Emoticon (English Wikipedia)

TECHSIDE FF11板の過去ログです [TECHSIDE FF11 board archives] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on April 30, 2003. Retrieved September 17, 2018. ＜正直＞アフターバーナー予約してしまいました_|￣|○←早速使ってみるw (12/23 00:20)
＜ルン＞/土下座_|￣| ○のび助　　···駄目だ、完全に遅れた (12/23 23:09)

90daykorean.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Korean Emoticons: The Ultimate Guide". 90 Day Korean®. March 17, 2016. Retrieved December 18, 2020.

adweek.com (Global: 1,542^nd place; English: 764^th place)

High, Kamau (August 9, 2007). "MTV Combats 'Sucky' Relationships". adweek.com. Archived from the original on December 25, 2007.

ahdictionary.com (Global: 4,364^th place; English: 2,759^th place)

"emoticon". American Heritage Dictionary. Retrieved March 22, 2018.

aist.go.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

staff.aist.go.jp

"The History of Smiley Marks". Staff.aist.go.jp. Archived from the original on December 3, 2012. Retrieved March 14, 2013.

appinstitute.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The History of Emojis". AppInstitute. 1862.

archambault.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Le Dico smiley". Archambault. Archived from the original on December 8, 2025. Retrieved May 21, 2025.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Nabokov, Vladimir (1990). Strong Opinions (1st Vintage international ed.). New York: Vintage Books. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-679-72609-8. OCLC 1035656350.

ase.ro (Global: low place; English: low place)

sic.ase.ro

Butucea, Maria (November 2017). "CHINESE COMMUNICATION" (PDF). The Bucharest University of Economic Studies. Retrieved June 29, 2025.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

bbc.co.uk

"World Emoji Day 2024: What's the most popular emoji". BBC. July 16, 2024.

news.bbc.co.uk

"Russian hopes to cash in on ;-)". BBC News. December 11, 2008. Retrieved March 14, 2013.

boingboing.net (Global: 4,539^th place; English: 2,785^th place)

Jardin, Xeni (February 7, 2005). "All about Orz". Boing Boing. Retrieved March 24, 2009.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Zimmerly, Arlene; Jaehne, Julie (2003). Computer Connections: Projects and Applications, Student Edition. McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 978-0-07-861399-9. Emoticon: An acronym for emotion icon, a small icon composed of punctuation characters that indicate how an e-mail message should be interpreted (that is, the writer's mood).^{[page needed]}
Bierce, Ambrose (1912). "For Brevity and Clarity". The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, XI: Antepenultimata. The Neale Publishing Company. pp. 386–387.
Li, Yuming; Li, Wei (April 1, 2014). The Language Situation in China. De Gruyter. ISBN 978-1-61451-365-0.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

dictionary.cambridge.org

"emoticon". Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Retrieved March 22, 2018.

ceruleanstudios.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Creators of Trillian and Trillian Pro IM Clients". Cerulean Studios. Archived from the original on May 1, 2010. Retrieved March 14, 2013.

cmu.edu (Global: 2,125^th place; English: 1,347^th place)

cs.cmu.edu

Fahlman, Scott. "Original Bboard Thread in which :-) was proposed". cs.cmu.edu. Retrieved March 22, 2018.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

":-) turns 25". CNN.com. Associated Press. September 20, 2007. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007.

cognitionandculture.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

N'Diaye, Karim (January 8, 2009) [2006]. "Cross-cultural investigation of Smileys". International cognition & culture institute. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.

collinsdictionary.com (Global: 1,831^st place; English: 1,216^th place)

"emoticon". Collins Dictionary. Retrieved March 22, 2018.

creativereview.co.uk (Global: low place; English: 8,819^th place)

"Why your brand needs an EQ boost". Creative Review. June 3, 2021.

cyberdefinitions.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"o7 | What Does o7 Mean?". Cyber Definitions. Retrieved June 23, 2025.

dailysabah.com (Global: 2,486^th place; English: 1,876^th place)

"First smiley and frowny emoticons go under hammer in US". Daily Sabah. September 11, 2021.

dfnt.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

みんなの作った _|￣|○クラフト "paper craft of orz" [Everyone's _|￣|○ craft "paper craft of orz"]. Retrieved August 18, 2009.

digit.in (Global: low place; English: low place)

Das, Souvik (August 4, 2016). "Emoting Out Loud: The Origin of Emojis". Digit.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Doliashvili, Mariam; Ogawa, Michael-Brian C.; Crosby, Martha E. (2020). "Understanding Challenges Presented Using Emojis as a Form of Augmented Communication". In Schmorrow, Dylan D.; Fidopiastis, Cali M. (eds.). Augmented Cognition. Theoretical and Technological Approaches. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 12196. Springer Nature. p. 26. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-50353-6_2. ISBN 978-3-030-50353-6. S2CID 220551348. Scott Fahlman, a computer scientist at Carnegie Mellon University, was credited with popularizing early text-based emoticons in 1982

educause.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

er.educause.edu

Gajadhar, Joan; Green, John (2005). "The Importance of Nonverbal Elements in Online Chat" (PDF). EDUCAUSE Quarterly. 28 (4): 63–64. ISSN 1528-5324.

emojipedia.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"📖 Emoji Glossary". emojipedia.org. Retrieved November 25, 2017.

espacenet.com (Global: 950^th place; English: 813^th place)

worldwide.espacenet.com

US 6987991, Nelson, Johnathon O., "Emoticon input method and apparatus", published January 17, 2006, assigned to Wildseed Ltd.

europe1.fr (Global: 1,608^th place; English: 5,984^th place)

"Avec le smiley, 'on arrive à décontracter tout le monde'" [With the smiley, 'we get to relax everybody']. Europe 1 (in French). February 4, 2016. Archived from the original on August 5, 2017. Retrieved July 16, 2017.

futurezone.at (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Erstes digitales Smiley für mehr als 200.000 Dollar als NFT versteigert" [First digital smiley sold for more than $ 200,000 as NFT]. Future Zone (in German). September 24, 2021.

groovy-lang.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

docs.groovy-lang.org

Groovy Language Documentation, includes Spaceship, Elvis and Diamond operators

groups.google.com (Global: 2,153^rd place; English: 1,445^th place)

Morris, James (October 10, 1982). "Notes – Communications Breakthrough". Newsgroup: net.works. Retrieved December 18, 2008.^{[dead link]}
Jackson, Curtis (December 3, 1982). "How to keep from being misunderstood on the net". Newsgroup: net.news. Retrieved December 17, 2008.

ha.com (Global: low place; English: 7,819^th place)

fineart.ha.com

"Smiles Ahead: Heritage Auctions Offers NFT of World's First Graphical Emoticons". Heritage Auctions.

hooksmagazine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hooks, Matheus (March 10, 2022). "The Untold Story Behind the Emoji Phenomenon". Hooks magazine.

iltalehti.fi (Global: 834^th place; English: 2,868^th place)

STT (August 13, 2012). "Hymiölle ei saa tavaramerkkiä | Kotimaan uutiset". Iltalehti.fi. Retrieved March 14, 2013.

leparisien.fr (Global: 196^th place; English: 965^th place)

Hervez, Marc (May 9, 2016). "Qui a inventé le Smiley ? Son histoire va vous surprendre..." [Who invented the Smiley? Its history will surprise you...]. Le Parisien (in French). Archived from the original on May 10, 2019.

muzicons.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Muzicons.com – music sharing widget". Retrieved June 25, 2008.

newrepublic.com (Global: 2,046^th place; English: 1,108^th place)

Robb, Alice (July 7, 2014). "How Using Emoji Makes Us Less Emotional". The New Republic.

newstalk.com (Global: low place; English: 9,536^th place)

Quann, Jack (July 17, 2015). "A picture paints a thousand words: Today is World Emoji Day". newstalk.com. Archived from the original on August 11, 2015.

nownews.com (Global: 1,586^th place; English: 8,618^th place)

心情很orz嗎？網路象形文字幽默一下 [Feeling orz? Humor with Internet Hieroglyphics]. Nownews.com. January 20, 2005. Archived from the original on November 15, 2012. Retrieved March 14, 2013.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

nytimes.com

Williams, Alex (July 29, 2007). "(-: Just Between You and Me ;-)". The New York Times. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
Schwartz, John (January 29, 2001). "Compressed Data; Don't Mind That Lawsuit, It's Just a Joke". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 17, 2016.

cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com

Lee, Jennifer (January 19, 2009). "Is That an Emoticon in 1862?". City Room. The New York Times.

oxforddictionaries.com (Global: 1,689^th place; English: 1,562^nd place)

en.oxforddictionaries.com

"emoticon - Definition of emoticon in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries - English. Archived from the original on August 28, 2017.

polona.pl (Global: 1,966^th place; English: low place)

"Polona".

prh.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

tavaramerkki.prh.fi

"Tavaramerkkilehti" (PDF). Tavaramerkkilehti (10): 27–28. May 31, 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 20, 2007. Retrieved June 16, 2007.

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

Cope, Bill; Kalantzis, Mary. "A Little History of e-Learning". Retrieved October 26, 2021 – via ResearchGate.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Doliashvili, Mariam; Ogawa, Michael-Brian C.; Crosby, Martha E. (2020). "Understanding Challenges Presented Using Emojis as a Form of Augmented Communication". In Schmorrow, Dylan D.; Fidopiastis, Cali M. (eds.). Augmented Cognition. Theoretical and Technological Approaches. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 12196. Springer Nature. p. 26. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-50353-6_2. ISBN 978-3-030-50353-6. S2CID 220551348. Scott Fahlman, a computer scientist at Carnegie Mellon University, was credited with popularizing early text-based emoticons in 1982

slate.com (Global: 409^th place; English: 260^th place)

Zimmer, Ben (April 15, 2014). "Sorry, That's Not an Emoticon in a 1648 Poem :(". Slate. Retrieved June 5, 2024.

snopes.com (Global: 1,669^th place; English: 1,125^th place)

Mikkelson, David (September 20, 2007). "Fact Check: Emoticon (Smiley) Origin". Snopes.

sourceforge.net (Global: 1,842^nd place; English: 1,520^th place)

"Denoser strips noses from text". SourceForge.net. February 21, 2013. Retrieved March 14, 2013.

srce.hr (Global: 1,163^rd place; English: 1,174^th place)

hrcak.srce.hr

Tomić, Maja Katarina; Martinez, Marijana; Vrbanec, Tedo (2013). "Emoticons". ยืนยันอีเมลแล้วที่. 1 (1): 41. Archived from the original on December 10, 2025. Retrieved August 3, 2024 – via Google Scholar.

theatlantic.com (Global: 322^nd place; English: 198^th place)

Madrigal, Alexis C. (April 14, 2014). "The First Emoticon May have appeared in 1648". The Atlantic.
Garber, Megan (June 19, 2014). ") or :-)? Some Highly Scientific Data". The Atlantic.

thedailybeast.com (Global: 517^th place; English: 315^th place)

Hitt, Tarpley (July 17, 2020). "The Inventor of the Emoticon Tells All: 'I've Created a Virus'". The Daily Beast.

thedrum.com (Global: 8,360^th place; English: 4,596^th place)

Deighton, Katie (July 24, 2017). "Creative The Smiley Company Emoji". The Drum.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Hern, Alex (February 6, 2015). "Don't know the difference between emoji and emoticons? Let me explain". The Guardian. To complicate matters, some emoji are also emoticons [...] the emoji which depict emotive faces are separated out as "emoticons".

thelightmag.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Mahfood, Rene (2016). "Emoji Users Are Shaping The Future Of Messaging". The Light Magazine. Archived from the original on August 5, 2017.

unicode.org (Global: 691^st place; English: 581^st place)

"Emoji Encoding Principles". Unicode Consortium.
"22.9 Miscellaneous Symbols (§ Emoticons: U+1F600–U+1F64F)". The Unicode Standard: Core Specification (PDF). Version 13.0. Unicode Consortium. 2020. p. 866.
"Emoticons" (PDF). The Unicode Consortium.

upenn.edu (Global: 784^th place; English: 498^th place)

repository.upenn.edu

Schnoebelen, Tyler (2012). "Do You Smile with Your Nose? Stylistic Variation in Twitter Emoticons". University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics. 18 (2). Retrieved January 22, 2020.

vice.com (Global: 247^th place; English: 175^th place)

Smith, Ernie (November 13, 2017). "The Greatest Computer Network You've Never Heard Of". Vice.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"emoticon - Definition of emoticon in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries - English. Archived from the original on August 28, 2017.
"The History of Smiley Marks". Staff.aist.go.jp. Archived from the original on December 3, 2012. Retrieved March 14, 2013.
Yasumoto-Nicolson, Ken (September 19, 2007). "The History of Smiley Marks (English)". Whatjapanthinks.com. Archived from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2017.
N'Diaye, Karim (January 8, 2009) [2006]. "Cross-cultural investigation of Smileys". International cognition & culture institute. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
":-) turns 25". CNN.com. Associated Press. September 20, 2007. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007.
"Le Dico smiley". Archambault. Archived from the original on December 8, 2025. Retrieved May 21, 2025.
Mahfood, Rene (2016). "Emoji Users Are Shaping The Future Of Messaging". The Light Magazine. Archived from the original on August 5, 2017.
"Avec le smiley, 'on arrive à décontracter tout le monde'" [With the smiley, 'we get to relax everybody']. Europe 1 (in French). February 4, 2016. Archived from the original on August 5, 2017. Retrieved July 16, 2017.
Quann, Jack (July 17, 2015). "A picture paints a thousand words: Today is World Emoji Day". newstalk.com. Archived from the original on August 11, 2015.
Hervez, Marc (May 9, 2016). "Qui a inventé le Smiley ? Son histoire va vous surprendre..." [Who invented the Smiley? Its history will surprise you...]. Le Parisien (in French). Archived from the original on May 10, 2019.
心情很orz嗎？網路象形文字幽默一下 [Feeling orz? Humor with Internet Hieroglyphics]. Nownews.com. January 20, 2005. Archived from the original on November 15, 2012. Retrieved March 14, 2013.
TECHSIDE FF11板の過去ログです [TECHSIDE FF11 board archives] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on April 30, 2003. Retrieved September 17, 2018. ＜正直＞アフターバーナー予約してしまいました_|￣|○←早速使ってみるw (12/23 00:20)
＜ルン＞/土下座_|￣| ○のび助　　···駄目だ、完全に遅れた (12/23 23:09)
Tomić, Maja Katarina; Martinez, Marijana; Vrbanec, Tedo (2013). "Emoticons". ยืนยันอีเมลแล้วที่. 1 (1): 41. Archived from the original on December 10, 2025. Retrieved August 3, 2024 – via Google Scholar.
"The Creators of Trillian and Trillian Pro IM Clients". Cerulean Studios. Archived from the original on May 1, 2010. Retrieved March 14, 2013.
High, Kamau (August 9, 2007). "MTV Combats 'Sucky' Relationships". adweek.com. Archived from the original on December 25, 2007.
Schwartz, John (January 29, 2001). "Compressed Data; Don't Mind That Lawsuit, It's Just a Joke". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 17, 2016.
"Tavaramerkkilehti" (PDF). Tavaramerkkilehti (10): 27–28. May 31, 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 20, 2007. Retrieved June 16, 2007.

whatjapanthinks.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Yasumoto-Nicolson, Ken (September 19, 2007). "The History of Smiley Marks (English)". Whatjapanthinks.com. Archived from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2017.

wired.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 178^th place)

Long, Tony (September 19, 2008). "Sept. 19, 1982: Can't You Take a Joke? :-)". Wired. Fahlman became the acknowledged originator of the ASCII-based emoticon.
Pardes, Arielle (February 1, 2018). "The Wired Guide to Emoji". Wired.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Gajadhar, Joan; Green, John (2005). "The Importance of Nonverbal Elements in Online Chat" (PDF). EDUCAUSE Quarterly. 28 (4): 63–64. ISSN 1528-5324.
Houston, Keith (September 28, 2013). "Something to Smile About". The Wall Street Journal. p. C3. ISSN 0099-9660.
The Harvard Lampoon, Vol. 112 No. 1, September 16, 1936, pp. 30–31. ISSN 0017-8098
MAD Magazine No. 73, September 1962, pp. 36–37. ISSN 0024-9319
Nabokov, Vladimir (1990). Strong Opinions (1st Vintage international ed.). New York: Vintage Books. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-679-72609-8. OCLC 1035656350.

wsj.com (Global: 94^th place; English: 66^th place)

Houston, Keith (September 28, 2013). "Something to Smile About". The Wall Street Journal. p. C3. ISSN 0099-9660.

Emoticon (English Wikipedia)

179.189 (Global: low place; English: low place)

210.136.179.189

90daykorean.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

adweek.com (Global: 1,542nd place; English: 764th place)

ahdictionary.com (Global: 4,364th place; English: 2,759th place)

aist.go.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

staff.aist.go.jp

appinstitute.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

archambault.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

ase.ro (Global: low place; English: low place)

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bbc.co.uk (Global: 11th place; English: 10th place)

bbc.co.uk

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boingboing.net (Global: 4,539th place; English: 2,785th place)

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cambridge.org (Global: 209th place; English: 151st place)

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ceruleanstudios.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

cmu.edu (Global: 2,125th place; English: 1,347th place)

cs.cmu.edu

cnn.com (Global: 36th place; English: 26th place)

cognitionandculture.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

collinsdictionary.com (Global: 1,831st place; English: 1,216th place)

creativereview.co.uk (Global: low place; English: 8,819th place)

cyberdefinitions.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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dfnt.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

digit.in (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

educause.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

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emojipedia.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

espacenet.com (Global: 950th place; English: 813th place)

worldwide.espacenet.com

europe1.fr (Global: 1,608th place; English: 5,984th place)

futurezone.at (Global: low place; English: low place)

groovy-lang.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

docs.groovy-lang.org

groups.google.com (Global: 2,153rd place; English: 1,445th place)

ha.com (Global: low place; English: 7,819th place)

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hooksmagazine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

iltalehti.fi (Global: 834th place; English: 2,868th place)

leparisien.fr (Global: 196th place; English: 965th place)

muzicons.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

newrepublic.com (Global: 2,046th place; English: 1,108th place)

newstalk.com (Global: low place; English: 9,536th place)

nownews.com (Global: 1,586th place; English: 8,618th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

nytimes.com

cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com

oxforddictionaries.com (Global: 1,689th place; English: 1,562nd place)

en.oxforddictionaries.com

polona.pl (Global: 1,966th place; English: low place)

prh.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

tavaramerkki.prh.fi

researchgate.net (Global: 96th place; English: 89th place)

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sourceforge.net (Global: 1,842nd place; English: 1,520th place)

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hrcak.srce.hr

theatlantic.com (Global: 322nd place; English: 198th place)

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theguardian.com (Global: 16th place; English: 11th place)

thelightmag.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

unicode.org (Global: 691st place; English: 581st place)

upenn.edu (Global: 784th place; English: 498th place)

repository.upenn.edu

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worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

adweek.com (Global: 1,542^nd place; English: 764^th place)

ahdictionary.com (Global: 4,364^th place; English: 2,759^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

boingboing.net (Global: 4,539^th place; English: 2,785^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

cmu.edu (Global: 2,125^th place; English: 1,347^th place)

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

collinsdictionary.com (Global: 1,831^st place; English: 1,216^th place)

creativereview.co.uk (Global: low place; English: 8,819^th place)

dailysabah.com (Global: 2,486^th place; English: 1,876^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

espacenet.com (Global: 950^th place; English: 813^th place)

europe1.fr (Global: 1,608^th place; English: 5,984^th place)

groups.google.com (Global: 2,153^rd place; English: 1,445^th place)

ha.com (Global: low place; English: 7,819^th place)

iltalehti.fi (Global: 834^th place; English: 2,868^th place)

leparisien.fr (Global: 196^th place; English: 965^th place)

newrepublic.com (Global: 2,046^th place; English: 1,108^th place)

newstalk.com (Global: low place; English: 9,536^th place)

nownews.com (Global: 1,586^th place; English: 8,618^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

oxforddictionaries.com (Global: 1,689^th place; English: 1,562^nd place)

polona.pl (Global: 1,966^th place; English: low place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

slate.com (Global: 409^th place; English: 260^th place)

snopes.com (Global: 1,669^th place; English: 1,125^th place)

sourceforge.net (Global: 1,842^nd place; English: 1,520^th place)

srce.hr (Global: 1,163^rd place; English: 1,174^th place)

theatlantic.com (Global: 322^nd place; English: 198^th place)

thedailybeast.com (Global: 517^th place; English: 315^th place)

thedrum.com (Global: 8,360^th place; English: 4,596^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

unicode.org (Global: 691^st place; English: 581^st place)

upenn.edu (Global: 784^th place; English: 498^th place)

vice.com (Global: 247^th place; English: 175^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wired.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 178^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

wsj.com (Global: 94^th place; English: 66^th place)