Empathising–systemising theory (English Wikipedia)

Minio-Paluello, Ilaria; Lombardo, Michael V.; Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Wheelwright, Sally; Baron-Cohen, Simon (December 2009). "Response to Smith's Letter to the Editor "Emotional Empathy in Autism Spectrum Conditions: Weak, Intact, or Heightened?"" (PDF). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 39 (12): 1749–1754. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0800-x. S2CID 42834991.
See also:
Smith, Adam (December 2009). "Emotional Empathy in Autism Spectrum Conditions: Weak, Intact, or Heightened?". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 39 (12): 1747–1748. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0799-z. PMID 19572192. S2CID 13290717.

doi.org

Buchen, Lizzie (2 November 2011). "Scientists and autism: When geeks meet". Nature. 479 (7371): 25–27. Bibcode:2011Natur.479...25B. doi:10.1038/479025a. PMID 22051657.
Baron-Cohen, Simon; Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.; Belmonte, Matthew K. (4 November 2005). "Sex differences in the brain: implications for explaining autism" (PDF). Science. 310 (5749): 819–823. Bibcode:2005Sci...310..819B. doi:10.1126/science.1115455. PMID 16272115. S2CID 44330420.
Extracted in:
Kessel, Cathy (15 November 2011). "Half of Women Do Not Have "Female Brains" (blog)". mathedck.wordpress.com. Mathematics and Education via WordPress.
Billington, Jac; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Wheelwright, Sally (4 November 2005). "Cognitive style predicts entry into physical sciences and humanities: Questionnaire and performance tests of empathy and systemizing" (PDF). Learning and Individual Differences. 17 (3): 260–268. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2007.02.004.
Baron-Cohen, Simon (2009). "Autism: The Empathizing–Systemizing (E-S) Theory". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1156 (The Year in Cognitive Neuroscience 2009): 68–80. Bibcode:2009NYASA1156...68B. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04467.x. PMID 19338503. S2CID 1440395.
Andrew, J.; Cooke, M.; Muncer, Steven J. (April 2008). "The relationship between empathy and Machiavellianism: an alternative to empathizing–systemizing theory". Personality and Individual Differences. 44 (5): 1203–1211. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.11.014.
Jarrold, Christopher; Routh, David A. (September 1998). "Is there really a link between engineering and autism?". Autism. 2 (3): 281–289. doi:10.1177/1362361398023006. S2CID 145486904.
Baron-Cohen, S. (2002). "The extreme male brain theory of autism". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 6 (6): 248–254. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01904-6. PMID 12039606. S2CID 8098723.
Feest, Uljana, ed. (2009). "Contents (pp. v—vi)". Historical Perspectives on Erklären and Verstehen. Archimedes. Vol. 21. Springer Science+Business Media. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3540-0. ISBN 978-9-048-13540-0.
Baron-Cohen, S. (2008). "Autism, hypersystemizing, and truth" (PDF). The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 61 (1): 64–75. doi:10.1080/17470210701508749. PMID 18038339. S2CID 956692. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-07-30. Retrieved 2009-06-09.
Baron-Cohen, Simon (January 1990). "Autism: A Specific Cognitive Disorder of & lsquo;Mind-Blindness'". International Review of Psychiatry. 2 (1): 81–90. doi:10.3109/09540269009028274. ISSN 0954-0261.
Betancur, Catalina (2011-03-22). "Etiological heterogeneity in autism spectrum disorders: More than 100 genetic and genomic disorders and still counting". Brain Research. The Emerging Neuroscience of Autism Spectrum Disorders. 1380: 42–77. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.078. ISSN 0006-8993. PMID 21129364. S2CID 41429306.
Mottron, Laurent; Bzdok, Danilo (2020-04-30). "Autism spectrum heterogeneity: fact or artifact?". Molecular Psychiatry. 25 (12): 3178–3185. doi:10.1038/s41380-020-0748-y. ISSN 1359-4184. PMC 7714694. PMID 32355335. S2CID 216649632.
Lombardo, Michael V.; Baron-Cohen, Simon (March 2011). "The role of the self in mindblindness in autism". Consciousness and Cognition. 20 (1): 130–140. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2010.09.006. ISSN 1053-8100. PMID 20932779. S2CID 18514954.
Auyeung, Bonnie; Wheelwright, Sally; Allison, Carrie; Atkinson, Matthew; Samarawickrema, Nelum; Baron-Cohen, Simon (November 2009). "The children's Empathy Quotient and Systemizing Quotient: sex differences in typical development and in autism spectrum conditions" (PDF). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 39 (11): 1509–1521. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0772-x. PMID 19533317. S2CID 15240580.
Baron-Cohen, Simon; Wheelwright, Sally (April 2004). "The Empathy Quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger Syndrome or High Functioning Autism, and normal sex differences" (PDF). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 34 (2): 163–175. doi:10.1023/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00. PMID 15162935. S2CID 2663853.
Golan, Ofer; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Hill, Jacqueline (February 2006). "The Cambridge Mindreading (CAM) Face-Voice Battery: testing complex emotion recognition in adults with and without Asperger Syndrome" (PDF). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 36 (2): 169–183. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.654.9979. doi:10.1007/s10803-005-0057-y. PMID 16477515. S2CID 2650204.
Lawson, John; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Wheelwright, Sally (June 2004). "Empathising and systemising in adults with and without Asperger Syndrome" (PDF). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 34 (3): 301–310. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.556.8339. doi:10.1023/B:JADD.0000029552.42724.1b. PMID 15264498. S2CID 6087625.
Greenberg, David M.; Warrier, Varun; Allison, Carrie; Baron-Cohen, Simon (2018-11-27). "Testing the Empathizing–Systemizing theory of sex differences and the Extreme Male Brain theory of autism in half a million people". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (48): 12152–12157. Bibcode:2018PNAS..11512152G. doi:10.1073/pnas.1811032115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6275492. PMID 30420503.
Greenberg, David M.; Warrier, Varun; Allison, Carrie; Baron-Cohen, Simon (2018-11-27). "Testing the Empathizing–Systemizing theory of sex differences and the Extreme Male Brain theory of autism in half a million people". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (48): 12152–12157. doi:10.1073/pnas.1811032115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6275492. PMID 30420503.
Baron-Cohen, Simon; Lombardo, Michael V.; Auyeung, Bonnie; Ashwin, Emma; Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Knickmeyer, Rebecca (June 2011). "Why are Autism Spectrum conditions more prevalent in males?". PLOS Biology. 9 (6): e10011081. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001081. PMC 3114757. PMID 21695109.
Auyeung, Bonnie; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Chapman, Emma; Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.; Taylor, Kevin; Hackett, Gerald (1 November 2006). "Foetal testosterone and the child systemizing quotient". European Journal of Endocrinology. 155 (s1): S123 – S130. doi:10.1530/eje.1.02260.
Chapman, Emma; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Auyeung, Bonnie; Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.; Taylor, Kevin; Hackett, Gerald (2006). "Foetal testosterone and empathy: evidence from the empathy quotient (EQ) and the "reading the mind in the eyes" test". Social Neuroscience. 1 (2): 135–148. doi:10.1080/17470910600992239. PMID 18633782. S2CID 6713869.
Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Raggatt, Peter; Taylor, Kevin; Hackett, Gerald (March 2006). "Fetal testosterone and empathy". Hormones and Behavior. 49 (3): 282–292. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.08.010. PMID 16226265. S2CID 13044097.
Krieser, Nicole L.; White, Susan W. (March 2014). "ASD in females: are we overstating the gender difference in diagnosis?". Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review. 17 (1): 67–84. doi:10.1007/s10567-013-0148-9. PMID 23836119. S2CID 23881206.
Ingudomnukul, Erin; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Wheelwright, Sally; Knickmeyer, Rebecca C. (May 2007). "Elevated rates of testosterone-related disorders in women with autism spectrum conditions". Hormones and Behavior. 51 (5): 597–604. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.02.001. PMID 17462645. S2CID 32291065.
Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Auyeung, Bonnie; Ashwin, Emma (May 2008). "How to test the extreme male brain theory of autism in terms of foetal androgens?". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 38 (5): 995–996. doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0553-y. PMID 18327635. S2CID 21165381.
Baron-Cohen, Simon (2005). "Testing the extreme male brain (EMB) theory of autism: Let the data speak for themselves" (PDF). Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. 10 (1): 77–81. doi:10.1080/13546800344000336. PMID 16571453. S2CID 45293688.
See also:
Ellis, Hayden D. (2005). "Book review: Baron-Cohen, Simon (2003): The essential difference: Men, women and the extreme male brain". Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. 10 (1): 73–75. doi:10.1080/13546800344000273. S2CID 218577642.
Baron-Cohen S, Auyeung B, Nørgaard-Pedersen B, Hougaard DM, Abdallah MW, Melgaard L, et al. (March 2015). "Elevated fetal steroidogenic activity in autism". Molecular Psychiatry. 20 (3): 369–76. doi:10.1038/mp.2014.48. PMC 4184868. PMID 24888361.
Benenson, Joyce F. (10 July 2003). "Sex on the brain". Nature. 424 (6945): 132–133. Bibcode:2003Natur.424..132B. doi:10.1038/424132b.
Baron-Cohen, Simon (2010), "Empathizing, systemizing, and the extreme male brain theory of autism", Savic, Ivanka, ed. (2010). Sex differences in the human brain, their underpinnings and implications. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 186. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 167–175. ISBN 9780444536303.
Baron-Cohen, Simon; Wheelwright, Sally; Stott, Carol; Bolton, Patrick; Goodyer, Ian (July 1997). "Is there a link between engineering and autism?". Autism. 1 (1): 101–109. doi:10.1177/1362361397011010. S2CID 145375886.
Luders, Eileen; Toga, Arthur W.; Thompson, Paul M. (1 January 2014). "Why size matters: Differences in brain volume account for apparent sex differences in callosal anatomy: The sexual dimorphism of the corpus callosum". NeuroImage. 84: 820–824. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.040. PMC 3867125. PMID 24064068.
Bruner, Emiliano; de la Cuétara, José Manuel; Colom, Roberto; Martin-Loeches, Manuel (April 2012). "Gender-based differences in the shape of the human corpus callosum are associated with allometric variations". Journal of Anatomy. 220 (4): 417–421. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01476.x. PMC 3375777. PMID 22296183.
Frazier, Thomas W.; Hardan, Antonio Y. (15 November 2009). "A meta-analysis of the corpus callosum in autism". Biological Psychiatry. 66 (10): 935–941. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.07.022. PMC 2783565. PMID 19748080.
Anderson, Jeffrey S.; et al. (May 2011). "Decreased interhemispheric functional connectivity in autism". Cerebral Cortex. 21 (5): 1134–1146. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq190. PMC 3077433. PMID 20943668.
Teatero, Missy L.; Netley, Charles (November 2013). "A critical review of the research on the extreme male brain theory and digit ratio (2D:4D)". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 43 (11): 2664–2676. doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1819-6. PMID 23575643. S2CID 5165487.
Baron-Cohen, Simon; et al. (May 2013). "Autism traits in individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 43 (5): 1106–1118. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1653-2. PMC 3625480. PMID 23054201.
See also:
Frazier, Thomas W.; Keshavan, Matcheri S.; Minshew, Nancy J.; Hardan, Antonio Y. (November 2012). "A two-year longitudinal MRI study of the corpus callosum in autism". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 42 (11): 2312–2322. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1478-z. PMC 4384817. PMID 22350341.
Barnea-Goraly, Naama; Frazier, Thomas W.; Piacenza, Lucia; Minshew, Nancy J.; Keshavan, Matcheri S.; Reiss, Allan L.; Hardan, Antonio Y. (3 January 2014). "A preliminary longitudinal volumetric MRI study of amygdala and hippocampal volumes in autism". Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 48: 124–128. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.09.010. PMC 8655120. PMID 24075822. S2CID 35129120.
Auyeung, Bonnie; Ahluwalia, Jag; Thomson, Lynn; Taylor, Kevin; Hackett, Gerald; O'Donnell, Kieran J.; Baron-Cohen, Simon (December 2012). "Prenatal versus postnatal sex steroid hormone effects on autistic traits in children at 18 to 24 months of age". Molecular Autism. 3 (1): 17. doi:10.1186/2040-2392-3-17. PMC 3554559. PMID 23231861.
Baron-Cohen, Simon; et al. (1 September 2013). "Biological sex affects the neurobiology of autism". Brain: A Journal of Neurology. 136 (9): 2799–2815. doi:10.1093/brain/awt216. PMC 3754459. PMID 23935125.
Minio-Paluello, Ilaria; Lombardo, Michael V.; Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Wheelwright, Sally; Baron-Cohen, Simon (December 2009). "Response to Smith's Letter to the Editor "Emotional Empathy in Autism Spectrum Conditions: Weak, Intact, or Heightened?"" (PDF). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 39 (12): 1749–1754. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0800-x. S2CID 42834991.
See also:
Smith, Adam (December 2009). "Emotional Empathy in Autism Spectrum Conditions: Weak, Intact, or Heightened?". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 39 (12): 1747–1748. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0799-z. PMID 19572192. S2CID 13290717.
Lamm, Claus; Batson, C. Daniel; Decety, Jean (January 2007). "The neural substrate of human empathy: Effects of perspective-taking and cognitive appraisal". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 19 (1): 42–58. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.511.3950. doi:10.1162/jocn.2007.19.1.42. PMID 17214562. S2CID 2828843.
Rogers, Kimberley; Dziobek, Isabel; Hassenstab, Jason; Wolf, Oliver T.; Convit, Antonio (April 2007). "Who cares? Revisiting empathy in Asperger syndrome" (PDF). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 37 (4): 709–715. doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0197-8. PMID 16906462. S2CID 13999363. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-07-16. Retrieved 2015-07-10.
Gillberg, Christopher L. (July 1992). "The Emanuel Miller Memorial Lecture 1991 — Autism and autistic-like conditions: subclasses among disorders of empathy". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 33 (5): 813–842. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x. PMID 1634591.
Roeyers, Herbert; Buysse, Ann; Ponnet, Koen; Pichal, Bert (February 2001). "Advancing advanced mind-reading tests: empathic accuracy in adults with a pervasive developmental disorder". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 42 (2): 271–278. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00718. PMID 11280423.
Levy, Neil (September 2004). "Book review: Understanding blindness". Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences. 3 (3): 315–324. doi:10.1023/B:PHEN.0000049328.20506.a1. S2CID 145491944.
Buchen, Lizzie (2 November 2011). "Scientists and autism: When geeks meet". Nature. 479 (7371): 25–27. Bibcode:2011Natur.479...25B. doi:10.1038/479025a. PMID 22051657.
Spelke, Elizabeth S. (December 2005). "Sex differences in intrinsic aptitude for mathematics and science?: A critical review" (PDF). American Psychologist. 60 (9): 950–958. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.69.5544. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.60.9.950. PMID 16366817.
Maylott, Sarah E.; Sansone, Jilian R.; Jakobsen, Krisztina V.; Simpson, Elizabeth A. (July 2021). "Superior Detection of Faces in Male Infants at 2 Months". Child Development. 92 (4). doi:10.1111/cdev.13543. ISSN 0009-3920.
Portugal, Ana Maria; Viktorsson, Charlotte; Taylor, Mark J.; Mason, Luke; Tammimies, Kristiina; Ronald, Angelica; Falck-Ytter, Terje (2023-11-27). "Infants' looking preferences for social versus non-social objects reflect genetic variation". Nature Human Behaviour. 8 (1): 115–124. doi:10.1038/s41562-023-01764-w. ISSN 2397-3374. PMC 10810753. PMID 38012276.
Halpern, Diane F. (3 December 2010). "How neuromythologies support sex role stereotypes". Science. 330 (6009): 1320–1321. Bibcode:2010Sci...330.1320H. doi:10.1126/science.1198057. S2CID 178308134.
Eliot, Lise (2019-02-27). "Neurosexism: the myth that men and women have different brains". Nature. 566 (7745): 453–454. Bibcode:2019Natur.566..453E. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00677-x.

dx.doi.org

Mottron, Laurent; Bzdok, Danilo (2020-04-30). "Autism spectrum heterogeneity: fact or artifact?". Molecular Psychiatry. 25 (12): 3178–3185. doi:10.1038/s41380-020-0748-y. ISSN 1359-4184. PMC 7714694. PMID 32355335. S2CID 216649632.
Lombardo, Michael V.; Baron-Cohen, Simon (March 2011). "The role of the self in mindblindness in autism". Consciousness and Cognition. 20 (1): 130–140. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2010.09.006. ISSN 1053-8100. PMID 20932779. S2CID 18514954.

ed.ac.uk

wiki.inf.ed.ac.uk

Lawson, John; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Wheelwright, Sally (June 2004). "Empathising and systemising in adults with and without Asperger Syndrome" (PDF). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 34 (3): 301–310. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.556.8339. doi:10.1023/B:JADD.0000029552.42724.1b. PMID 15264498. S2CID 6087625.

europa.eu

cordis.europa.eu

"Exploring babies' preferences for faces or objects". CORDIS | European Commission. Retrieved 2024-12-01.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Buchen, Lizzie (2 November 2011). "Scientists and autism: When geeks meet". Nature. 479 (7371): 25–27. Bibcode:2011Natur.479...25B. doi:10.1038/479025a. PMID 22051657.
Baron-Cohen, Simon; Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.; Belmonte, Matthew K. (4 November 2005). "Sex differences in the brain: implications for explaining autism" (PDF). Science. 310 (5749): 819–823. Bibcode:2005Sci...310..819B. doi:10.1126/science.1115455. PMID 16272115. S2CID 44330420.
Extracted in:
Kessel, Cathy (15 November 2011). "Half of Women Do Not Have "Female Brains" (blog)". mathedck.wordpress.com. Mathematics and Education via WordPress.
Baron-Cohen, Simon (2009). "Autism: The Empathizing–Systemizing (E-S) Theory". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1156 (The Year in Cognitive Neuroscience 2009): 68–80. Bibcode:2009NYASA1156...68B. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04467.x. PMID 19338503. S2CID 1440395.
Greenberg, David M.; Warrier, Varun; Allison, Carrie; Baron-Cohen, Simon (2018-11-27). "Testing the Empathizing–Systemizing theory of sex differences and the Extreme Male Brain theory of autism in half a million people". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (48): 12152–12157. Bibcode:2018PNAS..11512152G. doi:10.1073/pnas.1811032115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6275492. PMID 30420503.
Benenson, Joyce F. (10 July 2003). "Sex on the brain". Nature. 424 (6945): 132–133. Bibcode:2003Natur.424..132B. doi:10.1038/424132b.
Buchen, Lizzie (2 November 2011). "Scientists and autism: When geeks meet". Nature. 479 (7371): 25–27. Bibcode:2011Natur.479...25B. doi:10.1038/479025a. PMID 22051657.
Halpern, Diane F. (3 December 2010). "How neuromythologies support sex role stereotypes". Science. 330 (6009): 1320–1321. Bibcode:2010Sci...330.1320H. doi:10.1126/science.1198057. S2CID 178308134.
Eliot, Lise (2019-02-27). "Neurosexism: the myth that men and women have different brains". Nature. 566 (7745): 453–454. Bibcode:2019Natur.566..453E. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00677-x.

software.rc.fas.harvard.edu

Spelke, Elizabeth S. (December 2005). "Sex differences in intrinsic aptitude for mathematics and science?: A critical review" (PDF). American Psychologist. 60 (9): 950–958. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.69.5544. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.60.9.950. PMID 16366817.

howtoacademy.com

"How To Academy Podcast Episode 3 - The Gendered Brain Debate". How To Academy. Retrieved 2020-01-02.

mathedck.wordpress.com

Baron-Cohen, Simon; Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.; Belmonte, Matthew K. (4 November 2005). "Sex differences in the brain: implications for explaining autism" (PDF). Science. 310 (5749): 819–823. Bibcode:2005Sci...310..819B. doi:10.1126/science.1115455. PMID 16272115. S2CID 44330420.
Extracted in:
Kessel, Cathy (15 November 2011). "Half of Women Do Not Have "Female Brains" (blog)". mathedck.wordpress.com. Mathematics and Education via WordPress.

nature.com

Portugal, Ana Maria; Viktorsson, Charlotte; Taylor, Mark J.; Mason, Luke; Tammimies, Kristiina; Ronald, Angelica; Falck-Ytter, Terje (2023-11-27). "Infants' looking preferences for social versus non-social objects reflect genetic variation". Nature Human Behaviour. 8 (1): 115–124. doi:10.1038/s41562-023-01764-w. ISSN 2397-3374. PMC 10810753. PMID 38012276.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Buchen, Lizzie (2 November 2011). "Scientists and autism: When geeks meet". Nature. 479 (7371): 25–27. Bibcode:2011Natur.479...25B. doi:10.1038/479025a. PMID 22051657.
Baron-Cohen, Simon; Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.; Belmonte, Matthew K. (4 November 2005). "Sex differences in the brain: implications for explaining autism" (PDF). Science. 310 (5749): 819–823. Bibcode:2005Sci...310..819B. doi:10.1126/science.1115455. PMID 16272115. S2CID 44330420.
Extracted in:
Kessel, Cathy (15 November 2011). "Half of Women Do Not Have "Female Brains" (blog)". mathedck.wordpress.com. Mathematics and Education via WordPress.
Baron-Cohen, Simon (2009). "Autism: The Empathizing–Systemizing (E-S) Theory". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1156 (The Year in Cognitive Neuroscience 2009): 68–80. Bibcode:2009NYASA1156...68B. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04467.x. PMID 19338503. S2CID 1440395.
Baron-Cohen, S. (2002). "The extreme male brain theory of autism". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 6 (6): 248–254. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01904-6. PMID 12039606. S2CID 8098723.
Baron-Cohen, S. (2008). "Autism, hypersystemizing, and truth" (PDF). The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 61 (1): 64–75. doi:10.1080/17470210701508749. PMID 18038339. S2CID 956692. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-07-30. Retrieved 2009-06-09.
Betancur, Catalina (2011-03-22). "Etiological heterogeneity in autism spectrum disorders: More than 100 genetic and genomic disorders and still counting". Brain Research. The Emerging Neuroscience of Autism Spectrum Disorders. 1380: 42–77. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.078. ISSN 0006-8993. PMID 21129364. S2CID 41429306.
Mottron, Laurent; Bzdok, Danilo (2020-04-30). "Autism spectrum heterogeneity: fact or artifact?". Molecular Psychiatry. 25 (12): 3178–3185. doi:10.1038/s41380-020-0748-y. ISSN 1359-4184. PMC 7714694. PMID 32355335. S2CID 216649632.
Lombardo, Michael V.; Baron-Cohen, Simon (March 2011). "The role of the self in mindblindness in autism". Consciousness and Cognition. 20 (1): 130–140. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2010.09.006. ISSN 1053-8100. PMID 20932779. S2CID 18514954.
Auyeung, Bonnie; Wheelwright, Sally; Allison, Carrie; Atkinson, Matthew; Samarawickrema, Nelum; Baron-Cohen, Simon (November 2009). "The children's Empathy Quotient and Systemizing Quotient: sex differences in typical development and in autism spectrum conditions" (PDF). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 39 (11): 1509–1521. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0772-x. PMID 19533317. S2CID 15240580.
Baron-Cohen, Simon; Wheelwright, Sally (April 2004). "The Empathy Quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger Syndrome or High Functioning Autism, and normal sex differences" (PDF). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 34 (2): 163–175. doi:10.1023/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00. PMID 15162935. S2CID 2663853.
Golan, Ofer; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Hill, Jacqueline (February 2006). "The Cambridge Mindreading (CAM) Face-Voice Battery: testing complex emotion recognition in adults with and without Asperger Syndrome" (PDF). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 36 (2): 169–183. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.654.9979. doi:10.1007/s10803-005-0057-y. PMID 16477515. S2CID 2650204.
Lawson, John; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Wheelwright, Sally (June 2004). "Empathising and systemising in adults with and without Asperger Syndrome" (PDF). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 34 (3): 301–310. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.556.8339. doi:10.1023/B:JADD.0000029552.42724.1b. PMID 15264498. S2CID 6087625.
Greenberg, David M.; Warrier, Varun; Allison, Carrie; Baron-Cohen, Simon (2018-11-27). "Testing the Empathizing–Systemizing theory of sex differences and the Extreme Male Brain theory of autism in half a million people". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (48): 12152–12157. Bibcode:2018PNAS..11512152G. doi:10.1073/pnas.1811032115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6275492. PMID 30420503.
Greenberg, David M.; Warrier, Varun; Allison, Carrie; Baron-Cohen, Simon (2018-11-27). "Testing the Empathizing–Systemizing theory of sex differences and the Extreme Male Brain theory of autism in half a million people". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (48): 12152–12157. doi:10.1073/pnas.1811032115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6275492. PMID 30420503.
Baron-Cohen, Simon; Lombardo, Michael V.; Auyeung, Bonnie; Ashwin, Emma; Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Knickmeyer, Rebecca (June 2011). "Why are Autism Spectrum conditions more prevalent in males?". PLOS Biology. 9 (6): e10011081. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001081. PMC 3114757. PMID 21695109.
Chapman, Emma; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Auyeung, Bonnie; Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.; Taylor, Kevin; Hackett, Gerald (2006). "Foetal testosterone and empathy: evidence from the empathy quotient (EQ) and the "reading the mind in the eyes" test". Social Neuroscience. 1 (2): 135–148. doi:10.1080/17470910600992239. PMID 18633782. S2CID 6713869.
Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Raggatt, Peter; Taylor, Kevin; Hackett, Gerald (March 2006). "Fetal testosterone and empathy". Hormones and Behavior. 49 (3): 282–292. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.08.010. PMID 16226265. S2CID 13044097.
Krieser, Nicole L.; White, Susan W. (March 2014). "ASD in females: are we overstating the gender difference in diagnosis?". Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review. 17 (1): 67–84. doi:10.1007/s10567-013-0148-9. PMID 23836119. S2CID 23881206.
Ingudomnukul, Erin; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Wheelwright, Sally; Knickmeyer, Rebecca C. (May 2007). "Elevated rates of testosterone-related disorders in women with autism spectrum conditions". Hormones and Behavior. 51 (5): 597–604. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.02.001. PMID 17462645. S2CID 32291065.
Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Auyeung, Bonnie; Ashwin, Emma (May 2008). "How to test the extreme male brain theory of autism in terms of foetal androgens?". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 38 (5): 995–996. doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0553-y. PMID 18327635. S2CID 21165381.
Baron-Cohen, Simon (2005). "Testing the extreme male brain (EMB) theory of autism: Let the data speak for themselves" (PDF). Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. 10 (1): 77–81. doi:10.1080/13546800344000336. PMID 16571453. S2CID 45293688.
See also:
Ellis, Hayden D. (2005). "Book review: Baron-Cohen, Simon (2003): The essential difference: Men, women and the extreme male brain". Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. 10 (1): 73–75. doi:10.1080/13546800344000273. S2CID 218577642.
Baron-Cohen S, Auyeung B, Nørgaard-Pedersen B, Hougaard DM, Abdallah MW, Melgaard L, et al. (March 2015). "Elevated fetal steroidogenic activity in autism". Molecular Psychiatry. 20 (3): 369–76. doi:10.1038/mp.2014.48. PMC 4184868. PMID 24888361.
Luders, Eileen; Toga, Arthur W.; Thompson, Paul M. (1 January 2014). "Why size matters: Differences in brain volume account for apparent sex differences in callosal anatomy: The sexual dimorphism of the corpus callosum". NeuroImage. 84: 820–824. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.040. PMC 3867125. PMID 24064068.
Bruner, Emiliano; de la Cuétara, José Manuel; Colom, Roberto; Martin-Loeches, Manuel (April 2012). "Gender-based differences in the shape of the human corpus callosum are associated with allometric variations". Journal of Anatomy. 220 (4): 417–421. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01476.x. PMC 3375777. PMID 22296183.
Frazier, Thomas W.; Hardan, Antonio Y. (15 November 2009). "A meta-analysis of the corpus callosum in autism". Biological Psychiatry. 66 (10): 935–941. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.07.022. PMC 2783565. PMID 19748080.
Anderson, Jeffrey S.; et al. (May 2011). "Decreased interhemispheric functional connectivity in autism". Cerebral Cortex. 21 (5): 1134–1146. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq190. PMC 3077433. PMID 20943668.
Teatero, Missy L.; Netley, Charles (November 2013). "A critical review of the research on the extreme male brain theory and digit ratio (2D:4D)". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 43 (11): 2664–2676. doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1819-6. PMID 23575643. S2CID 5165487.
Baron-Cohen, Simon; et al. (May 2013). "Autism traits in individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 43 (5): 1106–1118. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1653-2. PMC 3625480. PMID 23054201.
See also:
Frazier, Thomas W.; Keshavan, Matcheri S.; Minshew, Nancy J.; Hardan, Antonio Y. (November 2012). "A two-year longitudinal MRI study of the corpus callosum in autism". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 42 (11): 2312–2322. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1478-z. PMC 4384817. PMID 22350341.
Barnea-Goraly, Naama; Frazier, Thomas W.; Piacenza, Lucia; Minshew, Nancy J.; Keshavan, Matcheri S.; Reiss, Allan L.; Hardan, Antonio Y. (3 January 2014). "A preliminary longitudinal volumetric MRI study of amygdala and hippocampal volumes in autism". Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 48: 124–128. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.09.010. PMC 8655120. PMID 24075822. S2CID 35129120.
Auyeung, Bonnie; Ahluwalia, Jag; Thomson, Lynn; Taylor, Kevin; Hackett, Gerald; O'Donnell, Kieran J.; Baron-Cohen, Simon (December 2012). "Prenatal versus postnatal sex steroid hormone effects on autistic traits in children at 18 to 24 months of age". Molecular Autism. 3 (1): 17. doi:10.1186/2040-2392-3-17. PMC 3554559. PMID 23231861.
Baron-Cohen, Simon; et al. (1 September 2013). "Biological sex affects the neurobiology of autism". Brain: A Journal of Neurology. 136 (9): 2799–2815. doi:10.1093/brain/awt216. PMC 3754459. PMID 23935125.
Minio-Paluello, Ilaria; Lombardo, Michael V.; Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Wheelwright, Sally; Baron-Cohen, Simon (December 2009). "Response to Smith's Letter to the Editor "Emotional Empathy in Autism Spectrum Conditions: Weak, Intact, or Heightened?"" (PDF). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 39 (12): 1749–1754. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0800-x. S2CID 42834991.
See also:
Smith, Adam (December 2009). "Emotional Empathy in Autism Spectrum Conditions: Weak, Intact, or Heightened?". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 39 (12): 1747–1748. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0799-z. PMID 19572192. S2CID 13290717.
Lamm, Claus; Batson, C. Daniel; Decety, Jean (January 2007). "The neural substrate of human empathy: Effects of perspective-taking and cognitive appraisal". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 19 (1): 42–58. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.511.3950. doi:10.1162/jocn.2007.19.1.42. PMID 17214562. S2CID 2828843.
Rogers, Kimberley; Dziobek, Isabel; Hassenstab, Jason; Wolf, Oliver T.; Convit, Antonio (April 2007). "Who cares? Revisiting empathy in Asperger syndrome" (PDF). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 37 (4): 709–715. doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0197-8. PMID 16906462. S2CID 13999363. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-07-16. Retrieved 2015-07-10.
Gillberg, Christopher L. (July 1992). "The Emanuel Miller Memorial Lecture 1991 — Autism and autistic-like conditions: subclasses among disorders of empathy". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 33 (5): 813–842. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x. PMID 1634591.
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Portugal, Ana Maria; Viktorsson, Charlotte; Taylor, Mark J.; Mason, Luke; Tammimies, Kristiina; Ronald, Angelica; Falck-Ytter, Terje (2023-11-27). "Infants' looking preferences for social versus non-social objects reflect genetic variation". Nature Human Behaviour. 8 (1): 115–124. doi:10.1038/s41562-023-01764-w. ISSN 2397-3374. PMC 10810753. PMID 38012276.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Mottron, Laurent; Bzdok, Danilo (2020-04-30). "Autism spectrum heterogeneity: fact or artifact?". Molecular Psychiatry. 25 (12): 3178–3185. doi:10.1038/s41380-020-0748-y. ISSN 1359-4184. PMC 7714694. PMID 32355335. S2CID 216649632.
Greenberg, David M.; Warrier, Varun; Allison, Carrie; Baron-Cohen, Simon (2018-11-27). "Testing the Empathizing–Systemizing theory of sex differences and the Extreme Male Brain theory of autism in half a million people". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (48): 12152–12157. Bibcode:2018PNAS..11512152G. doi:10.1073/pnas.1811032115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6275492. PMID 30420503.
Greenberg, David M.; Warrier, Varun; Allison, Carrie; Baron-Cohen, Simon (2018-11-27). "Testing the Empathizing–Systemizing theory of sex differences and the Extreme Male Brain theory of autism in half a million people". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (48): 12152–12157. doi:10.1073/pnas.1811032115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6275492. PMID 30420503.
Baron-Cohen, Simon; Lombardo, Michael V.; Auyeung, Bonnie; Ashwin, Emma; Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Knickmeyer, Rebecca (June 2011). "Why are Autism Spectrum conditions more prevalent in males?". PLOS Biology. 9 (6): e10011081. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001081. PMC 3114757. PMID 21695109.
Baron-Cohen S, Auyeung B, Nørgaard-Pedersen B, Hougaard DM, Abdallah MW, Melgaard L, et al. (March 2015). "Elevated fetal steroidogenic activity in autism". Molecular Psychiatry. 20 (3): 369–76. doi:10.1038/mp.2014.48. PMC 4184868. PMID 24888361.
Luders, Eileen; Toga, Arthur W.; Thompson, Paul M. (1 January 2014). "Why size matters: Differences in brain volume account for apparent sex differences in callosal anatomy: The sexual dimorphism of the corpus callosum". NeuroImage. 84: 820–824. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.040. PMC 3867125. PMID 24064068.
Bruner, Emiliano; de la Cuétara, José Manuel; Colom, Roberto; Martin-Loeches, Manuel (April 2012). "Gender-based differences in the shape of the human corpus callosum are associated with allometric variations". Journal of Anatomy. 220 (4): 417–421. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01476.x. PMC 3375777. PMID 22296183.
Frazier, Thomas W.; Hardan, Antonio Y. (15 November 2009). "A meta-analysis of the corpus callosum in autism". Biological Psychiatry. 66 (10): 935–941. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.07.022. PMC 2783565. PMID 19748080.
Anderson, Jeffrey S.; et al. (May 2011). "Decreased interhemispheric functional connectivity in autism". Cerebral Cortex. 21 (5): 1134–1146. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq190. PMC 3077433. PMID 20943668.
Baron-Cohen, Simon; et al. (May 2013). "Autism traits in individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 43 (5): 1106–1118. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1653-2. PMC 3625480. PMID 23054201.
See also:
Frazier, Thomas W.; Keshavan, Matcheri S.; Minshew, Nancy J.; Hardan, Antonio Y. (November 2012). "A two-year longitudinal MRI study of the corpus callosum in autism". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 42 (11): 2312–2322. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1478-z. PMC 4384817. PMID 22350341.
Barnea-Goraly, Naama; Frazier, Thomas W.; Piacenza, Lucia; Minshew, Nancy J.; Keshavan, Matcheri S.; Reiss, Allan L.; Hardan, Antonio Y. (3 January 2014). "A preliminary longitudinal volumetric MRI study of amygdala and hippocampal volumes in autism". Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 48: 124–128. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.09.010. PMC 8655120. PMID 24075822. S2CID 35129120.
Auyeung, Bonnie; Ahluwalia, Jag; Thomson, Lynn; Taylor, Kevin; Hackett, Gerald; O'Donnell, Kieran J.; Baron-Cohen, Simon (December 2012). "Prenatal versus postnatal sex steroid hormone effects on autistic traits in children at 18 to 24 months of age". Molecular Autism. 3 (1): 17. doi:10.1186/2040-2392-3-17. PMC 3554559. PMID 23231861.
Baron-Cohen, Simon; et al. (1 September 2013). "Biological sex affects the neurobiology of autism". Brain: A Journal of Neurology. 136 (9): 2799–2815. doi:10.1093/brain/awt216. PMC 3754459. PMID 23935125.
Portugal, Ana Maria; Viktorsson, Charlotte; Taylor, Mark J.; Mason, Luke; Tammimies, Kristiina; Ronald, Angelica; Falck-Ytter, Terje (2023-11-27). "Infants' looking preferences for social versus non-social objects reflect genetic variation". Nature Human Behaviour. 8 (1): 115–124. doi:10.1038/s41562-023-01764-w. ISSN 2397-3374. PMC 10810753. PMID 38012276.

nytimes.com

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pnas.org

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psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Golan, Ofer; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Hill, Jacqueline (February 2006). "The Cambridge Mindreading (CAM) Face-Voice Battery: testing complex emotion recognition in adults with and without Asperger Syndrome" (PDF). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 36 (2): 169–183. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.654.9979. doi:10.1007/s10803-005-0057-y. PMID 16477515. S2CID 2650204.
Lawson, John; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Wheelwright, Sally (June 2004). "Empathising and systemising in adults with and without Asperger Syndrome" (PDF). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 34 (3): 301–310. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.556.8339. doi:10.1023/B:JADD.0000029552.42724.1b. PMID 15264498. S2CID 6087625.
Lamm, Claus; Batson, C. Daniel; Decety, Jean (January 2007). "The neural substrate of human empathy: Effects of perspective-taking and cognitive appraisal". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 19 (1): 42–58. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.511.3950. doi:10.1162/jocn.2007.19.1.42. PMID 17214562. S2CID 2828843.
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ruhr-uni-bochum.de

cog.psy.ruhr-uni-bochum.de

Rogers, Kimberley; Dziobek, Isabel; Hassenstab, Jason; Wolf, Oliver T.; Convit, Antonio (April 2007). "Who cares? Revisiting empathy in Asperger syndrome" (PDF). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 37 (4): 709–715. doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0197-8. PMID 16906462. S2CID 13999363. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-07-16. Retrieved 2015-07-10.

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Chapman, Emma; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Auyeung, Bonnie; Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.; Taylor, Kevin; Hackett, Gerald (2006). "Foetal testosterone and empathy: evidence from the empathy quotient (EQ) and the "reading the mind in the eyes" test". Social Neuroscience. 1 (2): 135–148. doi:10.1080/17470910600992239. PMID 18633782. S2CID 6713869.
Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Raggatt, Peter; Taylor, Kevin; Hackett, Gerald (March 2006). "Fetal testosterone and empathy". Hormones and Behavior. 49 (3): 282–292. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.08.010. PMID 16226265. S2CID 13044097.
Krieser, Nicole L.; White, Susan W. (March 2014). "ASD in females: are we overstating the gender difference in diagnosis?". Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review. 17 (1): 67–84. doi:10.1007/s10567-013-0148-9. PMID 23836119. S2CID 23881206.
Ingudomnukul, Erin; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Wheelwright, Sally; Knickmeyer, Rebecca C. (May 2007). "Elevated rates of testosterone-related disorders in women with autism spectrum conditions". Hormones and Behavior. 51 (5): 597–604. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.02.001. PMID 17462645. S2CID 32291065.
Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Auyeung, Bonnie; Ashwin, Emma (May 2008). "How to test the extreme male brain theory of autism in terms of foetal androgens?". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 38 (5): 995–996. doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0553-y. PMID 18327635. S2CID 21165381.
Baron-Cohen, Simon (2005). "Testing the extreme male brain (EMB) theory of autism: Let the data speak for themselves" (PDF). Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. 10 (1): 77–81. doi:10.1080/13546800344000336. PMID 16571453. S2CID 45293688.
See also:
Ellis, Hayden D. (2005). "Book review: Baron-Cohen, Simon (2003): The essential difference: Men, women and the extreme male brain". Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. 10 (1): 73–75. doi:10.1080/13546800344000273. S2CID 218577642.
Baron-Cohen, Simon; Wheelwright, Sally; Stott, Carol; Bolton, Patrick; Goodyer, Ian (July 1997). "Is there a link between engineering and autism?". Autism. 1 (1): 101–109. doi:10.1177/1362361397011010. S2CID 145375886.
Teatero, Missy L.; Netley, Charles (November 2013). "A critical review of the research on the extreme male brain theory and digit ratio (2D:4D)". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 43 (11): 2664–2676. doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1819-6. PMID 23575643. S2CID 5165487.
Barnea-Goraly, Naama; Frazier, Thomas W.; Piacenza, Lucia; Minshew, Nancy J.; Keshavan, Matcheri S.; Reiss, Allan L.; Hardan, Antonio Y. (3 January 2014). "A preliminary longitudinal volumetric MRI study of amygdala and hippocampal volumes in autism". Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 48: 124–128. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.09.010. PMC 8655120. PMID 24075822. S2CID 35129120.
Minio-Paluello, Ilaria; Lombardo, Michael V.; Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Wheelwright, Sally; Baron-Cohen, Simon (December 2009). "Response to Smith's Letter to the Editor "Emotional Empathy in Autism Spectrum Conditions: Weak, Intact, or Heightened?"" (PDF). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 39 (12): 1749–1754. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0800-x. S2CID 42834991.
See also:
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