Ephemeris time (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Ephemeris time" in English language version.

Last modified: 12:16:30, 8 August 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

2919adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

9^th place

126books.google.com

3^rd place

42leapsecond.com

low place

22iau.org

745^th place

2,951^st place

21worldcat.org

4^th place

11nasa.gov

12^th place

73^rd place

11web.archive.org

1^st place

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

articles.adsabs.harvard.edu

E M Standish (1998). E M Standish, "Time scales in the JPL and CfA ephemerides", Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 336 (1998), 381–384.
For the components of the definition including its retrospective aspect, see G M Clemence (1948), esp. p. 172, and 'ESAE 1961': 'Explanatory Supplement (1961), esp. pages 69 and 87. G M Clemence, "On the System of Astronomical Constants", Astronomical Journal, vol. 53(6) (1948), issue #1170, pp. 169–179. 'ESAE 1961': "Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Ephemeris and the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac" ('prepared jointly by the Nautical Almanac Offices of the United Kingdom and the United States of America', HMSO, London, 1961).
G M Clemence (1948). G M Clemence, "On the System of Astronomical Constants", Astronomical Journal, vol. 53(6) (1948), issue #1170, pp. 169–179.
W de Sitter (1927) W de Sitter (1927), "On the secular accelerations and the fluctuations of the longitudes of the moon, the sun, Mercury and Venus", Bull. Astron. Inst. Netherlands, vol. 4 (1927), pages 21–38.
G M Clemence (1971). G M Clemence (1971), "The Concept of Ephemeris Time", Journal for the History of Astronomy, vol. 2 (1971), pp. 73–79.
Clemence (1948), at p. 171. G M Clemence, "On the System of Astronomical Constants", Astronomical Journal, vol. 53(6) (1948), issue #1170, pp. 169–179.
At the IAU meeting in Rome 1952: see ESAE (1961) at sect.1C, p. 9; also Clemence (1971). 'ESAE 1961': "Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Ephemeris and the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac" ('prepared jointly by the Nautical Almanac Offices of the United Kingdom and the United States of America', HMSO, London, 1961). G M Clemence (1971), "The Concept of Ephemeris Time", Journal for the History of Astronomy, vol. 2 (1971), pp. 73–79.
Wm Markowitz (1988). Wm Markowitz (1988), "Comparisons of ET(Solar), ET(Lunar), UT and TDT", in A K Babcock & G A Wilkins (eds.), The Earth's Rotation and Reference Frames for Geodesy and Geophysics, IAU Symposia #128 (1988), pp. 413–418.
Clemence (1948), p. 172, following Spencer Jones (1939). G M Clemence, "On the System of Astronomical Constants", Astronomical Journal, vol. 53(6) (1948), issue #1170, pp. 169–179. H Spencer Jones, "The Rotation of the Earth, and the Secular Accelerations of the Sun, Moon and Planets", in Monthly Notes of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 99 (1939), pp. 541–558.
L V Morrison & F R Stephenson (2004); also F R Stephenson, L V Morrison (1984), and F R Stephenson, L V Morrison (1995). L V Morrison, F R Stephenson (2004), "Historical values of the Earth's clock error ΔT and the calculation of eclipses", Journal for the History of Astronomy (ISSN 0021-8286), vol. 35(3) (2004), #120, pp. 327–336 (with addendum at vol. 36, p. 339). F R Stephenson, L V Morrison (1984), "Long-term changes in the rotation of the earth – 700 B.C. to A.D. 1980", (Royal Society, Discussion on Rotation in the Solar System, London, England, Mar. 8, 9, 1984) Royal Society (London), Philosophical Transactions, Series A (ISSN 0080-4614), vol. 313 (1984), #1524, pp. 47–70. F R Stephenson, L V Morrison (1995), "Long-Term Fluctuations in the Earth's Rotation: 700 BC to AD 1990", Royal Society (London), Philosophical Transactions, Series A (ISSN 0080-4614), vol. 351 (1995), #1695, pp. 165–202.
Clemence (1948), at pp. 171—3. G M Clemence, "On the System of Astronomical Constants", Astronomical Journal, vol. 53(6) (1948), issue #1170, pp. 169–179.
W Markowitz & others (1955); W Markowitz (1959); also W Markowitz, R G Hall, L Essen, J V L Parry (1958). W Markowitz, R G Hall, S Edelson (1955), "Ephemeris time from photographic positions of the moon", Astronomical Journal, vol. 60 (1955), p. 171. W Markowitz (1959), "Variations in the Rotation of the Earth, Results Obtained with the Dual-Rate Moon Camera and Photographic Zenith Tubes", Astronomical Journal, vol. 64 (1959), pp. 106–113. W Markowitz, R G Hall, L Essen, J V L Parry (1958), "Frequency of cesium in terms of ephemeris time", Physical Review Letters, vol. 1 (1958), 105–107.
G M R Winkler and T C van Flandern (1977). G M R Winkler and T C van Flandern (1977), "Ephemeris Time, relativity, and the problem of uniform time in astronomy", Astronomical Journal, vol. 82 (Jan. 1977), pp. 84–92.

adsabs.harvard.edu

B Guinot and P K Seidelmann (1988), at p. 304—5. B Guinot and P K Seidelmann (1988), "Time scales – Their history, definition and interpretation", Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 194 (nos. 1–2) (April 1988), pp. 304–308.
H Spencer Jones (1939). H Spencer Jones, "The Rotation of the Earth, and the Secular Accelerations of the Sun, Moon and Planets", in Monthly Notes of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 99 (1939), pp. 541–558.
Clemence (1948), p. 172, following Spencer Jones (1939). G M Clemence, "On the System of Astronomical Constants", Astronomical Journal, vol. 53(6) (1948), issue #1170, pp. 169–179. H Spencer Jones, "The Rotation of the Earth, and the Secular Accelerations of the Sun, Moon and Planets", in Monthly Notes of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 99 (1939), pp. 541–558.
L V Morrison & F R Stephenson (2004); also F R Stephenson, L V Morrison (1984), and F R Stephenson, L V Morrison (1995). L V Morrison, F R Stephenson (2004), "Historical values of the Earth's clock error ΔT and the calculation of eclipses", Journal for the History of Astronomy (ISSN 0021-8286), vol. 35(3) (2004), #120, pp. 327–336 (with addendum at vol. 36, p. 339). F R Stephenson, L V Morrison (1984), "Long-term changes in the rotation of the earth – 700 B.C. to A.D. 1980", (Royal Society, Discussion on Rotation in the Solar System, London, England, Mar. 8, 9, 1984) Royal Society (London), Philosophical Transactions, Series A (ISSN 0080-4614), vol. 313 (1984), #1524, pp. 47–70. F R Stephenson, L V Morrison (1995), "Long-Term Fluctuations in the Earth's Rotation: 700 BC to AD 1990", Royal Society (London), Philosophical Transactions, Series A (ISSN 0080-4614), vol. 351 (1995), #1695, pp. 165–202.
W Markowitz & others (1955); W Markowitz (1959); also W Markowitz, R G Hall, L Essen, J V L Parry (1958). W Markowitz, R G Hall, S Edelson (1955), "Ephemeris time from photographic positions of the moon", Astronomical Journal, vol. 60 (1955), p. 171. W Markowitz (1959), "Variations in the Rotation of the Earth, Results Obtained with the Dual-Rate Moon Camera and Photographic Zenith Tubes", Astronomical Journal, vol. 64 (1959), pp. 106–113. W Markowitz, R G Hall, L Essen, J V L Parry (1958), "Frequency of cesium in terms of ephemeris time", Physical Review Letters, vol. 1 (1958), 105–107.
B Guinot & P K Seidelmann (1988), at p. 305. B Guinot and P K Seidelmann (1988), "Time scales – Their history, definition and interpretation", Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 194 (nos. 1–2) (April 1988), pp. 304–308.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

'ESAA (1992)': P K Seidelmann (ed)., especially at pp. 41—42 and at p. 79. 'ESAA (1992)': P K Seidelmann (ed.), "Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac", University Science Books, CA, 1992; ISBN 0-935702-68-7.
ESAA (1992), see page 79. 'ESAA (1992)': P K Seidelmann (ed.), "Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac", University Science Books, CA, 1992; ISBN 0-935702-68-7.
ESAA (1992), see page 80, citing CIPM recommendation Oct 1956, adopted 1960 by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM). 'ESAA (1992)': P K Seidelmann (ed.), "Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac", University Science Books, CA, 1992; ISBN 0-935702-68-7.
ESAA (1992), at page 42. 'ESAA (1992)': P K Seidelmann (ed.), "Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac", University Science Books, CA, 1992; ISBN 0-935702-68-7.
IAU resolutions (1976); see also ESAA (1992) at p. 41. IAU resolutions (1976): Resolutions adopted by the IAU in 1976 at Grenoble.
ESAA 1992, at p. 612. 'ESAA (1992)': P K Seidelmann (ed.), "Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac", University Science Books, CA, 1992; ISBN 0-935702-68-7.

iau.org (Global: 745^th place; English: 2,951^st place)

IAU resolutions (1976); see also ESAA (1992) at p. 41. IAU resolutions (1976): Resolutions adopted by the IAU in 1976 at Grenoble.
"IAU 2006 resolution 3" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-09-29. Retrieved 2015-10-21.

leapsecond.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

W Markowitz, R G Hall, L Essen, J V L Parry (1958) W Markowitz, R G Hall, L Essen, J V L Parry (1958), "Frequency of cesium in terms of ephemeris time", Physical Review Letters, vol. 1 (1958), 105–107.
W Markowitz & others (1955); W Markowitz (1959); also W Markowitz, R G Hall, L Essen, J V L Parry (1958). W Markowitz, R G Hall, S Edelson (1955), "Ephemeris time from photographic positions of the moon", Astronomical Journal, vol. 60 (1955), p. 171. W Markowitz (1959), "Variations in the Rotation of the Earth, Results Obtained with the Dual-Rate Moon Camera and Photographic Zenith Tubes", Astronomical Journal, vol. 64 (1959), pp. 106–113. W Markowitz, R G Hall, L Essen, J V L Parry (1958), "Frequency of cesium in terms of ephemeris time", Physical Review Letters, vol. 1 (1958), 105–107.

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; English: 73^rd place)

ntrs.nasa.gov

W G Melbourne & others, 1968, section II.E.4-5, pages 15—16, including footnote 7, noted that the Jet Propulsion Laboratory spacecraft tracking and data reduction programs of that time (including the Single Precision Orbit Determination Program) used, as ET, the current US atomic clock time A.1 offset by 32.25 seconds. The discussion also noted that the usage was "inaccurate" (the quantity indicated was not identical with any of the other realizations of ET such as ET0, ET1), and that while A.1 gave "certainly a closer approximation to uniform time than ET1" there were no grounds for considering either the atomic clocks or any other measures of ET as (perfectly) uniform. Section II.F, pages 18—19, indicates that an improved time measure of (A.1 + 32.15 seconds), applied in the JPL Double Precision Orbit Determination Program, was also designated ET. W G Melbourne, J D Mulholland, W L Sjogren, F M Sturms (1968), "Constants and Related Information for Astrodynamic Calculations", NASA Technical Report 32-1306, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, July 15, 1968.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"IAU 2006 resolution 3" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-09-29. Retrieved 2015-10-21.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

L V Morrison & F R Stephenson (2004); also F R Stephenson, L V Morrison (1984), and F R Stephenson, L V Morrison (1995). L V Morrison, F R Stephenson (2004), "Historical values of the Earth's clock error ΔT and the calculation of eclipses", Journal for the History of Astronomy (ISSN 0021-8286), vol. 35(3) (2004), #120, pp. 327–336 (with addendum at vol. 36, p. 339). F R Stephenson, L V Morrison (1984), "Long-term changes in the rotation of the earth – 700 B.C. to A.D. 1980", (Royal Society, Discussion on Rotation in the Solar System, London, England, Mar. 8, 9, 1984) Royal Society (London), Philosophical Transactions, Series A (ISSN 0080-4614), vol. 313 (1984), #1524, pp. 47–70. F R Stephenson, L V Morrison (1995), "Long-Term Fluctuations in the Earth's Rotation: 700 BC to AD 1990", Royal Society (London), Philosophical Transactions, Series A (ISSN 0080-4614), vol. 351 (1995), #1695, pp. 165–202.

Ephemeris time (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

articles.adsabs.harvard.edu

adsabs.harvard.edu

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

iau.org (Global: 745th place; English: 2,951st place)