Endorphins (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Endorphins" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

54nih.gov

4^th place

34doi.org

2^nd place

9harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

2handle.net

102^nd place

76^th place

2nytimes.com

7^th place

1cuni.cz

3,645^th place

6,045^th place

1guidetopharmacology.org

low place

1clevelandclinic.org

4,925^th place

3,597^th place

1pbs.org

198^th place

154^th place

1books.google.com

3^rd place

1worldcat.org

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1medscimonit.com

low place

books.google.com

Purves D, Fitzpatrick D, Augustine GJ (2018). Neuroscience (6th ed.). New York: Sunderland. ISBN 9781605353807. OCLC 990257568.

clevelandclinic.org

my.clevelandclinic.org

"Endorphins: What They Are and How to Boost Them". Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 25 March 2023.

cuni.cz

fb.cuni.cz

Stefano GB, Ptáček R, Kuželová H, Kream RM (1515). "Endogenous morphine: up-to-date review 2011" (PDF). Folia Biologica. 58 (2): 49–56. doi:10.14712/fb2012058020049. PMID 22578954. Positive evolutionary pressure has apparently preserved the ability to synthesize chemically authentic morphine, albeit in homeopathic concentrations, throughout animal phyla. ... The apparently serendipitous finding of an opiate alkaloid-sensitive, opioid peptide-insensitive, µ3 opiate receptor subtype expressed by invertebrate immunocytes, human blood monocytes, macrophage cell lines, and human blood granulocytes provided compelling validating evidence for an autonomous role of endogenous morphine as a biologically important cellular signalling molecule (Stefano et al., 1993; Cruciani et al., 1994; Stefano and Scharrer, 1994; Makman et al., 1995). ... Human white blood cells have the ability to make and release morphine

doi.org

Stefano GB, Ptáček R, Kuželová H, Kream RM (1515). "Endogenous morphine: up-to-date review 2011" (PDF). Folia Biologica. 58 (2): 49–56. doi:10.14712/fb2012058020049. PMID 22578954. Positive evolutionary pressure has apparently preserved the ability to synthesize chemically authentic morphine, albeit in homeopathic concentrations, throughout animal phyla. ... The apparently serendipitous finding of an opiate alkaloid-sensitive, opioid peptide-insensitive, µ3 opiate receptor subtype expressed by invertebrate immunocytes, human blood monocytes, macrophage cell lines, and human blood granulocytes provided compelling validating evidence for an autonomous role of endogenous morphine as a biologically important cellular signalling molecule (Stefano et al., 1993; Cruciani et al., 1994; Stefano and Scharrer, 1994; Makman et al., 1995). ... Human white blood cells have the ability to make and release morphine
Poeaknapo C, Schmidt J, Brandsch M, Dräger B, Zenk MH (September 2004). "Endogenous formation of morphine in human cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (39): 14091–14096. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10114091P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0405430101. PMC 521124. PMID 15383669.
Pilozzi A, Carro C, Huang X (December 2020). "Roles of β-Endorphin in Stress, Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Energy Metabolism". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 22 (1): 338. doi:10.3390/ijms22010338. PMC 7796446. PMID 33396962.
Howlett TA, Tomlin S, Ngahfoong L, Rees LH, Bullen BA, Skrinar GS, McArthur JW (June 1984). "Release of beta endorphin and met-enkephalin during exercise in normal women: response to training". British Medical Journal. 288 (6435): 1950–1952. doi:10.1136/bmj.288.6435.1950. PMC 1442192. PMID 6329401.
Goldfarb AH, Jamurtas AZ (July 1997). "Beta-endorphin response to exercise. An update". Sports Medicine. 24 (1): 8–16. doi:10.2165/00007256-199724010-00002. PMID 9257407.
Hughes J, Smith TW, Kosterlitz HW, Fothergill LA, Morgan BA, Morris HR (December 1975). "Identification of two related pentapeptides from the brain with potent opiate agonist activity". Nature. 258 (5536): 577–580. Bibcode:1975Natur.258..577H. doi:10.1038/258577a0. PMID 1207728.
Berezniuk I, Fricker LD (2011). "Endogenous Opioids". In Pasternak GW (ed.). The Opiate Receptors. The Receptors. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. pp. 93–120. doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-993-2_5. ISBN 978-1-60761-993-2.
Corbett AD, Henderson G, McKnight AT, Paterson SJ (January 2006). "75 years of opioid research: the exciting but vain quest for the Holy Grail". British Journal of Pharmacology. 147 (Suppl 1): S153 – S162. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706435. PMC 1760732. PMID 16402099.
Simantov R, Snyder SH (July 1976). "Morphine-like peptides in mammalian brain: isolation, structure elucidation, and interactions with the opiate receptor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 73 (7): 2515–2519. Bibcode:1976PNAS...73.2515S. doi:10.1073/pnas.73.7.2515. PMC 430630. PMID 1065904.
Goldstein A, Lowery PJ (September 1975). "Effect of the opiate antagonist naloxone on body temperature in rats". Life Sciences. 17 (6): 927–931. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(75)90445-2. PMID 1195988.
McLaughlin PJ, Zagon IS (2013). "POMC-Derived Opioid Peptides". Handbook of Biologically Active Peptides. Elsevier. pp. 1592–1595. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385095-9.00217-7. ISBN 978-0-12-385095-9.
Li CH, Chung D (April 1976). "Isolation and structure of an untriakontapeptide with opiate activity from camel pituitary glands". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 73 (4): 1145–1148. Bibcode:1976PNAS...73.1145L. doi:10.1073/pnas.73.4.1145. PMC 430217. PMID 1063395.
Smyth DG (May 2016). "60 YEARS OF POMC: Lipotropin and beta-endorphin: a perspective". Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. 56 (4): T13 – T25. doi:10.1530/JME-16-0033. PMID 26903509.
Loh HH, Tseng LF, Wei E, Li CH (August 1976). "beta-endorphin is a potent analgesic agent". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 73 (8): 2895–2898. Bibcode:1976PNAS...73.2895L. doi:10.1073/pnas.73.8.2895. PMC 430793. PMID 8780.
Feldberg W, Smyth DG (July 1977). "C-fragment of lipotropin--an endogenous potent analgesic peptide". British Journal of Pharmacology. 60 (3): 445–453. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1977.tb07521.x. PMC 1667279. PMID 560894.
Poeaknapo C, Schmidt J, Brandsch M, Dräger B, Zenk MH (September 2004). "Endogenous formation of morphine in human cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (39): 14091–14096. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10114091P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0405430101. PMC 521124. PMID 15383669.
Stein C (14 January 2016). "Opioid Receptors". Annual Review of Medicine. 67 (1): 433–451. doi:10.1146/annurev-med-062613-093100. PMID 26332001.
Li Y, Lefever MR, Muthu D, Bidlack JM, Bilsky EJ, Polt R (February 2012). "Opioid glycopeptide analgesics derived from endogenous enkephalins and endorphins". Future Medicinal Chemistry. 4 (2): 205–226. doi:10.4155/fmc.11.195. PMC 3306179. PMID 22300099.
Burbach JP (January 1984). "Action of proteolytic enzymes on lipotropins and endorphins: biosynthesis, biotransformation and fate". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 24 (3): 321–354. doi:10.1016/0163-7258(84)90008-1. hdl:1874/25178. PMID 6087385.
Wiegant VM, Ronken E, Kovács G, De Wied D (1992). "Chapter 29 Endorphins and schizophrenia". The Human Hypothalamus in Health and Disease, Proceedings of the 17th International Summer School of Brain Research, held at the Auditorium of the University of Amsterdam. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 93. pp. 433–453. doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)64588-4. ISBN 978-0-444-89538-7.
Ling N, Burgus R, Guillemin R (November 1976). "Isolation, primary structure, and synthesis of alpha-endorphin and gamma-endorphin, two peptides of hypothalamic-hypophysial origin with morphinomimetic activity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 73 (11): 3942–3946. Bibcode:1976PNAS...73.3942L. doi:10.1073/pnas.73.11.3942. PMC 431275. PMID 1069261.
Ambinder RF, Schuster MM (November 1979). "Endorphins: new gut peptides with a familiar face". Gastroenterology. 77 (5): 1132–1140. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(79)80089-X. PMID 226450.
Burbach JP (January 1984). "Action of proteolytic enzymes on lipotropins and endorphins: biosynthesis, biotransformation and fate". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 24 (3): 321–354. doi:10.1016/0163-7258(84)90008-1. hdl:1874/25178. PMID 6087385.
Mousa SA, Shakibaei M, Sitte N, Schäfer M, Stein C (March 2004). "Subcellular pathways of beta-endorphin synthesis, processing, and release from immunocytes in inflammatory pain". Endocrinology. 145 (3): 1331–1341. doi:10.1210/en.2003-1287. PMID 14630714.
Takahashi A, Mizusawa K (October 2013). "Posttranslational modifications of proopiomelanocortin in vertebrates and their biological significance". Frontiers in Endocrinology. 4: 143. doi:10.3389/fendo.2013.00143. PMC 3797980. PMID 24146662.
Mousa SA, Shakibaei M, Sitte N, Schäfer M, Stein C (March 2004). "Subcellular pathways of beta-endorphin synthesis, processing, and release from immunocytes in inflammatory pain". Endocrinology. 145 (3): 1331–1341. doi:10.1210/en.2003-1287. PMID 14630714.
Loh YP, Kim T, Rodriguez YM, Cawley NX (2004). "Secretory granule biogenesis and neuropeptide sorting to the regulated secretory pathway in neuroendocrine cells". Journal of Molecular Neuroscience. 22 (1–2): 63–71. doi:10.1385/jmn:22:1-2:63. PMID 14742911.
Crine P, Gianoulakis C, Seidah NG, Gossard F, Pezalla PD, Lis M, Chrétien M (October 1978). "Biosynthesis of beta-endorphin from beta-lipotropin and a larger molecular weight precursor in rat pars intermedia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 75 (10): 4719–4723. Bibcode:1978PNAS...75.4719C. doi:10.1073/pnas.75.10.4719. PMC 336191. PMID 216997.
Goldstein A (September 1976). "Opioid peptides endorphins in pituitary and brain". Science. 193 (4258): 1081–1086. Bibcode:1976Sci...193.1081G. doi:10.1126/science.959823. PMID 959823.
Binder W, Mousa SA, Sitte N, Kaiser M, Stein C, Schäfer M (July 2004). "Sympathetic activation triggers endogenous opioid release and analgesia within peripheral inflamed tissue". The European Journal of Neuroscience. 20 (1): 92–100. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03459.x. PMID 15245482.
Dunbar RI, Baron R, Frangou A, Pearce E, van Leeuwen EJ, Stow J, et al. (March 2012). "Social laughter is correlated with an elevated pain threshold". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 279 (1731): 1161–1167. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1373. PMC 3267132. PMID 21920973.
Boecker H, Sprenger T, Spilker ME, Henriksen G, Koppenhoefer M, Wagner KJ, et al. (November 2008). "The runner's high: opioidergic mechanisms in the human brain". Cerebral Cortex. 18 (11): 2523–2531. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn013. PMID 18296435.
Anderson E, Shivakumar G (23 April 2013). "Effects of exercise and physical activity on anxiety". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 4: 27. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00027. PMC 3632802. PMID 23630504.
Freimuth M, Moniz S, Kim SR (October 2011). "Clarifying exercise addiction: differential diagnosis, co-occurring disorders, and phases of addiction". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 8 (10): 4069–4081. doi:10.3390/ijerph8104069. PMC 3210598. PMID 22073029.

guidetopharmacology.org

"μ receptor". IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 15 March 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017. Comments: β-Endorphin is the highest potency endogenous ligand ... Morphine occurs endogenously.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Burbach JP (January 1984). "Action of proteolytic enzymes on lipotropins and endorphins: biosynthesis, biotransformation and fate". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 24 (3): 321–354. doi:10.1016/0163-7258(84)90008-1. hdl:1874/25178. PMID 6087385.
Burbach JP (January 1984). "Action of proteolytic enzymes on lipotropins and endorphins: biosynthesis, biotransformation and fate". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 24 (3): 321–354. doi:10.1016/0163-7258(84)90008-1. hdl:1874/25178. PMID 6087385.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Poeaknapo C, Schmidt J, Brandsch M, Dräger B, Zenk MH (September 2004). "Endogenous formation of morphine in human cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (39): 14091–14096. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10114091P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0405430101. PMC 521124. PMID 15383669.
Hughes J, Smith TW, Kosterlitz HW, Fothergill LA, Morgan BA, Morris HR (December 1975). "Identification of two related pentapeptides from the brain with potent opiate agonist activity". Nature. 258 (5536): 577–580. Bibcode:1975Natur.258..577H. doi:10.1038/258577a0. PMID 1207728.
Simantov R, Snyder SH (July 1976). "Morphine-like peptides in mammalian brain: isolation, structure elucidation, and interactions with the opiate receptor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 73 (7): 2515–2519. Bibcode:1976PNAS...73.2515S. doi:10.1073/pnas.73.7.2515. PMC 430630. PMID 1065904.
Li CH, Chung D (April 1976). "Isolation and structure of an untriakontapeptide with opiate activity from camel pituitary glands". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 73 (4): 1145–1148. Bibcode:1976PNAS...73.1145L. doi:10.1073/pnas.73.4.1145. PMC 430217. PMID 1063395.
Loh HH, Tseng LF, Wei E, Li CH (August 1976). "beta-endorphin is a potent analgesic agent". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 73 (8): 2895–2898. Bibcode:1976PNAS...73.2895L. doi:10.1073/pnas.73.8.2895. PMC 430793. PMID 8780.
Poeaknapo C, Schmidt J, Brandsch M, Dräger B, Zenk MH (September 2004). "Endogenous formation of morphine in human cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (39): 14091–14096. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10114091P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0405430101. PMC 521124. PMID 15383669.
Ling N, Burgus R, Guillemin R (November 1976). "Isolation, primary structure, and synthesis of alpha-endorphin and gamma-endorphin, two peptides of hypothalamic-hypophysial origin with morphinomimetic activity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 73 (11): 3942–3946. Bibcode:1976PNAS...73.3942L. doi:10.1073/pnas.73.11.3942. PMC 431275. PMID 1069261.
Crine P, Gianoulakis C, Seidah NG, Gossard F, Pezalla PD, Lis M, Chrétien M (October 1978). "Biosynthesis of beta-endorphin from beta-lipotropin and a larger molecular weight precursor in rat pars intermedia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 75 (10): 4719–4723. Bibcode:1978PNAS...75.4719C. doi:10.1073/pnas.75.10.4719. PMC 336191. PMID 216997.
Goldstein A (September 1976). "Opioid peptides endorphins in pituitary and brain". Science. 193 (4258): 1081–1086. Bibcode:1976Sci...193.1081G. doi:10.1126/science.959823. PMID 959823.

medscimonit.com

Kream RM, Stefano GB (October 2006). "De novo biosynthesis of morphine in animal cells: an evidence-based model". Medical Science Monitor. 12 (10): RA207 – RA219. PMID 17006413.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Stefano GB, Ptáček R, Kuželová H, Kream RM (1515). "Endogenous morphine: up-to-date review 2011" (PDF). Folia Biologica. 58 (2): 49–56. doi:10.14712/fb2012058020049. PMID 22578954. Positive evolutionary pressure has apparently preserved the ability to synthesize chemically authentic morphine, albeit in homeopathic concentrations, throughout animal phyla. ... The apparently serendipitous finding of an opiate alkaloid-sensitive, opioid peptide-insensitive, µ3 opiate receptor subtype expressed by invertebrate immunocytes, human blood monocytes, macrophage cell lines, and human blood granulocytes provided compelling validating evidence for an autonomous role of endogenous morphine as a biologically important cellular signalling molecule (Stefano et al., 1993; Cruciani et al., 1994; Stefano and Scharrer, 1994; Makman et al., 1995). ... Human white blood cells have the ability to make and release morphine
Poeaknapo C, Schmidt J, Brandsch M, Dräger B, Zenk MH (September 2004). "Endogenous formation of morphine in human cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (39): 14091–14096. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10114091P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0405430101. PMC 521124. PMID 15383669.
Pilozzi A, Carro C, Huang X (December 2020). "Roles of β-Endorphin in Stress, Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Energy Metabolism". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 22 (1): 338. doi:10.3390/ijms22010338. PMC 7796446. PMID 33396962.
Howlett TA, Tomlin S, Ngahfoong L, Rees LH, Bullen BA, Skrinar GS, McArthur JW (June 1984). "Release of beta endorphin and met-enkephalin during exercise in normal women: response to training". British Medical Journal. 288 (6435): 1950–1952. doi:10.1136/bmj.288.6435.1950. PMC 1442192. PMID 6329401.
Goldfarb AH, Jamurtas AZ (July 1997). "Beta-endorphin response to exercise. An update". Sports Medicine. 24 (1): 8–16. doi:10.2165/00007256-199724010-00002. PMID 9257407.
Hughes J, Smith TW, Kosterlitz HW, Fothergill LA, Morgan BA, Morris HR (December 1975). "Identification of two related pentapeptides from the brain with potent opiate agonist activity". Nature. 258 (5536): 577–580. Bibcode:1975Natur.258..577H. doi:10.1038/258577a0. PMID 1207728.
Corbett AD, Henderson G, McKnight AT, Paterson SJ (January 2006). "75 years of opioid research: the exciting but vain quest for the Holy Grail". British Journal of Pharmacology. 147 (Suppl 1): S153 – S162. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706435. PMC 1760732. PMID 16402099.
Simantov R, Snyder SH (July 1976). "Morphine-like peptides in mammalian brain: isolation, structure elucidation, and interactions with the opiate receptor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 73 (7): 2515–2519. Bibcode:1976PNAS...73.2515S. doi:10.1073/pnas.73.7.2515. PMC 430630. PMID 1065904.
Goldstein A, Lowery PJ (September 1975). "Effect of the opiate antagonist naloxone on body temperature in rats". Life Sciences. 17 (6): 927–931. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(75)90445-2. PMID 1195988.
Li CH, Chung D (April 1976). "Isolation and structure of an untriakontapeptide with opiate activity from camel pituitary glands". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 73 (4): 1145–1148. Bibcode:1976PNAS...73.1145L. doi:10.1073/pnas.73.4.1145. PMC 430217. PMID 1063395.
Smyth DG (May 2016). "60 YEARS OF POMC: Lipotropin and beta-endorphin: a perspective". Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. 56 (4): T13 – T25. doi:10.1530/JME-16-0033. PMID 26903509.
Loh HH, Tseng LF, Wei E, Li CH (August 1976). "beta-endorphin is a potent analgesic agent". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 73 (8): 2895–2898. Bibcode:1976PNAS...73.2895L. doi:10.1073/pnas.73.8.2895. PMC 430793. PMID 8780.
Feldberg W, Smyth DG (July 1977). "C-fragment of lipotropin--an endogenous potent analgesic peptide". British Journal of Pharmacology. 60 (3): 445–453. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1977.tb07521.x. PMC 1667279. PMID 560894.
Poeaknapo C, Schmidt J, Brandsch M, Dräger B, Zenk MH (September 2004). "Endogenous formation of morphine in human cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (39): 14091–14096. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10114091P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0405430101. PMC 521124. PMID 15383669.
Kream RM, Stefano GB (October 2006). "De novo biosynthesis of morphine in animal cells: an evidence-based model". Medical Science Monitor. 12 (10): RA207 – RA219. PMID 17006413.
Stein C (14 January 2016). "Opioid Receptors". Annual Review of Medicine. 67 (1): 433–451. doi:10.1146/annurev-med-062613-093100. PMID 26332001.
Li Y, Lefever MR, Muthu D, Bidlack JM, Bilsky EJ, Polt R (February 2012). "Opioid glycopeptide analgesics derived from endogenous enkephalins and endorphins". Future Medicinal Chemistry. 4 (2): 205–226. doi:10.4155/fmc.11.195. PMC 3306179. PMID 22300099.
Burbach JP (January 1984). "Action of proteolytic enzymes on lipotropins and endorphins: biosynthesis, biotransformation and fate". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 24 (3): 321–354. doi:10.1016/0163-7258(84)90008-1. hdl:1874/25178. PMID 6087385.
Ling N, Burgus R, Guillemin R (November 1976). "Isolation, primary structure, and synthesis of alpha-endorphin and gamma-endorphin, two peptides of hypothalamic-hypophysial origin with morphinomimetic activity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 73 (11): 3942–3946. Bibcode:1976PNAS...73.3942L. doi:10.1073/pnas.73.11.3942. PMC 431275. PMID 1069261.
Chaudhry SR, Gossman W (2024). "Biochemistry, Endorphin". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 29262177.
Ambinder RF, Schuster MM (November 1979). "Endorphins: new gut peptides with a familiar face". Gastroenterology. 77 (5): 1132–1140. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(79)80089-X. PMID 226450.
Burbach JP (January 1984). "Action of proteolytic enzymes on lipotropins and endorphins: biosynthesis, biotransformation and fate". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 24 (3): 321–354. doi:10.1016/0163-7258(84)90008-1. hdl:1874/25178. PMID 6087385.
Mousa SA, Shakibaei M, Sitte N, Schäfer M, Stein C (March 2004). "Subcellular pathways of beta-endorphin synthesis, processing, and release from immunocytes in inflammatory pain". Endocrinology. 145 (3): 1331–1341. doi:10.1210/en.2003-1287. PMID 14630714.
Takahashi A, Mizusawa K (October 2013). "Posttranslational modifications of proopiomelanocortin in vertebrates and their biological significance". Frontiers in Endocrinology. 4: 143. doi:10.3389/fendo.2013.00143. PMC 3797980. PMID 24146662.
Mousa SA, Shakibaei M, Sitte N, Schäfer M, Stein C (March 2004). "Subcellular pathways of beta-endorphin synthesis, processing, and release from immunocytes in inflammatory pain". Endocrinology. 145 (3): 1331–1341. doi:10.1210/en.2003-1287. PMID 14630714.
Loh YP, Kim T, Rodriguez YM, Cawley NX (2004). "Secretory granule biogenesis and neuropeptide sorting to the regulated secretory pathway in neuroendocrine cells". Journal of Molecular Neuroscience. 22 (1–2): 63–71. doi:10.1385/jmn:22:1-2:63. PMID 14742911.
Crine P, Gianoulakis C, Seidah NG, Gossard F, Pezalla PD, Lis M, Chrétien M (October 1978). "Biosynthesis of beta-endorphin from beta-lipotropin and a larger molecular weight precursor in rat pars intermedia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 75 (10): 4719–4723. Bibcode:1978PNAS...75.4719C. doi:10.1073/pnas.75.10.4719. PMC 336191. PMID 216997.
Goldstein A (September 1976). "Opioid peptides endorphins in pituitary and brain". Science. 193 (4258): 1081–1086. Bibcode:1976Sci...193.1081G. doi:10.1126/science.959823. PMID 959823.
Binder W, Mousa SA, Sitte N, Kaiser M, Stein C, Schäfer M (July 2004). "Sympathetic activation triggers endogenous opioid release and analgesia within peripheral inflamed tissue". The European Journal of Neuroscience. 20 (1): 92–100. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03459.x. PMID 15245482.
Sprouse-Blum AS, Smith G, Sugai D, Parsa FD (March 2010). "Understanding endorphins and their importance in pain management". Hawaii Medical Journal. 69 (3): 70–71. PMC 3104618. PMID 20397507.
Dfarhud D, Malmir M, Khanahmadi M (November 2014). "Happiness & Health: The Biological Factors- Systematic Review Article". Iranian Journal of Public Health. 43 (11): 1468–1477. PMC 4449495. PMID 26060713.
Dunbar RI, Baron R, Frangou A, Pearce E, van Leeuwen EJ, Stow J, et al. (March 2012). "Social laughter is correlated with an elevated pain threshold". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 279 (1731): 1161–1167. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1373. PMC 3267132. PMID 21920973.
Boecker H, Sprenger T, Spilker ME, Henriksen G, Koppenhoefer M, Wagner KJ, et al. (November 2008). "The runner's high: opioidergic mechanisms in the human brain". Cerebral Cortex. 18 (11): 2523–2531. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn013. PMID 18296435.
Anderson E, Shivakumar G (23 April 2013). "Effects of exercise and physical activity on anxiety". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 4: 27. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00027. PMC 3632802. PMID 23630504.
Freimuth M, Moniz S, Kim SR (October 2011). "Clarifying exercise addiction: differential diagnosis, co-occurring disorders, and phases of addiction". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 8 (10): 4069–4081. doi:10.3390/ijerph8104069. PMC 3210598. PMID 22073029.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Poeaknapo C, Schmidt J, Brandsch M, Dräger B, Zenk MH (September 2004). "Endogenous formation of morphine in human cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (39): 14091–14096. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10114091P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0405430101. PMC 521124. PMID 15383669.
Pilozzi A, Carro C, Huang X (December 2020). "Roles of β-Endorphin in Stress, Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Energy Metabolism". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 22 (1): 338. doi:10.3390/ijms22010338. PMC 7796446. PMID 33396962.
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