian Studies. 78 (3): 227–254. JSTOR 40920693. Jakobsson, Ármann (2015). "Beware of the Elf! A Note on the Evolving Meaning of Álfar". Folklore. 126 (2): 215–223. doi:10.1080/0015587X.2015.1023511. S2CID 161909641. Shippey, Tom (2005), "Alias oves habeo: The Elves as a Category Problem", The Shadow-Walkers: Jacob Grimm's Mythology of the Monstrous, Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 291 / Arizona Studies in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, 14, Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies in collaboration with Brepols, pp. 157–187 Hall, Alaric (2007). Elves in Anglo-Saxon England: Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-294-2. Gunnell, Terry (2007), Wawn, Andrew; Johnson, Graham; Walter, John (eds.), "How Elvish were the Álfar?" (PDF), Constructing Nations, Reconstructing Myth: Essays in Honour of T. A. Shippey, Making the Middle Ages, 9, Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 111–30, archived from the original (PDF) on 18 August 2016, retrieved 17 May 2018
Hall (2005), pp. 30–32. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.

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The Saga of Thorstein, Viking's Son Archived 14 April 2005 at the Wayback Machine (Old Norse original: Þorsteins saga Víkingssonar Archived 25 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine). Chapter 1.

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Motz, Lotte (1973). "Of Elves and Dwarves" (PDF). Arv: Tidskrift för Nordisk Folkminnesforskning. 29–30: 99.^{[permanent dead link]}

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Shippey (2005), pp. 180–81; Hall (2007), pp. 23–26; Gunnell (2007), pp. 127–28; Tolley (2009), vol. I, p. 220. Shippey, Tom (2005), "Alias oves habeo: The Elves as a Category Problem", The Shadow-Walkers: Jacob Grimm's Mythology of the Monstrous, Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 291 / Arizona Studies in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, 14, Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies in collaboration with Brepols, pp. 157–187 Hall, Alaric (2007). Elves in Anglo-Saxon England: Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-294-2. Gunnell, Terry (2007), Wawn, Andrew; Johnson, Graham; Walter, John (eds.), "How Elvish were the Álfar?" (PDF), Constructing Nations, Reconstructing Myth: Essays in Honour of T. A. Shippey, Making the Middle Ages, 9, Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 111–30, archived from the original (PDF) on 18 August 2016, retrieved 17 May 2018 Tolley, Clive (2009). Shamanism in Norse Myth and Magic. Folklore Fellows' Communications. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica. pp. 296–297, 2 volumes.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
The Saga of Thorstein, Viking's Son Archived 14 April 2005 at the Wayback Machine (Old Norse original: Þorsteins saga Víkingssonar Archived 25 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine). Chapter 1.
"Novatoadvance.com, Chasing waterfalls ... and elves". Novatoadvance.com. Archived from the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
"Icelandreview.com, Iceland Still Believes in Elves and Ghosts". Icelandreview.com. Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
Hall (2015). Hall, Alaric (2015), Why aren't there any elves in Hellisgerði any more? Elves and the 2008 Icelandic Financial Crisis', working paper, archived from the original on 10 April 2022, retrieved 8 October 2017
Hall (2014). Hall, Alaric (2014), "Elves", in Weinstock, Jeffrey Andrew (ed.), The Ashgate Encyclopedia of Literary and Cinematic Monsters (PDF), Ashgate, archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2016, retrieved 26 June 2017
Hall (2008). Hall, Alaric (February 2008). "Hoe Keltisch zijn elfen eigenlijk?" [How Celtic are the Fairies?]. Kelten (in Dutch). 37: 2–5. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
Campagna, Claudia (28 February 2020). "Mazapegul, il folletto romagnolo" [Mazapegul, the romagnol elf]. Romagna a Tavola (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
Jakobsson (2006); Jakobsson (2015); Shippey (2005); Hall (2007), pp. 16–17, 230–231; Gunnell (2007). Jakobsson, Ármann [in Icelandic] (2006). "The Extreme Emotional Life of Völundr the Elf". Scandinavian Studies. 78 (3): 227–254. JSTOR 40920693. Jakobsson, Ármann (2015). "Beware of the Elf! A Note on the Evolving Meaning of Álfar". Folklore. 126 (2): 215–223. doi:10.1080/0015587X.2015.1023511. S2CID 161909641. Shippey, Tom (2005), "Alias oves habeo: The Elves as a Category Problem", The Shadow-Walkers: Jacob Grimm's Mythology of the Monstrous, Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 291 / Arizona Studies in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, 14, Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies in collaboration with Brepols, pp. 157–187 Hall, Alaric (2007). Elves in Anglo-Saxon England: Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-294-2. Gunnell, Terry (2007), Wawn, Andrew; Johnson, Graham; Walter, John (eds.), "How Elvish were the Álfar?" (PDF), Constructing Nations, Reconstructing Myth: Essays in Honour of T. A. Shippey, Making the Middle Ages, 9, Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 111–30, archived from the original (PDF) on 18 August 2016, retrieved 17 May 2018

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eprints.whiterose.ac.uk

Henderson & Cowan (2001); Hall (2005). Henderson, Lizanne; Cowan, Edward J. (2001). Scottish Fairy Belief: A History. East Linton: Tuckwell. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Purkiss (2000), pp. 85–115; Cf. Henderson & Cowan (2001); Hall (2005). Purkiss, Diane (2000). Troublesome Things: A History of Fairies and Fairy Stories. Allen Lane.. Henderson, Lizanne; Cowan, Edward J. (2001). Scottish Fairy Belief: A History. East Linton: Tuckwell. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Hall (2005), p. 23. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Hall (2005). Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Hall (2005), p. 20. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Hall (2005), pp. 20–21. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.
Hall (2005), pp. 30–32. Hall, Alaric (2005). "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials" (PDF). Folklore. 116 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1080/0015587052000337699. S2CID 53978130. Eprints.whiterose.ac.uk.

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Taylor (2014), pp. 199–251. Taylor, Lynda (2014). The Cultural Significance of Elves in Northern European Balladry (PhD). University of Leeds.
Taylor (2014). Taylor, Lynda (2014). The Cultural Significance of Elves in Northern European Balladry (PhD). University of Leeds.
Taylor (2014), pp. 264–66. Taylor, Lynda (2014). The Cultural Significance of Elves in Northern European Balladry (PhD). University of Leeds.
Taylor (2014), pp. 119–135. Taylor, Lynda (2014). The Cultural Significance of Elves in Northern European Balladry (PhD). University of Leeds.
Cooper, Victoria Elizabeth (2016). Fantasies of the North: Medievalism and Identity in Skyrim (PhD). University of Leeds.

woerterbuchnetz.de (Global: 5,343^rd place; English: low place)

In Lexer's Middle High German dictionary under alp, alb is an example: Pf. arzb. 2 14b= Pfeiffer (1863), p. 44 (Pfeiffer, F. (1863). "Arzenîbuch 2= Bartholomäus" (Mitte 13. Jh.)". Zwei deutsche Arzneibücher aus dem 12. und 13. Jh. Wien.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)): "Swen der alp triuget, rouchet er sich mit der verbena, ime enwirret als pald niht;" meaning: 'When an alp deceives you, fumigate yourself with verbena and the confusion will soon be gone'. The editor glosses alp here as "malicious, teasing spirit" (German: boshafter neckende geist)

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Reyes, Jun Cruz (31 December 2022). "Ang Paghahanap Sa Mga Putol-Putol Na Naratibo, O Kung Bakit Mahalagang Buuin Ang Mga Mumunting Kasaysayan". Entrada. doi:10.70922/ppsdk746. ISSN 2362-9045.

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Manea, Irina-Maria (8 March 2022). "Elves & Dwarves in Norse Mythology". worldhistory.org. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19 December 2022.

Elf (English Wikipedia)

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