Epic of King Gesar (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Epic of King Gesar" in English language version.

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Penick 1996, p. xi. Penick, Douglas J (1996). The warrior song of King Gesar. Boston, Massachusetts: Wisdom Publications. ISBN 978-0-86171-113-0.
Penick 1996, pp. xi–xii. Penick, Douglas J (1996). The warrior song of King Gesar. Boston, Massachusetts: Wisdom Publications. ISBN 978-0-86171-113-0.

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Vohra 1996, p. 217 writes that these coins with the title Fromo Kesaro appear to refer to the successor of Sahi Tegin (700-738 CE:Chinese:烏散特勤灑: MC:uo-sân d'ɘk-g'iɘn ṣai=*Horsān tegin šāhi 'Tegin, king of Khurasan'), ruler of the Second Turki Śāhi dynasty at Kapisa-Udyana, whose reign was between 738 and 745 C.E., and who is identified with the 'Frōm Kēsar' (拂菻罽婆: Fúlǐn jìpó: North Western Tang pfvyr-lḭum-kḭe-sâ) of the Tang shu. (Harmatta & Litvinsky 1999, pp. 376, 380) Vohra, Rohit (1996). "Early History of Ladakh: Mythic Lore % Fabulation: A preliminary note on the conjectural history of the 1st millennium A.D.". In Osmaston, Henry; Denwood, Philip (eds.). Recent research on Ladakh 4 & 5: proceedings of the fourth and fifth international colloquia on Ladakh. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 216–234. ISBN 978-81-208-1404-2. Harmatta, J.; Litvinsky, B. A. (1999). "Tokharistan and Gandhara under Western Türk rule (650-750)". In Dani, Ahmad Hasan (ed.). History of civilizations of Central Asia. Vol. 3. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 367–402. ISBN 978-81-208-1540-7.
Martin 2011, p. 127:"He received this laudatory epithet because he, like the Byzantines, was successful at holding back the Muslim conquerors." Martin, Dan (2011). "Greek and Islamic Medicines' Historical Contact with Tibet". In Akasoy, Anna; Burnett, Charles; Yoeli-Tlalim, Ronit (eds.). Islam and Tibet: Interactions Along the Musk Routes. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 117–144. ISBN 978-0-7546-6956-2.
Vohra 1996, pp. 216–17 writes that Gesar is mentioned in a Khotan text, the Tibetan Li-yul-lung-bstan-pa, ("Prophecy of the Li Country") of the 9th-10th century, and Phrom long identified with a country northeast of Yarkand. Recent opinion identifies the land either with the Turkic Küūsen or the Kushan territories of Gandhāra and Udayana. Gesar may be either someone of Turkic stock or a non-Tibetan dynastic name. The Khotan king Vijaya Sangrama's consort Hu-rod-ga (Hu-rong-ga) was Phrom Gesar's daughter. The Padma-thang-yig records a Tibetan army subduing Gesar, something also mentioned in the Rygal-po'i-bka'i-than-yig ("Pronouncements concerning Kings"). Vohra, Rohit (1996). "Early History of Ladakh: Mythic Lore % Fabulation: A preliminary note on the conjectural history of the 1st millennium A.D.". In Osmaston, Henry; Denwood, Philip (eds.). Recent research on Ladakh 4 & 5: proceedings of the fourth and fifth international colloquia on Ladakh. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 216–234. ISBN 978-81-208-1404-2.
Shakabpa 2010, pp. 192–95 discusses the great confusion in Tibetan sources over Gesar, identified as a magical lord named Lingjé Gesar Kyechok Norbu Dradül and his putative birthplace, but placing his year of birth in 1053 or 1060(=1081). See note 1 p.194. Shakabpa, Tsepon Wangchuk Deden (2010) [First published 1976]. One Hundred Thousand Moons: An Advanced Political History of Tibet. Translated by Derek F. Maher. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-17788-8.
Herrmann 1990, p. 499: 'die mündlichen Versionen, die wir heute kennen, sind nicht ursprünglicher, sondern hängen sicher von den geschriebenen Fassungen ab.' Herrmann, Silke (1990). "The Life and History of the Epic King Gesar in Ladakh". In Honko, Lauri (ed.). Religion, myth, and folklore in the world's epics: the Kalevala and its predecessors. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 485–501. ISBN 978-3-11-012253-4.
Stein 1959, pp. 188–9 says 'Hor' was an ethnonym that originally referred to the Uyghurs, and from the 12th century CE to the Mongols. Stein, Rolf A. (1959). Recherches sur l'épopée et le Barde au Tibet. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Stein 1959, p. 545 remarks on this^{[clarification needed]} as a notable feature in Khalkha Mongol versions. Stein, Rolf A. (1959). Recherches sur l'épopée et le Barde au Tibet. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Papas 2011, p. 268 writes that Stag-gzig, 'the mythical region of the origin of Bon-po,' was often conflated with 'Ol-mo-lung-ring, which modern scholars locate somewhere between northern Persia and Tibet's western borders.' It refers apparently... to the Persian-speaking part of Central Asia, that is, the land of the Tajiks according to Islamic sources, including present-day Tajikistan and Southern Uzbekistan, more precisely the Bukhara and the Samarkand areas. Apart from the question of the origin of Bon-po, one can perceive the name Stag-gzig/Tajik as a memory, in Tibetan culture, of its Central Asian roots.' Papas, Alexandre (2011). "So Close to Samarkand, Lhasa: Sufi Hagiographies, Founder Lhasa and Sacred Space". In Akasoy, Anna; Burnett, Charles; Yoeli-Tlalim, Ronit (eds.). Islam and Tibet: Interactions Along the Musk Routes. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 261–280. ISBN 978-0-7546-6956-2.
Samuel 1993, pp. 68–9. Samuel, Geoffrey (1993). Civilized Shamans: Buddhism in Tibetan Societies. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 978-1-56098-620-1.
Samuel 2005, p. 166. Samuel, Geoffrey (2005). Tantric revisionings: new understandings of Tibetan Buddhism and Indian religion. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-2752-3.
Chadwick & Chadwick 1940, pp. 48–9, 215–6. Chadwick, Hector Munro; Chadwick, Nora Kershaw (1940). The Growth of Literature. Vol. 3 (Reprinted 1986 ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-01615-5.
Maconi 2004, p. 372. Maconi, Lara (2004). "Gesar de Pékin? Le sort du Roi Gesar de Gling, héros épique tibétain, en Chine (post-)maoïste". In Labarthe, Judith (ed.). Formes modernes de la poésie épique: nouvelles approches. Bruxelles: Peter Lang. pp. 371–419. ISBN 978-90-5201-196-7.
Jiàngbiān Jiācuò 1998, p. 222. Jiàngbiān Jiācuò, (降邊嘉措) (1998). "Gesar in contemporary Tibetan Culture". In Honko, Lauri; Handoo, Jawaharlal; Foley, John Miles (eds.). The Epic: Oral and Written. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages. pp. 220–225. ISBN 81-7342-055-6.
Maconi 2004, p. 373. Maconi, Lara (2004). "Gesar de Pékin? Le sort du Roi Gesar de Gling, héros épique tibétain, en Chine (post-)maoïste". In Labarthe, Judith (ed.). Formes modernes de la poésie épique: nouvelles approches. Bruxelles: Peter Lang. pp. 371–419. ISBN 978-90-5201-196-7.
Dwyer 2007, pp. 75–76. Dwyer, Arienne M. (2007). Salar: a study in Inner Asian language contact processes. Part 1: Phonology. Turcologia 31,7. Vol. 1. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-04091-4.
Penick 2009, p. vii. Penick, Douglas J (2009). Crossings on a Bridge of Light: The Songs and Deeds of Gesar, King of Ling, as He Travels to Shambhala Through the Realms of Life and Death. Minneapolis: Mill City Press. ISBN 978-1-934937-99-0.
Herrmann 1990, p. 485. Herrmann, Silke (1990). "The Life and History of the Epic King Gesar in Ladakh". In Honko, Lauri (ed.). Religion, myth, and folklore in the world's epics: the Kalevala and its predecessors. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 485–501. ISBN 978-3-11-012253-4.
Kornman 2005, pp. 360, 367. Kornman, Robin (2005). "The Influence of the Epic of King Gesar on Chogyam Trungpa". In Midal, Fabrice (ed.). Recalling Chögyam Trungpa. Boston, Massachusetts: Shambhala Publications. pp. 347–379. ISBN 978-1-59030-207-1.
Samuel 2005, p. 177. Samuel, Geoffrey (2005). Tantric revisionings: new understandings of Tibetan Buddhism and Indian religion. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-2752-3.
Maconi 2004, p. 374. Maconi, Lara (2004). "Gesar de Pékin? Le sort du Roi Gesar de Gling, héros épique tibétain, en Chine (post-)maoïste". In Labarthe, Judith (ed.). Formes modernes de la poésie épique: nouvelles approches. Bruxelles: Peter Lang. pp. 371–419. ISBN 978-90-5201-196-7.
Martin 2011, p. 127. Martin, Dan (2011). "Greek and Islamic Medicines' Historical Contact with Tibet". In Akasoy, Anna; Burnett, Charles; Yoeli-Tlalim, Ronit (eds.). Islam and Tibet: Interactions Along the Musk Routes. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 117–144. ISBN 978-0-7546-6956-2.
Samuel 2005, pp. 170, 177. Samuel, Geoffrey (2005). Tantric revisionings: new understandings of Tibetan Buddhism and Indian religion. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-2752-3.
Needham 1988, p. 186 note g. Needham, Joseph (1988) [First published 1954]. Science and Civilization in China. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-05799-X.
Francke 2000, p. xxii. Francke, August Hermann (2000) [1905/1909]. A Lower Ladakhi Version of the Kesar Saga. Delhi: Asian Educational Services. ISBN 978-81-206-1507-6.
Samuel 2005, p. 175. Samuel, Geoffrey (2005). Tantric revisionings: new understandings of Tibetan Buddhism and Indian religion. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-2752-3.
Shakabpa 2010, p. 193. Shakabpa, Tsepon Wangchuk Deden (2010) [First published 1976]. One Hundred Thousand Moons: An Advanced Political History of Tibet. Translated by Derek F. Maher. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-17788-8.
Maconi 2004, p. 472. Maconi, Lara (2004). "Gesar de Pékin? Le sort du Roi Gesar de Gling, héros épique tibétain, en Chine (post-)maoïste". In Labarthe, Judith (ed.). Formes modernes de la poésie épique: nouvelles approches. Bruxelles: Peter Lang. pp. 371–419. ISBN 978-90-5201-196-7.
Rinbochay, Sö-nam-drak-ba & Rinbochay 1997, p. 39. Rinbochay, Lati; Sö-nam-drak-ba, Paṅ-chen; Rinbochay, Denma Lo-chö (1997) [First published 1983]. Zahler, Leah; Hopkins, Jeffrey (eds.). Meditative States in Tibetan Buddhism. Somerville Massachusetts: Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0-86171-119-X.^{[permanent dead link]}
Harmatta & Litvinsky 1999, p. 382. Harmatta, J.; Litvinsky, B. A. (1999). "Tokharistan and Gandhara under Western Türk rule (650-750)". In Dani, Ahmad Hasan (ed.). History of civilizations of Central Asia. Vol. 3. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 367–402. ISBN 978-81-208-1540-7.
Vohra 1996, pp. 218–219. Vohra, Rohit (1996). "Early History of Ladakh: Mythic Lore % Fabulation: A preliminary note on the conjectural history of the 1st millennium A.D.". In Osmaston, Henry; Denwood, Philip (eds.). Recent research on Ladakh 4 & 5: proceedings of the fourth and fifth international colloquia on Ladakh. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 216–234. ISBN 978-81-208-1404-2.
Stein 1959, p. 64. Stein, Rolf A. (1959). Recherches sur l'épopée et le Barde au Tibet. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Samuel 2005, p. 165. Samuel, Geoffrey (2005). Tantric revisionings: new understandings of Tibetan Buddhism and Indian religion. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-2752-3.
Chadwick & Zhirmunsky 1969, p. 263. Chadwick, Nora Kershaw; Zhirmunsky, Viktor (1969). Oral Epics of Central Asia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-14828-3.
Samuel 2005, p. 173. Samuel, Geoffrey (2005). Tantric revisionings: new understandings of Tibetan Buddhism and Indian religion. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-2752-3.
David-Néel & Yongden 2004, pp. 2–3. David-Néel, Alexandra; Yongden, Lama (2004) [First published 1933]. The Superhuman Life Of Gesar Of Ling. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7661-8686-6.
Maconi 2004, p. 376. Maconi, Lara (2004). "Gesar de Pékin? Le sort du Roi Gesar de Gling, héros épique tibétain, en Chine (post-)maoïste". In Labarthe, Judith (ed.). Formes modernes de la poésie épique: nouvelles approches. Bruxelles: Peter Lang. pp. 371–419. ISBN 978-90-5201-196-7.
David-Néel & Yongden 2004, pp. 73–99. David-Néel, Alexandra; Yongden, Lama (2004) [First published 1933]. The Superhuman Life Of Gesar Of Ling. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7661-8686-6.
Young 2004, pp. 72–3. Young, Serinity (2004). Courtesans and tantric consorts: sexualities in Buddhist narrative, iconography and ritual. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-91483-3.
David-Néel & Yongden 2004, p. 101. David-Néel, Alexandra; Yongden, Lama (2004) [First published 1933]. The Superhuman Life Of Gesar Of Ling. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7661-8686-6.
Chayet 2003, p. 44. Chayet, Anne (2003). "The Potala, Symbol of the Power of the Dalai Lamas". In Pommaret, Françoise (ed.). Lhasa in the seventeenth century: the capital of the Dalai Lamas. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-12866-8.
Samuel 2005, p. 171. Samuel, Geoffrey (2005). Tantric revisionings: new understandings of Tibetan Buddhism and Indian religion. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-2752-3.
Sacharovska & Soloichin 1986. Sacharovska, Alexandra; Soloichin, Vladimir (1986). Гэсэр: бурятский народный героический эпос (Geser: a Buryat Heldenepos.). Burjatskoe Knižnoe Izdatelʹstvo.
Sėcėnmunch 2004. Sėcėnmunch, Ulʹdzijt (2004). Исследования письменного монгольского эпоса о Гэсэре [Researches on a written version of the Mongolian Epic of Gesar]. ISBN 978-5-94856-085-4.
Samuel 2005, p. 169. Samuel, Geoffrey (2005). Tantric revisionings: new understandings of Tibetan Buddhism and Indian religion. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-2752-3.
Chadwick & Zhirmunsky 1969, pp. 263–4. Chadwick, Nora Kershaw; Zhirmunsky, Viktor (1969). Oral Epics of Central Asia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-14828-3.
Samuel 2005, p. 178. Samuel, Geoffrey (2005). Tantric revisionings: new understandings of Tibetan Buddhism and Indian religion. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-2752-3.
Lopez 2007, p. 372. Lopez, Donald S (2007) [First published 1997]. Religions of Tibet in Practice. Princeton, Massachusetts: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-12972-3.
Samuel 1993, pp. 571–2. Samuel, Geoffrey (1993). Civilized Shamans: Buddhism in Tibetan Societies. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 978-1-56098-620-1.
Samuel 1993, p. 293. Samuel, Geoffrey (1993). Civilized Shamans: Buddhism in Tibetan Societies. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 978-1-56098-620-1.
Rinpoche 2005, p. 333. Rinpoche, Sakyong Mipham (2005). "The Teaching of Shambhala". In Midal, Fabrice (ed.). Recalling Chögyam Trungpa. Boston, Massachusetts: Shambhala Publications. pp. 329–336. ISBN 978-1-59030-207-1.
Kornman 2005, pp. 347–8. Kornman, Robin (2005). "The Influence of the Epic of King Gesar on Chogyam Trungpa". In Midal, Fabrice (ed.). Recalling Chögyam Trungpa. Boston, Massachusetts: Shambhala Publications. pp. 347–379. ISBN 978-1-59030-207-1.
Stein 1956. Stein, Rolf A (1956). L'épopée tibétaine dans sa version lamaïque de Ling. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Stein 1959. Stein, Rolf A. (1959). Recherches sur l'épopée et le Barde au Tibet. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Hermanns 1965. Hermanns, Matthias (1965). Das National-Epos der Tibeter Gling König Ge Sar. Regensburg.: Josef Habbel Verlag.
David-Néel & Yongden 2004. David-Néel, Alexandra; Yongden, Lama (2004) [First published 1933]. The Superhuman Life Of Gesar Of Ling. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7661-8686-6.

china.org.cn

A Xinhua News Agency report in 2002 registers that Han and Sino-Tibetan scholars had confidently pinned down the mythical Gesar's roots in Axu town in the prairie of Dege County located in the Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of southwest Sichuan Province. In this interpretation, Gesar's 'soul mountain' would be the famous snow peak of Golog in modern Qinghai Province. Xinhua News Agency 'Birthplace of Tibetan Hero Gesser Confirmed, 8 July 2002.

oraltradition.org

journal.oraltradition.org

Harvilahti 1996, p. 40. Harvilahti, Lauri (1996). "Epos and National Identity: Transformations and Incarnations" (PDF). Oral Tradition. 11 (1). Beijing: 37–49. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
Harvilahti 1996, p. 43. Harvilahti, Lauri (1996). "Epos and National Identity: Transformations and Incarnations" (PDF). Oral Tradition. 11 (1). Beijing: 37–49. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
Harvilahti 1996, p. 42. Harvilahti, Lauri (1996). "Epos and National Identity: Transformations and Incarnations" (PDF). Oral Tradition. 11 (1). Beijing: 37–49. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
Li Lianrong 2001, p. 328. Li Lianrong, (李連榮) (2001). "History and the Tibetan Epic Gesar" (PDF). Oral Tradition. 16 (2). Beijing: 317–342. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
Li Lianrong 2001, p. 335. Li Lianrong, (李連榮) (2001). "History and the Tibetan Epic Gesar" (PDF). Oral Tradition. 16 (2). Beijing: 317–342. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
Li Lianrong 2001, p. 332. Li Lianrong, (李連榮) (2001). "History and the Tibetan Epic Gesar" (PDF). Oral Tradition. 16 (2). Beijing: 317–342. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2011.

web.archive.org

Harvilahti 1996, p. 40. Harvilahti, Lauri (1996). "Epos and National Identity: Transformations and Incarnations" (PDF). Oral Tradition. 11 (1). Beijing: 37–49. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
Harvilahti 1996, p. 43. Harvilahti, Lauri (1996). "Epos and National Identity: Transformations and Incarnations" (PDF). Oral Tradition. 11 (1). Beijing: 37–49. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
Harvilahti 1996, p. 42. Harvilahti, Lauri (1996). "Epos and National Identity: Transformations and Incarnations" (PDF). Oral Tradition. 11 (1). Beijing: 37–49. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
Li Lianrong 2001, p. 328. Li Lianrong, (李連榮) (2001). "History and the Tibetan Epic Gesar" (PDF). Oral Tradition. 16 (2). Beijing: 317–342. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
Li Lianrong 2001, p. 335. Li Lianrong, (李連榮) (2001). "History and the Tibetan Epic Gesar" (PDF). Oral Tradition. 16 (2). Beijing: 317–342. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
Li Lianrong 2001, p. 332. Li Lianrong, (李連榮) (2001). "History and the Tibetan Epic Gesar" (PDF). Oral Tradition. 16 (2). Beijing: 317–342. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2011.