Bellringer 2017a, p. 249; Chiang 2012, pp. 30–31, 46; Dale 2010, pp. 40–41; Engelstein 1997, p. 6; Hossain 2012, pp. 40–41. Bellringer, J (2017a). "Surgery for Bodies Commonly Gendered as Male". In Richard, C; Bouman, W P; Barker, M (eds.). Genderqueer and Non-Binary Genders. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 247–263. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-51053-2_12. ISBN978-1-137-51052-5. Chiang, H (2012). Chiang, H (ed.). Transgender China. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN978-1-349-34320-1. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139. Engelstein, L (1997). "From Heresy to Harm: Self-Castrators in the Civic Discourse of Late Tsarist Russia". In Teruyuki, H; Kimitaka, M (eds.). Empire and Society: New Approaches to Russian History. Hokkaido, Japan: Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University. pp. 1–22. Hossain, Adnan (December 2012). "Beyond Emasculation: Being Muslim and Becoming Hijra in South Asia". Asian Studies Review. 36 (4): 495–513. doi:10.1080/10357823.2012.739994. S2CID143636760.
Dale 2010, p. 42. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139.
Dale 2010, p. 49; Dale 2018, p. 196. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139. Dale, M S (2018). Inside the World of the Eunuch A Social History of the Emperor's Servants in Qing China. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. ISBN978-988-8455-75-1.
Dale 2010, p. 49. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139.
Dale 2010, pp. 48–49. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139.
Dale 2010, p. 39; Dale 2018, p. 2. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139. Dale, M S (2018). Inside the World of the Eunuch A Social History of the Emperor's Servants in Qing China. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. ISBN978-988-8455-75-1.
Dale 2010, pp. 40, 43. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139.
Dale 2010, pp. 40–41. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139.
Dale 2010, pp. 41, 43. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139.
Khan 2016, p. 219; Khan et al. 2016, p. 2; Khan 2017, p. 1284. Khan, Shahnaz (June 2016). "What is in a Name? Khwaja Sara, Hijra and Eunuchs in Pakistan". Indian Journal of Gender Studies. 23 (2): 218–242. doi:10.1177/0971521516635327. S2CID148253442. Khan, S I; Khan, N M; Rahman, M; Gourab, G (2016). "Hijra/Heijra". In Naples, N A (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies. Chicester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–2. doi:10.1002/9781118663219. ISBN9781118663219. Khan, Shahnaz (September 2017). "Khwaja sara, hijra, and the Struggle for Rights in Pakistan". Modern Asian Studies. 51 (5): 1283–1310. doi:10.1017/s0026749x16000068. S2CID148748286.
Johnson & Wassersug 2010, p. 598. Johnson, Thomas W.; Wassersug, Richard J. (June 2010). "Gender Identity Disorder Outside the Binary: When Gender Identity Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified Is Not Good Enough". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 39 (3): 597–598. doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9608-1. PMID20182785. S2CID412586.
Evens, Whittle & Rous 1977, p. 775; Mora & Drach 1980, p. 209. Evens, Starling C.; Whittle, Tom; Rous, Stephen N. (November 1977). "Self-Emasculation: Review of the Literature, Report of a Case and Outline of the Objectives of Management". Journal of Urology. 118 (5): 775–776. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)58190-2. PMID916099. Mora, William; Drach, George W. (August 1980). "Self-Emasculation and Self-Castration: Immediate Surgical Management and Ultimate Psychological Adjustment". Journal of Urology. 124 (2): 208–209. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)55375-6. PMID7401234.
Donnelly-Boylen 2016, pp. 376–377; Mellon et al. 1989, p. 127; Rana & Johnson 1993, p. 750. Donnelly-Boylen, Kevin (October 2016). "Gender dysphoria, serious mental illness, and genital self-mutilation: A case report". Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health. 20 (4): 376–381. doi:10.1080/19359705.2016.1209395. S2CID147777077. Mellon, Charles David; Barlow, Carrolee; Cook, Joshua; Clark, Lincoln (February 1989). "Autocastration and autopenectomy in a patient with transsexualism and schizophrenia". Journal of Sex Research. 26 (1): 125–130. doi:10.1080/00224498909551496. Rana, A.; Johnson, A. D. (June 1993). "Sequential Self-castration and Amputation of Penis". British Journal of Urology. 71 (6): 750. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1993.tb16079.x. PMID8343905.
Coleman & Cesnik 1990, p. 204; Money 1988, p. 114; Schweitzer 1990, pp. 566, 568–569. Coleman, Eli; Cesnik, John (April 1990). "Skoptic Syndrome: The Treatment of an Obsessional Gender Dysphoria with Lithium Carbonate and Psychotherapy". American Journal of Psychotherapy. 44 (2): 204–217. doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1990.44.2.204. PMID2114800. Money, John (16 June 1988). "The Skoptic Syndrome: Castration and Genital Self-Mutilation as an Example of Sexual Body-Image Pathology". Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality. 1 (1): 113–128. doi:10.1300/J056v01n01_09. Schweitzer, Isaac (December 1990). "Genital Self-Amputation and the Klingsor Syndrome". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 24 (4): 566–569. doi:10.3109/00048679009062914. PMID2073234. S2CID35323291.
Evens, Whittle & Rous 1977, p. 775. Evens, Starling C.; Whittle, Tom; Rous, Stephen N. (November 1977). "Self-Emasculation: Review of the Literature, Report of a Case and Outline of the Objectives of Management". Journal of Urology. 118 (5): 775–776. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)58190-2. PMID916099.
Johnson et al. 2010, p. 854. Johnson, Thomas W.; Wassersug, Richard J.; Roberts, Lesley F.; Sutherland, Michelle Brett; First, Michael B. (February 2010). "Desire for Castration Is Not a Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID): A Response". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 7 (2): 853–855. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01603.x.
Mellon et al. 1989, p. 125. Mellon, Charles David; Barlow, Carrolee; Cook, Joshua; Clark, Lincoln (February 1989). "Autocastration and autopenectomy in a patient with transsexualism and schizophrenia". Journal of Sex Research. 26 (1): 125–130. doi:10.1080/00224498909551496.
Vale et al. 2010, p. 43. Vale, Kayla; Johnson, Thomas W.; Jansen, Maren S.; Lawson, B. Keith; Lieberman, Tucker; Willette, K. H.; Wassersug, Richard J. (7 May 2010). "The Development of Standards of Care for Individuals with a Male-to-Eunuch Gender Identity Disorder". International Journal of Transgenderism. 12 (1): 40–51. doi:10.1080/15532731003749095. S2CID144853784.
Gearhart & Rock 1989, p. 799. Gearhart, John P.; Rock, John A. (September 1989). "Total Ablation of the Penis After Circumcision with Electrocautery: A Method of Management and Longterm Followup". Journal of Urology. 142 (3): 799–801. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38893-6. PMID2769863.
Gearhart & Rock 1989, pp. 800–801; Ochoa 1998, p. 1119; Shaw, Sadove & Rink 2003, p. 323. Gearhart, John P.; Rock, John A. (September 1989). "Total Ablation of the Penis After Circumcision with Electrocautery: A Method of Management and Longterm Followup". Journal of Urology. 142 (3): 799–801. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38893-6. PMID2769863. Ochoa, Bernardo (September 1998). "Trauma of the external genitalia in children: amputation of the penis and emasculation". The Journal of Urology. 160 (3 Pt 2): 1116–1119. doi:10.1097/00005392-199809020-00040. PMID9719288. Shaw, Matthew B. K.; Sadove, A. Michael; Rink, Richard C. (March 2003). "Reconstruction After Total Penile Amputation and Emasculation". Annals of Plastic Surgery. 50 (3): 321–324. doi:10.1097/01.sap.0000029629.81612.2e. PMID12800913.
Bellringer 2017a, p. 249; Chiang 2012, pp. 30–31, 46; Dale 2010, pp. 40–41; Engelstein 1997, p. 6; Hossain 2012, pp. 40–41. Bellringer, J (2017a). "Surgery for Bodies Commonly Gendered as Male". In Richard, C; Bouman, W P; Barker, M (eds.). Genderqueer and Non-Binary Genders. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 247–263. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-51053-2_12. ISBN978-1-137-51052-5. Chiang, H (2012). Chiang, H (ed.). Transgender China. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN978-1-349-34320-1. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139. Engelstein, L (1997). "From Heresy to Harm: Self-Castrators in the Civic Discourse of Late Tsarist Russia". In Teruyuki, H; Kimitaka, M (eds.). Empire and Society: New Approaches to Russian History. Hokkaido, Japan: Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University. pp. 1–22. Hossain, Adnan (December 2012). "Beyond Emasculation: Being Muslim and Becoming Hijra in South Asia". Asian Studies Review. 36 (4): 495–513. doi:10.1080/10357823.2012.739994. S2CID143636760.
Nanda 1984, pp. 59, 73; Nanda 1999, pp. 26. Nanda, S (1984). "The hijras of India. A preliminary report". Medicine and Law. 3 (1): 59–75. PMID6538636. Nanda, S (1999). Neither Man Nor Woman: The Hijras of India. Massachusetts: Cengage. ISBN978-0534509033.
Nanda 1984, p. 64. Nanda, S (1984). "The hijras of India. A preliminary report". Medicine and Law. 3 (1): 59–75. PMID6538636.
Nanda 1984, p. 84, 73; Nanda 1999, pp. 27. Nanda, S (1984). "The hijras of India. A preliminary report". Medicine and Law. 3 (1): 59–75. PMID6538636. Nanda, S (1999). Neither Man Nor Woman: The Hijras of India. Massachusetts: Cengage. ISBN978-0534509033.
Nanda 1984, p. 73. Nanda, S (1984). "The hijras of India. A preliminary report". Medicine and Law. 3 (1): 59–75. PMID6538636.
Nanda 1984, p. 73, 73; Nanda 1999, pp. 28. Nanda, S (1984). "The hijras of India. A preliminary report". Medicine and Law. 3 (1): 59–75. PMID6538636. Nanda, S (1999). Neither Man Nor Woman: The Hijras of India. Massachusetts: Cengage. ISBN978-0534509033.
Nanda 1984, p. 84, 74; Nanda 1999, pp. 28. Nanda, S (1984). "The hijras of India. A preliminary report". Medicine and Law. 3 (1): 59–75. PMID6538636. Nanda, S (1999). Neither Man Nor Woman: The Hijras of India. Massachusetts: Cengage. ISBN978-0534509033.
Johnson & Wassersug 2010, p. 598. Johnson, Thomas W.; Wassersug, Richard J. (June 2010). "Gender Identity Disorder Outside the Binary: When Gender Identity Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified Is Not Good Enough". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 39 (3): 597–598. doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9608-1. PMID20182785. S2CID412586.
Evens, Whittle & Rous 1977, p. 775; Mora & Drach 1980, p. 209. Evens, Starling C.; Whittle, Tom; Rous, Stephen N. (November 1977). "Self-Emasculation: Review of the Literature, Report of a Case and Outline of the Objectives of Management". Journal of Urology. 118 (5): 775–776. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)58190-2. PMID916099. Mora, William; Drach, George W. (August 1980). "Self-Emasculation and Self-Castration: Immediate Surgical Management and Ultimate Psychological Adjustment". Journal of Urology. 124 (2): 208–209. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)55375-6. PMID7401234.
Donnelly-Boylen 2016, pp. 376–377; Mellon et al. 1989, p. 127; Rana & Johnson 1993, p. 750. Donnelly-Boylen, Kevin (October 2016). "Gender dysphoria, serious mental illness, and genital self-mutilation: A case report". Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health. 20 (4): 376–381. doi:10.1080/19359705.2016.1209395. S2CID147777077. Mellon, Charles David; Barlow, Carrolee; Cook, Joshua; Clark, Lincoln (February 1989). "Autocastration and autopenectomy in a patient with transsexualism and schizophrenia". Journal of Sex Research. 26 (1): 125–130. doi:10.1080/00224498909551496. Rana, A.; Johnson, A. D. (June 1993). "Sequential Self-castration and Amputation of Penis". British Journal of Urology. 71 (6): 750. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1993.tb16079.x. PMID8343905.
Coleman & Cesnik 1990, p. 204; Money 1988, p. 114; Schweitzer 1990, pp. 566, 568–569. Coleman, Eli; Cesnik, John (April 1990). "Skoptic Syndrome: The Treatment of an Obsessional Gender Dysphoria with Lithium Carbonate and Psychotherapy". American Journal of Psychotherapy. 44 (2): 204–217. doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1990.44.2.204. PMID2114800. Money, John (16 June 1988). "The Skoptic Syndrome: Castration and Genital Self-Mutilation as an Example of Sexual Body-Image Pathology". Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality. 1 (1): 113–128. doi:10.1300/J056v01n01_09. Schweitzer, Isaac (December 1990). "Genital Self-Amputation and the Klingsor Syndrome". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 24 (4): 566–569. doi:10.3109/00048679009062914. PMID2073234. S2CID35323291.
Evens, Whittle & Rous 1977, p. 775. Evens, Starling C.; Whittle, Tom; Rous, Stephen N. (November 1977). "Self-Emasculation: Review of the Literature, Report of a Case and Outline of the Objectives of Management". Journal of Urology. 118 (5): 775–776. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)58190-2. PMID916099.
Gearhart & Rock 1989, p. 799. Gearhart, John P.; Rock, John A. (September 1989). "Total Ablation of the Penis After Circumcision with Electrocautery: A Method of Management and Longterm Followup". Journal of Urology. 142 (3): 799–801. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38893-6. PMID2769863.
Gearhart & Rock 1989, pp. 800–801; Ochoa 1998, p. 1119; Shaw, Sadove & Rink 2003, p. 323. Gearhart, John P.; Rock, John A. (September 1989). "Total Ablation of the Penis After Circumcision with Electrocautery: A Method of Management and Longterm Followup". Journal of Urology. 142 (3): 799–801. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38893-6. PMID2769863. Ochoa, Bernardo (September 1998). "Trauma of the external genitalia in children: amputation of the penis and emasculation". The Journal of Urology. 160 (3 Pt 2): 1116–1119. doi:10.1097/00005392-199809020-00040. PMID9719288. Shaw, Matthew B. K.; Sadove, A. Michael; Rink, Richard C. (March 2003). "Reconstruction After Total Penile Amputation and Emasculation". Annals of Plastic Surgery. 50 (3): 321–324. doi:10.1097/01.sap.0000029629.81612.2e. PMID12800913.
Bellringer 2017a, p. 249; Chiang 2012, pp. 30–31, 46; Dale 2010, pp. 40–41; Engelstein 1997, p. 6; Hossain 2012, pp. 40–41. Bellringer, J (2017a). "Surgery for Bodies Commonly Gendered as Male". In Richard, C; Bouman, W P; Barker, M (eds.). Genderqueer and Non-Binary Genders. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 247–263. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-51053-2_12. ISBN978-1-137-51052-5. Chiang, H (2012). Chiang, H (ed.). Transgender China. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN978-1-349-34320-1. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139. Engelstein, L (1997). "From Heresy to Harm: Self-Castrators in the Civic Discourse of Late Tsarist Russia". In Teruyuki, H; Kimitaka, M (eds.). Empire and Society: New Approaches to Russian History. Hokkaido, Japan: Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University. pp. 1–22. Hossain, Adnan (December 2012). "Beyond Emasculation: Being Muslim and Becoming Hijra in South Asia". Asian Studies Review. 36 (4): 495–513. doi:10.1080/10357823.2012.739994. S2CID143636760.
Khan 2016, p. 219; Khan et al. 2016, p. 2; Khan 2017, p. 1284. Khan, Shahnaz (June 2016). "What is in a Name? Khwaja Sara, Hijra and Eunuchs in Pakistan". Indian Journal of Gender Studies. 23 (2): 218–242. doi:10.1177/0971521516635327. S2CID148253442. Khan, S I; Khan, N M; Rahman, M; Gourab, G (2016). "Hijra/Heijra". In Naples, N A (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies. Chicester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–2. doi:10.1002/9781118663219. ISBN9781118663219. Khan, Shahnaz (September 2017). "Khwaja sara, hijra, and the Struggle for Rights in Pakistan". Modern Asian Studies. 51 (5): 1283–1310. doi:10.1017/s0026749x16000068. S2CID148748286.
Johnson & Wassersug 2010, p. 598. Johnson, Thomas W.; Wassersug, Richard J. (June 2010). "Gender Identity Disorder Outside the Binary: When Gender Identity Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified Is Not Good Enough". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 39 (3): 597–598. doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9608-1. PMID20182785. S2CID412586.
Donnelly-Boylen 2016, pp. 376–377; Mellon et al. 1989, p. 127; Rana & Johnson 1993, p. 750. Donnelly-Boylen, Kevin (October 2016). "Gender dysphoria, serious mental illness, and genital self-mutilation: A case report". Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health. 20 (4): 376–381. doi:10.1080/19359705.2016.1209395. S2CID147777077. Mellon, Charles David; Barlow, Carrolee; Cook, Joshua; Clark, Lincoln (February 1989). "Autocastration and autopenectomy in a patient with transsexualism and schizophrenia". Journal of Sex Research. 26 (1): 125–130. doi:10.1080/00224498909551496. Rana, A.; Johnson, A. D. (June 1993). "Sequential Self-castration and Amputation of Penis". British Journal of Urology. 71 (6): 750. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1993.tb16079.x. PMID8343905.
Coleman & Cesnik 1990, p. 204; Money 1988, p. 114; Schweitzer 1990, pp. 566, 568–569. Coleman, Eli; Cesnik, John (April 1990). "Skoptic Syndrome: The Treatment of an Obsessional Gender Dysphoria with Lithium Carbonate and Psychotherapy". American Journal of Psychotherapy. 44 (2): 204–217. doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1990.44.2.204. PMID2114800. Money, John (16 June 1988). "The Skoptic Syndrome: Castration and Genital Self-Mutilation as an Example of Sexual Body-Image Pathology". Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality. 1 (1): 113–128. doi:10.1300/J056v01n01_09. Schweitzer, Isaac (December 1990). "Genital Self-Amputation and the Klingsor Syndrome". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 24 (4): 566–569. doi:10.3109/00048679009062914. PMID2073234. S2CID35323291.
Vale et al. 2010, p. 43. Vale, Kayla; Johnson, Thomas W.; Jansen, Maren S.; Lawson, B. Keith; Lieberman, Tucker; Willette, K. H.; Wassersug, Richard J. (7 May 2010). "The Development of Standards of Care for Individuals with a Male-to-Eunuch Gender Identity Disorder". International Journal of Transgenderism. 12 (1): 40–51. doi:10.1080/15532731003749095. S2CID144853784.