References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Emasculation" in the English version

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

doi.org

Chiang 2012, p. 33; Hoeckelmann 2019, p. 4. Chiang, H (2012). Chiang, H (ed.). Transgender China. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-349-34320-1. Hoeckelmann, Michael (21 June 2019). "To Rot and Not to Die: Punitive Emasculation in Early and Medieval China" (PDF). T'oung Pao. 105 (1–2): 1–42. doi:10.1163/15685322-10512p01. hdl:20.500.11820/a903bc02-1c0e-4e1f-8b6b-caf5a8eaf49b. S2CID 198643536.

Chen et al. 2019, p. 191; Lipshultz 1980, pp. 169–170; van der Sluis, Steensma & Bouman 2020, p. 176. Chen, Mang L.; Reyblat, Polina; Poh, Melissa M.; Chi, Amanda C. (June 2019). "Overview of surgical techniques in gender-affirming genital surgery". Translational Andrology and Urology. 8 (3): 191–208. doi:10.21037/tau.2019.06.19. PMC 6626317. PMID 31380226. Lipshultz, L I (1980). "Orchiectomy, Penectomy, Vaginoplasty for the Male Transsexual". In Lipshultz, L I; Corriere, J N; Hafez, E S E (eds.). Surgery of the Male Reproductive Tract. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 169–173. ISBN 978-94-009-8849-1. van der Sluis, Wouter B.; Steensma, Thomas D.; Bouman, Mark-Bram (2 April 2020). "Orchiectomy in transgender individuals: A motivation analysis and report of surgical outcomes". International Journal of Transgender Health. 21 (2): 176–181. doi:10.1080/26895269.2020.1749921. PMC 7430475. PMID 33015667.

Bellringer 2017a, p. 249; Chiang 2012, pp. 30–31, 46; Dale 2010, pp. 40–41; Engelstein 1997, p. 6; Hossain 2012, pp. 40–41. Bellringer, J (2017a). "Surgery for Bodies Commonly Gendered as Male". In Richard, C; Bouman, W P; Barker, M (eds.). Genderqueer and Non-Binary Genders. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 247–263. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-51053-2_12. ISBN 978-1-137-51052-5. Chiang, H (2012). Chiang, H (ed.). Transgender China. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-349-34320-1. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139. Engelstein, L (1997). "From Heresy to Harm: Self-Castrators in the Civic Discourse of Late Tsarist Russia". In Teruyuki, H; Kimitaka, M (eds.). Empire and Society: New Approaches to Russian History. Hokkaido, Japan: Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University. pp. 1–22. Hossain, Adnan (December 2012). "Beyond Emasculation: Being Muslim and Becoming Hijra in South Asia". Asian Studies Review. 36 (4): 495–513. doi:10.1080/10357823.2012.739994. hdl:1871.1/5e919b3d-46d7-4a44-8913-4324fa1e1a52. S2CID 143636760.

Samm & Steiner 1999, pp. 393–396. Samm, Bill J; Steiner, Mitchell S (February 1999). "Penectomy: a technique to reduce blood loss". Urology. 53 (2): 393–396. doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(98)00508-1. PMID 9933061.

Dale 2010, p. 45; Wilson & Roehrborn 1999, p. 4326. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139. Wilson, Jean D.; Roehrborn, Claus (December 1999). "Long-Term Consequences of Castration in Men: Lessons from the Skoptzy and the Eunuchs of the Chinese and Ottoman Courts". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 84 (12): 4324–4331. doi:10.1210/jcem.84.12.6206. PMID 10599682.

Wilson & Roehrborn 1999, p. 4326. Wilson, Jean D.; Roehrborn, Claus (December 1999). "Long-Term Consequences of Castration in Men: Lessons from the Skoptzy and the Eunuchs of the Chinese and Ottoman Courts". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 84 (12): 4324–4331. doi:10.1210/jcem.84.12.6206. PMID 10599682.

Dale 2010, p. 42. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139.

Dale 2010, p. 46; Dale 2018, p. 39; Wilson & Roehrborn 1999, p. 4326. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139. Dale, M S (2018). Inside the World of the Eunuch A Social History of the Emperor's Servants in Qing China. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 978-988-8455-75-1. Wilson, Jean D.; Roehrborn, Claus (December 1999). "Long-Term Consequences of Castration in Men: Lessons from the Skoptzy and the Eunuchs of the Chinese and Ottoman Courts". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 84 (12): 4324–4331. doi:10.1210/jcem.84.12.6206. PMID 10599682.

Patwardhan et al. 2007, p. 1. Patwardhan, Sujata; Sawant, Ajit; Nagabhushana, M; Varma, Radheshyam; Ismail, Mohammed (2007). "Chronic urinary retention in eunuchs". Indian Journal of Urology. 23 (3): 317–318. doi:10.4103/0970-1591.33733. PMC 2721615. PMID 19718339.

Dale 2010, p. 46; Patwardhan et al. 2007, p. 1; Wilson & Roehrborn 1999, p. 4326. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139. Patwardhan, Sujata; Sawant, Ajit; Nagabhushana, M; Varma, Radheshyam; Ismail, Mohammed (2007). "Chronic urinary retention in eunuchs". Indian Journal of Urology. 23 (3): 317–318. doi:10.4103/0970-1591.33733. PMC 2721615. PMID 19718339. Wilson, Jean D.; Roehrborn, Claus (December 1999). "Long-Term Consequences of Castration in Men: Lessons from the Skoptzy and the Eunuchs of the Chinese and Ottoman Courts". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 84 (12): 4324–4331. doi:10.1210/jcem.84.12.6206. PMID 10599682.

Ochoa 1998, p. 1117; Wilson & Roehrborn 1999, p. 4326. Ochoa, Bernardo (September 1998). "Trauma of the external genitalia in children: amputation of the penis and emasculation". The Journal of Urology. 160 (3 Pt 2): 1116–1119. doi:10.1097/00005392-199809020-00040. PMID 9719288. Wilson, Jean D.; Roehrborn, Claus (December 1999). "Long-Term Consequences of Castration in Men: Lessons from the Skoptzy and the Eunuchs of the Chinese and Ottoman Courts". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 84 (12): 4324–4331. doi:10.1210/jcem.84.12.6206. PMID 10599682.

Dale 2018, p. 196; Wilson & Roehrborn 1999, pp. 4328–4330. Dale, M S (2018). Inside the World of the Eunuch A Social History of the Emperor's Servants in Qing China. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 978-988-8455-75-1. Wilson, Jean D.; Roehrborn, Claus (December 1999). "Long-Term Consequences of Castration in Men: Lessons from the Skoptzy and the Eunuchs of the Chinese and Ottoman Courts". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 84 (12): 4324–4331. doi:10.1210/jcem.84.12.6206. PMID 10599682.

Wilson & Roehrborn 1999, pp. 4328–4330. Wilson, Jean D.; Roehrborn, Claus (December 1999). "Long-Term Consequences of Castration in Men: Lessons from the Skoptzy and the Eunuchs of the Chinese and Ottoman Courts". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 84 (12): 4324–4331. doi:10.1210/jcem.84.12.6206. PMID 10599682.

Dale 2010, p. 46; Wilson & Roehrborn 1999, p. 4326. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139. Wilson, Jean D.; Roehrborn, Claus (December 1999). "Long-Term Consequences of Castration in Men: Lessons from the Skoptzy and the Eunuchs of the Chinese and Ottoman Courts". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 84 (12): 4324–4331. doi:10.1210/jcem.84.12.6206. PMID 10599682.

Dale 2010, p. 49; Dale 2018, p. 196. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139. Dale, M S (2018). Inside the World of the Eunuch A Social History of the Emperor's Servants in Qing China. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 978-988-8455-75-1.

Dale 2010, p. 49. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139.

Dale 2010, pp. 48–49. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139.

Emeliantseva 2009, p. 190; Bellringer 2017a, p. 248. Emeliantseva, Ekaterina (2009). "Icons, portraits, or types? Photographic images of the Skoptsy in late Imperial Russia (1880-1917)". Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas. 57 (2): 189–204. doi:10.25162/jgo-2009-0009. JSTOR 41052249. S2CID 152152285. Bellringer, J (2017a). "Surgery for Bodies Commonly Gendered as Male". In Richard, C; Bouman, W P; Barker, M (eds.). Genderqueer and Non-Binary Genders. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 247–263. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-51053-2_12. ISBN 978-1-137-51052-5.

Dale 2010, p. 39; Dale 2018, p. 2. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139. Dale, M S (2018). Inside the World of the Eunuch A Social History of the Emperor's Servants in Qing China. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 978-988-8455-75-1.

Dale 2010, p. 39; Dale 2018, p. x; Chiang 2012, pp. 29–30; Wilson & Roehrborn 1999, p. 4326. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139. Dale, M S (2018). Inside the World of the Eunuch A Social History of the Emperor's Servants in Qing China. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 978-988-8455-75-1. Chiang, H (2012). Chiang, H (ed.). Transgender China. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-349-34320-1. Wilson, Jean D.; Roehrborn, Claus (December 1999). "Long-Term Consequences of Castration in Men: Lessons from the Skoptzy and the Eunuchs of the Chinese and Ottoman Courts". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 84 (12): 4324–4331. doi:10.1210/jcem.84.12.6206. PMID 10599682.

Dale 2010, pp. 40, 43. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139.

Dale 2010, pp. 40–41. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139.

Dale 2010, pp. 41, 43. Dale, M. S. (1 April 2010). "Understanding Emasculation: Western Medical Perspectives on Chinese Eunuchs". Social History of Medicine. 23 (1): 38–55. doi:10.1093/shm/hkp139.

Emeliantseva 2009, p. 190. Emeliantseva, Ekaterina (2009). "Icons, portraits, or types? Photographic images of the Skoptsy in late Imperial Russia (1880-1917)". Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas. 57 (2): 189–204. doi:10.25162/jgo-2009-0009. JSTOR 41052249. S2CID 152152285.

Wilson 2018, p. 565. Wilson, Jennifer (1 November 2018). "Dostoevsky's Timely Castration". TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly. 5 (4): 565–573. doi:10.1215/23289252-7090031. S2CID 132954102.

Wilson 2018, p. 566. Wilson, Jennifer (1 November 2018). "Dostoevsky's Timely Castration". TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly. 5 (4): 565–573. doi:10.1215/23289252-7090031. S2CID 132954102.

Bellringer 2017a, p. 249; Stief 2017, p. 74. Bellringer, J (2017a). "Surgery for Bodies Commonly Gendered as Male". In Richard, C; Bouman, W P; Barker, M (eds.). Genderqueer and Non-Binary Genders. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 247–263. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-51053-2_12. ISBN 978-1-137-51052-5. Stief, Matthew (January 2017). "The Sexual Orientation and Gender Presentation of Hijra, Kothi, and Panthi in Mumbai, India". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 46 (1): 73–85. doi:10.1007/s10508-016-0886-0. PMID 27878410. S2CID 44767139.

Khan 2017, p. 1284; Nanda 1984, p. 73; Singh & Kumar 2020, p. 84; Stief 2017, p. 75. Khan, Shahnaz (September 2017). "Khwaja sara, hijra, and the Struggle for Rights in Pakistan". Modern Asian Studies. 51 (5): 1283–1310. doi:10.1017/s0026749x16000068. S2CID 148748286. Nanda, S (1984). "The hijras of India. A preliminary report". Medicine and Law. 3 (1): 59–75. PMID 6538636. Singh, H; Kumar, P (2020). "Hijra: An Understanding". Journal of Psychosocial Research. 15 (1): 79–89. doi:10.32381/JPR.2020.15.01.6. S2CID 229027899. Stief, Matthew (January 2017). "The Sexual Orientation and Gender Presentation of Hijra, Kothi, and Panthi in Mumbai, India". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 46 (1): 73–85. doi:10.1007/s10508-016-0886-0. PMID 27878410. S2CID 44767139.

Khan 2016, p. 219; Khan et al. 2016, p. 2; Khan 2017, p. 1284. Khan, Shahnaz (June 2016). "What is in a Name? Khwaja Sara, Hijra and Eunuchs in Pakistan". Indian Journal of Gender Studies. 23 (2): 218–242. doi:10.1177/0971521516635327. S2CID 148253442. Khan, S I; Khan, N M; Rahman, M; Gourab, G (2016). "Hijra/Heijra". In Naples, N A (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies. Chicester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–2. doi:10.1002/9781118663219. ISBN 9781118663219. Khan, Shahnaz (September 2017). "Khwaja sara, hijra, and the Struggle for Rights in Pakistan". Modern Asian Studies. 51 (5): 1283–1310. doi:10.1017/s0026749x16000068. S2CID 148748286.

Nanda 1984, p. 73; Singh & Kumar 2020, p. 84. Nanda, S (1984). "The hijras of India. A preliminary report". Medicine and Law. 3 (1): 59–75. PMID 6538636. Singh, H; Kumar, P (2020). "Hijra: An Understanding". Journal of Psychosocial Research. 15 (1): 79–89. doi:10.32381/JPR.2020.15.01.6. S2CID 229027899.

Hossain 2017, p. 1420. Hossain, Adnan (2 December 2017). "The paradox of recognition: hijra, third gender and sexual rights in Bangladesh". Culture, Health & Sexuality. 19 (12): 1418–1431. doi:10.1080/13691058.2017.1317831. hdl:11245.1/4b35820e-309a-4ecf-be63-e618467cb19b. PMID 28498049. S2CID 5372595.

Hossain 2017, p. 1420; Nanda 1984, p. 73; Nanda 1999, pp. 26, 37. Hossain, Adnan (2 December 2017). "The paradox of recognition: hijra, third gender and sexual rights in Bangladesh". Culture, Health & Sexuality. 19 (12): 1418–1431. doi:10.1080/13691058.2017.1317831. hdl:11245.1/4b35820e-309a-4ecf-be63-e618467cb19b. PMID 28498049. S2CID 5372595. Nanda, S (1984). "The hijras of India. A preliminary report". Medicine and Law. 3 (1): 59–75. PMID 6538636. Nanda, S (1999). Neither Man Nor Woman: The Hijras of India. Massachusetts: Cengage. ISBN 978-0534509033.

Hoeckelmann 2019, pp. 5, 11–12; Zhang 2001, p. 250. Hoeckelmann, Michael (21 June 2019). "To Rot and Not to Die: Punitive Emasculation in Early and Medieval China" (PDF). T'oung Pao. 105 (1–2): 1–42. doi:10.1163/15685322-10512p01. hdl:20.500.11820/a903bc02-1c0e-4e1f-8b6b-caf5a8eaf49b. S2CID 198643536. Zhang, E Y (2001). "Goudui and the State: Constructing Entrepreneurial Masculinity in Two Cosmopolitan Areas of Post-Socialist China". In Hodgson, D L (ed.). Gendered Modernities. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 235–265. doi:10.1007/978-1-137-09944-0_9. ISBN 978-1-137-09944-0.

Zhang 2001. Zhang, E Y (2001). "Goudui and the State: Constructing Entrepreneurial Masculinity in Two Cosmopolitan Areas of Post-Socialist China". In Hodgson, D L (ed.). Gendered Modernities. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 235–265. doi:10.1007/978-1-137-09944-0_9. ISBN 978-1-137-09944-0.

Chauhan et al. 2016, p. 228; Kenyon & Hyman 1953, p. 208; Schweitzer 1990, p. 566. Chauhan, VinaySingh; Yadav, Prateek; Goyal, Sunil; Khan, SahabazAli (2016). "Two cases of male genital self-mutilation". Industrial Psychiatry Journal. 25 (2): 228–231. doi:10.4103/0972-6748.207854. PMC 5479100. PMID 28659706. Kenyon, Herbert R.; Hyman, RM (17 January 1953). "Total autoemasculation; report of three cases". Journal of the American Medical Association. 151 (3): 207–210. doi:10.1001/jama.1953.02940030041010a. PMID 12999539. Schweitzer, Isaac (December 1990). "Genital Self-Amputation and the Klingsor Syndrome". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 24 (4): 566–569. doi:10.3109/00048679009062914. PMID 2073234. S2CID 35323291.

Johnson & Wassersug 2010, p. 598. Johnson, Thomas W.; Wassersug, Richard J. (June 2010). "Gender Identity Disorder Outside the Binary: When Gender Identity Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified Is Not Good Enough". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 39 (3): 597–598. doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9608-1. PMID 20182785. S2CID 412586.

Evens, Whittle & Rous 1977, p. 775; Mora & Drach 1980, p. 209. Evens, Starling C.; Whittle, Tom; Rous, Stephen N. (November 1977). "Self-Emasculation: Review of the Literature, Report of a Case and Outline of the Objectives of Management". Journal of Urology. 118 (5): 775–776. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)58190-2. PMID 916099. Mora, William; Drach, George W. (August 1980). "Self-Emasculation and Self-Castration: Immediate Surgical Management and Ultimate Psychological Adjustment". Journal of Urology. 124 (2): 208–209. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)55375-6. PMID 7401234.

Donnelly-Boylen 2016, pp. 376–377; Mellon et al. 1989, p. 127; Rana & Johnson 1993, p. 750. Donnelly-Boylen, Kevin (October 2016). "Gender dysphoria, serious mental illness, and genital self-mutilation: A case report". Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health. 20 (4): 376–381. doi:10.1080/19359705.2016.1209395. S2CID 147777077. Mellon, Charles David; Barlow, Carrolee; Cook, Joshua; Clark, Lincoln (February 1989). "Autocastration and autopenectomy in a patient with transsexualism and schizophrenia". Journal of Sex Research. 26 (1): 125–130. doi:10.1080/00224498909551496. Rana, A.; Johnson, A. D. (June 1993). "Sequential Self-castration and Amputation of Penis". British Journal of Urology. 71 (6): 750. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1993.tb16079.x. PMID 8343905.

Aboud 2013. Aboud, Khalid (1 January 2013). "Eponyms in dermatology literature linked to genital skin disorders". Our Dermatology Online. 4 (2): 243–246. doi:10.7241/OURD.20132.60. Retrieved 8 July 2025.

Coleman & Cesnik 1990, p. 204; Money 1988, p. 114; Schweitzer 1990, pp. 566, 568–569. Coleman, Eli; Cesnik, John (April 1990). "Skoptic Syndrome: The Treatment of an Obsessional Gender Dysphoria with Lithium Carbonate and Psychotherapy". American Journal of Psychotherapy. 44 (2): 204–217. doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1990.44.2.204. PMID 2114800. Money, John (16 June 1988). "The Skoptic Syndrome: Castration and Genital Self-Mutilation as an Example of Sexual Body-Image Pathology". Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality. 1 (1): 113–128. doi:10.1300/J056v01n01_09. Schweitzer, Isaac (December 1990). "Genital Self-Amputation and the Klingsor Syndrome". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 24 (4): 566–569. doi:10.3109/00048679009062914. PMID 2073234. S2CID 35323291.

Evens, Whittle & Rous 1977, p. 775. Evens, Starling C.; Whittle, Tom; Rous, Stephen N. (November 1977). "Self-Emasculation: Review of the Literature, Report of a Case and Outline of the Objectives of Management". Journal of Urology. 118 (5): 775–776. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)58190-2. PMID 916099.

Jackowich et al. 2014, p. 122; Johnson et al. 2010, p. 854. Jackowich, Robyn A.; Vale, Rachel; Vale, Kayla; Wassersug, Richard J.; Johnson, Thomas W. (August 2014). "Voluntary Genital Ablations: Contrasting the Cutters and Their Clients". Sexual Medicine. 2 (3): 121–132. doi:10.1002/sm2.33. PMC 4184492. PMID 25356309. Johnson, Thomas W.; Wassersug, Richard J.; Roberts, Lesley F.; Sutherland, Michelle Brett; First, Michael B. (February 2010). "Desire for Castration Is Not a Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID): A Response". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 7 (2): 853–855. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01603.x.

Johnson et al. 2010, p. 854. Johnson, Thomas W.; Wassersug, Richard J.; Roberts, Lesley F.; Sutherland, Michelle Brett; First, Michael B. (February 2010). "Desire for Castration Is Not a Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID): A Response". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 7 (2): 853–855. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01603.x.

Vale et al. 2010, p. 44. Vale, Kayla; Johnson, Thomas W.; Jansen, Maren S.; Lawson, B. Keith; Lieberman, Tucker; Willette, K. H.; Wassersug, Richard J. (7 May 2010). "The Development of Standards of Care for Individuals with a Male-to-Eunuch Gender Identity Disorder". International Journal of Transgenderism. 12 (1): 40–51. doi:10.1080/15532731003749095. S2CID 144853784.

Jackowich et al. 2014, p. 122; Johnson et al. 2010, p. 854; Wibowo, Johnson & Wassersug 2016, p. 405. Jackowich, Robyn A.; Vale, Rachel; Vale, Kayla; Wassersug, Richard J.; Johnson, Thomas W. (August 2014). "Voluntary Genital Ablations: Contrasting the Cutters and Their Clients". Sexual Medicine. 2 (3): 121–132. doi:10.1002/sm2.33. PMC 4184492. PMID 25356309. Johnson, Thomas W.; Wassersug, Richard J.; Roberts, Lesley F.; Sutherland, Michelle Brett; First, Michael B. (February 2010). "Desire for Castration Is Not a Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID): A Response". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 7 (2): 853–855. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01603.x. Wibowo, J E; Johnson, T W; Wassersug, R J (2016). "Infertility, impotence, and emasculation - psychosocial contexts for abandoning reproduction". Asian Journal of Andrology. 18 (3): 403–408. doi:10.4103/1008-682X.173937. PMC 4854090. PMID 26924280.

Jackowich et al. 2014, p. 122. Jackowich, Robyn A.; Vale, Rachel; Vale, Kayla; Wassersug, Richard J.; Johnson, Thomas W. (August 2014). "Voluntary Genital Ablations: Contrasting the Cutters and Their Clients". Sexual Medicine. 2 (3): 121–132. doi:10.1002/sm2.33. PMC 4184492. PMID 25356309.

Mellon et al. 1989, p. 125. Mellon, Charles David; Barlow, Carrolee; Cook, Joshua; Clark, Lincoln (February 1989). "Autocastration and autopenectomy in a patient with transsexualism and schizophrenia". Journal of Sex Research. 26 (1): 125–130. doi:10.1080/00224498909551496.

Wassersug 2010. Wassersug, Richard (2010). "On the invisibility of the emasculated". Anthropology Today. 26 (1): 1–3. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8322.2010.00707.x. ISSN 0268-540X. JSTOR 40649989.

Vale et al. 2010, p. 42. Vale, Kayla; Johnson, Thomas W.; Jansen, Maren S.; Lawson, B. Keith; Lieberman, Tucker; Willette, K. H.; Wassersug, Richard J. (7 May 2010). "The Development of Standards of Care for Individuals with a Male-to-Eunuch Gender Identity Disorder". International Journal of Transgenderism. 12 (1): 40–51. doi:10.1080/15532731003749095. S2CID 144853784.

Shaw, Sadove & Rink 2003, p. 321. Shaw, Matthew B. K.; Sadove, A. Michael; Rink, Richard C. (March 2003). "Reconstruction After Total Penile Amputation and Emasculation". Annals of Plastic Surgery. 50 (3): 321–324. doi:10.1097/01.sap.0000029629.81612.2e. PMID 12800913.

Kenyon & Hyman 1953, p. 207; Ochoa 1998, p. 1116. Kenyon, Herbert R.; Hyman, RM (17 January 1953). "Total autoemasculation; report of three cases". Journal of the American Medical Association. 151 (3): 207–210. doi:10.1001/jama.1953.02940030041010a. PMID 12999539. Ochoa, Bernardo (September 1998). "Trauma of the external genitalia in children: amputation of the penis and emasculation". The Journal of Urology. 160 (3 Pt 2): 1116–1119. doi:10.1097/00005392-199809020-00040. PMID 9719288.

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