Elohim (English Wikipedia)

Strong, James (1890). "H430 - 'elohiym". Strong's Concordance. Blue Letter Bible. Retrieved 1 August 2020. אֱלֹהִים ʼĕlôhîym, el-o-heem; plural of H433 (אֱלוֹהַּ ĕlôah); gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative:—angels, X exceeding, God (gods) (-dess, -ly), X (very) great, judges, X mighty.
"Outline of Biblical Usage". Retrieved 8 August 2019.
"Hebrews 2:7 with Greek". Retrieved 18 March 2013.
"Psalm 8:5 with Greek (8:6 in the LXX)". Retrieved 18 March 2013.
"Elohim as angels in the KJV only in Psalm 8:5 (8:6 in LXX)". Retrieved 18 March 2013.
"Elohim as 'judges' in the KJV". Retrieved 18 March 2013.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

McLaughlin 2000, pp. 401–402. McLaughlin, John L. (2000). "Elohim". In Freedman, David Noel; Myer, Allen C. (eds.). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans. pp. 401–402. ISBN 0-8028-2400-5.
Pardee 1999, pp. 285–288. Pardee, Dennis (1999). "Eloah". In Van der Toorn, Karel; Becking, Bob; Van der Horst, Pieter W. (eds.). Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible (2nd ed.). Leiden: Brill Publishers. pp. 285–288. doi:10.1163/2589-7802_DDDO_DDDO_Eloah. ISBN 90-04-11119-0.
Herrmann, W. (1999). Van der Toorn, Karel; Becking, Bob; Van der Horst, Pieter W. (eds.). El (2nd ed.). Leiden: Brill Publishers. pp. 274–280, 352–353. doi:10.1163/2589-7802_DDDO_DDDO_El. ISBN 90-04-11119-0.
Pardee 1999, p. 285 "The term expressing the simple notion of 'gods' in these texts is ilm...". Pardee, Dennis (1999). "Eloah". In Van der Toorn, Karel; Becking, Bob; Van der Horst, Pieter W. (eds.). Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible (2nd ed.). Leiden: Brill Publishers. pp. 285–288. doi:10.1163/2589-7802_DDDO_DDDO_Eloah. ISBN 90-04-11119-0.
Day 2003, p. 23. Day, John (2003). Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament: Supplement Series. Vol. 265. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. doi:10.2307/3217888. ISBN 978-1-850-75986-7. JSTOR 3217888. S2CID 161791734.
Hamilton, Victor P. (2012). Exodus: An Exegetical Commentary. Baker Academic. ISBN 978-0801031830.
Sameth 2020, p. 108. Sameth, Mark (2020). The Name: A History of the Dual-Gendered Hebrew Name for God. Wipf and Stock. ISBN 978-1-5326-9384-7.
Wilkinson, Robert (2015). Tetragrammaton: Western Christians and the Hebrew Name of God. Boston: Brill. p. 337. ISBN 9789024702039.
Postel, Guillaume (1969). Le thrésor des prophéties de l'univers (in French). Springer. p. 211. ISBN 9789024702039.
Lanci, Michelangelo (1845). Paralipomeni alla illustrazione della sagra Scrittura (in Italian). Dondey-Dupre. pp. 100–113. ISBN 978-1274016911. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Steussy, Marti (2013). Chalice Introduction to the Old Testament. Chalice Press. ISBN 9780827205666.
Smith 2010, p. 134. Smith, Mark S. (2010). God in Translation: Deities in Cross-Cultural Discourse in the Biblical World. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-6433-8.
Stephenson, H. M. (1890) Hulsean Lectures for... lecture 1, page 14
Friedman, Richard Elliott (2019) [1987]. Who Wrote the Bible?. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 10–18. ISBN 978-1-5011-9240-1.
Brettler, Marc Zvi (2004). "Torah: Introduction". In Berlin, Adele; Brettler, Marc Zvi (eds.). The Jewish Study Bible: Featuring The Jewish Publication Society TANAKH Translation. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–7. ISBN 9780195297515.
Dever, William G. (2001). "Getting at the "History behind the History"". What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?: What Archeology Can Tell Us About the Reality of Ancient Israel. Grand Rapids, Michigan and Cambridge, U.K.: Wm. B. Eerdmans. pp. 97–102. ISBN 978-0-8028-2126-3. OCLC 46394298.
Davies, Douglas J. (2003). "Divine–human transformations: God". An Introduction to Mormonism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 67–77. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511610028.004. ISBN 9780511610028. OCLC 438764483. S2CID 146238056.
Dericquebourg, Régis (2021). "Rael and the Raelians". In Zeller, Ben (ed.). Handbook of UFO Religions. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 20. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. pp. 472–490. doi:10.1163/9789004435537_024. ISBN 978-90-04-43437-0. ISSN 1874-6691. S2CID 239738621.
Palmer, Susan J.; Sentes, Bryan (2012). "The International Raëlian Movement". In Hammer, Olav; Rothstein, Mikael (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 167–172. doi:10.1017/CCOL9780521196505.012. ISBN 978-0-521-19650-5. LCCN 2012015440. S2CID 151563721.

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"Elohim - Hebrew god". Encyclopædia Britannica. Edinburgh: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 20 July 1998. Retrieved 1 August 2020. Elohim, singular Eloah, (Hebrew: God), the God of Israel in the Old Testament. The term Elohim—though sometimes used for other deities, such as the Moabite god Chemosh, the Sidonian goddess Astarte, and also for other majestic beings such as angels, kings, judges (the Old Testament shofeṭim), and the Messiah—is usually employed in the Old Testament for the one and only God of Israel, whose personal name was revealed to Moses as YHWH, or Yahweh (q.v.). When referring to Yahweh, elohim very often is accompanied by the article ha-, to mean, in combination, "the God", and sometimes with a further identification Elohim ḥayyim, meaning "the living God".
Though Elohim is plural in form, it is understood in the singular sense. Thus, in Genesis the words, "In the beginning God (Elohim) created the heavens and the earth," Elohim is monotheistic in connotation, though its grammatical structure seems polytheistic. The Israelites probably borrowed the Canaanite plural noun Elohim and made it singular in meaning in their cultic practices and theological reflections.
"Gnosticism - Apocryphon of John". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2022-01-28.

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Robinson, Stephen E.; Burgon, Glade L.; Turner, Rodney; Largey, Dennis L. (1992), "God the Father", in Ludlow, Daniel H. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Mormonism, New York: Macmillan Publishing, pp. 548–552, ISBN 0-02-879602-0, OCLC 24502140, retrieved 7 May 2021 – via Harold B. Lee Library

churchofjesuschrist.org (Global: 1,837^th place; English: 1,046^th place)

First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, "The Father and the Son", Improvement Era, August 1916, pp. 934–42; reprinted as "The Father and the Son", Ensign, April 2002.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Suchard 2025, pp. 469, 471. Suchard, Benjamin D. (2025). "Semitic *ʾilāh- and Hebrew אלהים‎: From plural 'gods' to singular 'God'". Journal for the Study of the Old Testament. 49 (4): 460–474. doi:10.1177/03090892251332286. ISSN 0309-0892.
Pardee 1999, pp. 285–288. Pardee, Dennis (1999). "Eloah". In Van der Toorn, Karel; Becking, Bob; Van der Horst, Pieter W. (eds.). Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible (2nd ed.). Leiden: Brill Publishers. pp. 285–288. doi:10.1163/2589-7802_DDDO_DDDO_Eloah. ISBN 90-04-11119-0.
Herrmann, W. (1999). Van der Toorn, Karel; Becking, Bob; Van der Horst, Pieter W. (eds.). El (2nd ed.). Leiden: Brill Publishers. pp. 274–280, 352–353. doi:10.1163/2589-7802_DDDO_DDDO_El. ISBN 90-04-11119-0.
Pardee 1999, p. 285 "The term expressing the simple notion of 'gods' in these texts is ilm...". Pardee, Dennis (1999). "Eloah". In Van der Toorn, Karel; Becking, Bob; Van der Horst, Pieter W. (eds.). Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible (2nd ed.). Leiden: Brill Publishers. pp. 285–288. doi:10.1163/2589-7802_DDDO_DDDO_Eloah. ISBN 90-04-11119-0.
Day 2003, p. 23. Day, John (2003). Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament: Supplement Series. Vol. 265. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. doi:10.2307/3217888. ISBN 978-1-850-75986-7. JSTOR 3217888. S2CID 161791734.
Davies, Douglas J. (2003). "Divine–human transformations: God". An Introduction to Mormonism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 67–77. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511610028.004. ISBN 9780511610028. OCLC 438764483. S2CID 146238056.
Dericquebourg, Régis (2021). "Rael and the Raelians". In Zeller, Ben (ed.). Handbook of UFO Religions. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 20. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. pp. 472–490. doi:10.1163/9789004435537_024. ISBN 978-90-04-43437-0. ISSN 1874-6691. S2CID 239738621.
Palmer, Susan J.; Sentes, Bryan (2012). "The International Raëlian Movement". In Hammer, Olav; Rothstein, Mikael (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 167–172. doi:10.1017/CCOL9780521196505.012. ISBN 978-0-521-19650-5. LCCN 2012015440. S2CID 151563721.

gnosis.org (Global: 8,722^nd place; English: 6,706^th place)

Marvin Meyer; Willis Barnstone (June 30, 2009). "The Secret Book of John". The Gnostic Bible. Shambhala. Retrieved 2022-01-28.

jewishencyclopedia.com (Global: 1,019^th place; English: 784^th place)

Jacobs, Joseph; Hirsch, Emil G. (1906). "ELOHIST". Jewish Encyclopedia. Kopelman Foundation. Retrieved 10 August 2020.

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Day 2003, p. 23. Day, John (2003). Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament: Supplement Series. Vol. 265. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. doi:10.2307/3217888. ISBN 978-1-850-75986-7. JSTOR 3217888. S2CID 161791734.

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Palmer, Susan J.; Sentes, Bryan (2012). "The International Raëlian Movement". In Hammer, Olav; Rothstein, Mikael (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 167–172. doi:10.1017/CCOL9780521196505.012. ISBN 978-0-521-19650-5. LCCN 2012015440. S2CID 151563721.

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According to Rabbi Joseph Hertz, the word's use in Genesis 1:1 "indicates that God comprehends and unifies all the forces of eternity and infinity".^[47]
e.g. Genesis 20:13: Hebrew: התעו אתי אלהים מבית אבי, where התעו is from Hebrew: תעה "to err, wander, go astray, stagger", the causative plural "they caused to wander".
Brenton Septuagint Exodus 21:6: προσάξει αὐτὸν ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὸ κριτήριον τοῦ θεοῦ
(e.g. Genesis 6:2, "... the sons of the Elohim (e-aleim) saw the daughters of men (e-adam, "the adam") that they were fair; and they took them for wives ...",

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Mark Futato (2010). "Ask a Scholar: What Does YHWH Elohim Mean?".

pealim.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Conjugation of לִבְרוֹא". Pealim.

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Moses Maimonides. Guide for the Perplexed (1904 translation by Friedländer). Starting from the beginning of chapter 2.

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"Chagigah 4b:9". Sefaria.
"Rashi on I Samuel 28:13:1". Sefaria.
"Sforno on Deuteronomy 21:23:1". Sefaria.
"Jerusalem Talmud Megillah 1:9:17". Sefaria.
"Tractate Soferim 4:6". Sefaria.
- "Rabbeinu Bahya, Bereshit 20:13:1". Sefaria.
- "Chizkuni, Genesis 20:13:1". Sefaria.
- - "Targum Jonathan on Genesis 35:7". Sefaria.
  - "Radak on Genesis 35:7:3". Sefaria.
  - "Psalms 8:6". Sefaria.
  - "Psalms 82". Sefaria.
  - "Rashi on Genesis 1:26:1". Sefaria.
  - "Rashi on Genesis 1:26:2". Sefaria.

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Day 2003, p. 23. Day, John (2003). Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament: Supplement Series. Vol. 265. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. doi:10.2307/3217888. ISBN 978-1-850-75986-7. JSTOR 3217888. S2CID 161791734.
Davies, Douglas J. (2003). "Divine–human transformations: God". An Introduction to Mormonism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 67–77. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511610028.004. ISBN 9780511610028. OCLC 438764483. S2CID 146238056.
Dericquebourg, Régis (2021). "Rael and the Raelians". In Zeller, Ben (ed.). Handbook of UFO Religions. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 20. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. pp. 472–490. doi:10.1163/9789004435537_024. ISBN 978-90-04-43437-0. ISSN 1874-6691. S2CID 239738621.
Palmer, Susan J.; Sentes, Bryan (2012). "The International Raëlian Movement". In Hammer, Olav; Rothstein, Mikael (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 167–172. doi:10.1017/CCOL9780521196505.012. ISBN 978-0-521-19650-5. LCCN 2012015440. S2CID 151563721.

stateofformation.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Zagoria-Moffet, Adam (2015-05-13). "'But Not in Number': One and Many in Hebrew Grammar". Retrieved 2019-12-24.

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en.wikisource.org

Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Elohim" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Elohist and Yahwist" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.

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Suchard 2025, pp. 469, 471. Suchard, Benjamin D. (2025). "Semitic *ʾilāh- and Hebrew אלהים‎: From plural 'gods' to singular 'God'". Journal for the Study of the Old Testament. 49 (4): 460–474. doi:10.1177/03090892251332286. ISSN 0309-0892.
Burnett 2001. Burnett, Joel (2001). A Reassessment of Biblical Elohim. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. ISBN 9781589830165. OCLC 47689804.
Hertz, J. H., ed. (1960) [1937]. The Pentateuch and Haftorahs: Hebrew Text, English Translation and Commentary (2nd ed.). London: Soncino Press. p. 2. ISBN 0-900689-21-8. OCLC 16730346. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Dever, William G. (2001). "Getting at the "History behind the History"". What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?: What Archeology Can Tell Us About the Reality of Ancient Israel. Grand Rapids, Michigan and Cambridge, U.K.: Wm. B. Eerdmans. pp. 97–102. ISBN 978-0-8028-2126-3. OCLC 46394298.
Davies, Douglas J. (2003). "Divine–human transformations: God". An Introduction to Mormonism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 67–77. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511610028.004. ISBN 9780511610028. OCLC 438764483. S2CID 146238056.
Robinson, Stephen E.; Burgon, Glade L.; Turner, Rodney; Largey, Dennis L. (1992), "God the Father", in Ludlow, Daniel H. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Mormonism, New York: Macmillan Publishing, pp. 548–552, ISBN 0-02-879602-0, OCLC 24502140, retrieved 7 May 2021 – via Harold B. Lee Library
Dericquebourg, Régis (2021). "Rael and the Raelians". In Zeller, Ben (ed.). Handbook of UFO Religions. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 20. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. pp. 472–490. doi:10.1163/9789004435537_024. ISBN 978-90-04-43437-0. ISSN 1874-6691. S2CID 239738621.

Elohim (English Wikipedia)

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