Epidemiology (English Wikipedia)

"Changing Concepts: Background to Epidemiology" (PDF). Duncan & Associates. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 3 February 2008.

edwardtufte.com

Hill AB (1965). "The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 58 (5): 295–300. doi:10.1177/003591576505800503. PMC 1898525. PMID 14283879.

epidemiology.ch

"Origins and early development of the case-control study" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
[1] Archived 29 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine 24

ete-online.com

Prudhon, C & Spiegel, P. "A review of methodology and analysis of nutrition and mortality surveys conducted in humanitarian emergencies from October 1993 to April 2004" Emerging Themes in Epidemiology 2007, 4:10. http://www.ete-online.com/content/4/1/10 Archived 23 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine Accessed: 30 October 2017.

fjc.gov

Green MD, D. Michal Freedman, and Leon Gordis. Reference Guide on Epidemiology (PDF). Federal Judicial Centre. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 3 February 2008.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Mueller LM (2019). "Cancer in the tropics: geographical pathology and the formation of cancer epidemiology". BioSocieties. 14 (4): 512–528. doi:10.1057/s41292-019-00152-w. hdl:1721.1/128433. S2CID 181518236.

jbpub.com

samples.jbpub.com

Historical Developments in Epidemiology Archived 19 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Chapter 2. Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC.

jhu.edu

krieger.jhu.edu

"Public Health Studies". Public Health Studies at Johns Hopkins. 6 June 2013. Retrieved 13 April 2017.

jmir.org

Mavragani A (28 April 2020). "Infodemiology and Infoveillance: Scoping Review". Journal of Medical Internet Research. 22 (4): e16206. doi:10.2196/16206. PMC 7189791. PMID 32310818.

jsi.com

Dr. John Snow. Archived 16 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine John Snow, Inc. and JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc.

lww.com

journals.lww.com

Song JW, Chung KC (December 2010). "Observational Studies: Cohort and Case-Control Studies". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 126 (6): 2234–2242. doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181f44abc. ISSN 0032-1052. PMC 2998589. PMID 20697313.

maastrichtuniversity.nl

cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl

Hughes LA, Khalid-de Bakker CA, Smits KM, den Brandt PA, Jonkers D, Ahuja N, Herman JG, Weijenberg MP, van Engeland M (2012). "The CpG island methylator phenotype in colorectal cancer: Progress and problems". Biochim Biophys Acta. 1825 (1): 77–85. doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.10.005. PMID 22056543.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ogino S, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E (2012). "How many molecular subtypes? Implications of the unique tumor principle in personalized medicine". Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 12 (6): 621–28. doi:10.1586/erm.12.46. PMC 3492839. PMID 22845482.
Ogino S, Lochhead P, Chan AT, Nishihara R, Cho E, Wolpin BM, Meyerhardt JA, Meissner A, Schernhammer ES, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E (2013). "Molecular pathological epidemiology of epigenetics: Emerging integrative science to analyze environment, host, and disease". Mod Pathol. 26 (4): 465–84. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2012.214. PMC 3637979. PMID 23307060.
Ogino S, King EE, Beck AH, Sherman ME, Milner DA, Giovannucci E (2012). "Interdisciplinary education to integrate pathology and epidemiology: Towards molecular and population-level health science". Am J Epidemiol. 176 (8): 659–67. doi:10.1093/aje/kws226. PMC 3571252. PMID 22935517.
Ogino S, Stampfer M (2010). "Lifestyle factors and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: the evolving field of molecular pathological epidemiology". J Natl Cancer Inst. 102 (6): 365–67. doi:10.1093/jnci/djq031. PMC 2841039. PMID 20208016.
Ogino S, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E (2011). "Molecular pathological epidemiology of colorectal neoplasia: an emerging transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field". Gut. 60 (3): 397–411. doi:10.1136/gut.2010.217182. PMC 3040598. PMID 21036793.
Field AE, Camargo CA, Ogino S (2013). "The merits of subtyping obesity: one size does not fit all". JAMA. 310 (20): 2147–48. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.281501. PMID 24189835.
Curtin K, Slattery ML, Samowitz WS (2011). "CpG island methylation in colorectal cancer: past, present and future". Pathology Research International. 2011: 902674. doi:10.4061/2011/902674. PMC 3090226. PMID 21559209.
Hughes LA, Khalid-de Bakker CA, Smits KM, den Brandt PA, Jonkers D, Ahuja N, Herman JG, Weijenberg MP, van Engeland M (2012). "The CpG island methylator phenotype in colorectal cancer: Progress and problems". Biochim Biophys Acta. 1825 (1): 77–85. doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.10.005. PMID 22056543.
Ku CS, Cooper DN, Wu M, Roukos DH, Pawitan Y, Soong R, Iacopetta B (2012). "Gene discovery in familial cancer syndromes by exome sequencing: prospects for the elucidation of familial colorectal cancer type X." Mod Pathol. 25 (8): 1055–68. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2012.62. PMID 22522846.
Chia WK, Ali R, Toh HC (2012). "Aspirin as adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer-reinterpreting paradigms". Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 9 (10): 561–70. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2012.137. PMID 22910681. S2CID 7425809.
Spitz MR, Caporaso NE, Sellers TA (2012). "Integrative cancer epidemiology – the next generation". Cancer Discov. 2 (12): 1087–90. doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0424. PMC 3531829. PMID 23230187.
Zaidi N, Lupien L, Kuemmerle NB, Kinlaw WB, Swinnen JV, Smans K (2013). "Lipogenesis and lipolysis: The pathways exploited by the cancer cells to acquire fatty acids". Prog Lipid Res. 52 (4): 585–89. doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2013.08.005. PMC 4002264. PMID 24001676.
Ikramuddin S, Livingston EH (2013). "New Insights on Bariatric Surgery Outcomes". JAMA. 310 (22): 2401–02. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.280927. PMID 24189645.
Little TJ, Allen JE, Babayan SA, Matthews KR, Colegrave N (2012). "Harnessing evolutionary biology to combat infectious disease". Nature Medicine. 18 (2): 217–20. doi:10.1038/nm.2572. PMC 3712261. PMID 22310693.
Pybus OG, Fraser C, Rambaut A (2013). "Evolutionary epidemiology: preparing for an age of genomic plenty". Phil Trans R Soc B. 368 (1614): 20120193. doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0193. PMC 3678320. PMID 23382418.
Wiemken TL, Kelley RR (2020). "Machine Learning in Epidemiology and Health Outcomes Research". Annual Review of Public Health. 41: 21–36. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094437. PMID 31577910.
Bi Q, Goodman KE, Kaminsky J, Lessler J (2019). "What is Machine Learning? A Primer for the Epidemiologist". American Journal of Epidemiology. 188 (12): 2222–2239. doi:10.1093/aje/kwz189. PMID 31509183.
Eysenbach G (May 2011). "Infodemiology and Infoveillance". American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 40 (5): S154–S158. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.02.006. ISSN 0749-3797. PMID 21521589.
Eysenbach G (27 March 2009). "Infodemiology and Infoveillance: Framework for an Emerging Set of Public Health Informatics Methods to Analyze Search, Communication and Publication Behavior on the Internet". Journal of Medical Internet Research. 11 (1): e11. doi:10.2196/jmir.1157. ISSN 1438-8871. PMC 2762766. PMID 19329408.
Wyatt JC (1 November 2002). "Basic concepts in medical informatics". Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 56 (11): 808–812. doi:10.1136/jech.56.11.808. PMC 1732047. PMID 12388565.
Mackey T, Baur C, Eysenbach G (14 February 2022). "Advancing Infodemiology in a Digital Intensive Era". JMIR Infodemiology. 2 (1): e37115. doi:10.2196/37115. PMC 9987192. PMID 37113802.
Mavragani A (28 April 2020). "Infodemiology and Infoveillance: Scoping Review". Journal of Medical Internet Research. 22 (4): e16206. doi:10.2196/16206. PMC 7189791. PMID 32310818.
Song JW, Chung KC (December 2010). "Observational Studies: Cohort and Case-Control Studies". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 126 (6): 2234–2242. doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181f44abc. ISSN 0032-1052. PMC 2998589. PMID 20697313.
Hill AB (1965). "The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 58 (5): 295–300. doi:10.1177/003591576505800503. PMC 1898525. PMID 14283879.
Phillips CV, Karen J. Goodman (October 2004). "The missed lessons of Sir Austin Bradford Hill". Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations. 1 (3): 3. doi:10.1186/1742-5573-1-3. PMC 524370. PMID 15507128.
Zhang Stephen X, Marioli Francisco Arroyo, Gao Renfei, Wang Senhu (2021). "When is an epidemic an epidemic?". Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 14: 3775–3782. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S326051. PMC 8448159. PMID 34548826.
Ioannidis JP, Tarone R, McLaughlin JK (2011). "The False-positive to False-negative Ratio in Epidemiologic Studies". Epidemiology. 22 (4): 450–56. doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e31821b506e. PMID 21490505. S2CID 42756884.
Hernán MA, Hernández-Díaz S, Robins JM (2004). "A structural approach to selection bias". Epidemiology. 15 (5): 615–25. doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000135174.63482.43. PMID 15308962. S2CID 1373077.
Greenland S, Morgenstern H (2001). "Confounding in Health Research". Annu. Rev. Public Health. 22: 189–212. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.22.1.189. PMID 11274518. S2CID 4647751.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ogino S, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E (2012). "How many molecular subtypes? Implications of the unique tumor principle in personalized medicine". Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 12 (6): 621–28. doi:10.1586/erm.12.46. PMC 3492839. PMID 22845482.
Ogino S, Lochhead P, Chan AT, Nishihara R, Cho E, Wolpin BM, Meyerhardt JA, Meissner A, Schernhammer ES, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E (2013). "Molecular pathological epidemiology of epigenetics: Emerging integrative science to analyze environment, host, and disease". Mod Pathol. 26 (4): 465–84. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2012.214. PMC 3637979. PMID 23307060.
Ogino S, King EE, Beck AH, Sherman ME, Milner DA, Giovannucci E (2012). "Interdisciplinary education to integrate pathology and epidemiology: Towards molecular and population-level health science". Am J Epidemiol. 176 (8): 659–67. doi:10.1093/aje/kws226. PMC 3571252. PMID 22935517.
Ogino S, Stampfer M (2010). "Lifestyle factors and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: the evolving field of molecular pathological epidemiology". J Natl Cancer Inst. 102 (6): 365–67. doi:10.1093/jnci/djq031. PMC 2841039. PMID 20208016.
Ogino S, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E (2011). "Molecular pathological epidemiology of colorectal neoplasia: an emerging transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field". Gut. 60 (3): 397–411. doi:10.1136/gut.2010.217182. PMC 3040598. PMID 21036793.
Curtin K, Slattery ML, Samowitz WS (2011). "CpG island methylation in colorectal cancer: past, present and future". Pathology Research International. 2011: 902674. doi:10.4061/2011/902674. PMC 3090226. PMID 21559209.
Spitz MR, Caporaso NE, Sellers TA (2012). "Integrative cancer epidemiology – the next generation". Cancer Discov. 2 (12): 1087–90. doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0424. PMC 3531829. PMID 23230187.
Zaidi N, Lupien L, Kuemmerle NB, Kinlaw WB, Swinnen JV, Smans K (2013). "Lipogenesis and lipolysis: The pathways exploited by the cancer cells to acquire fatty acids". Prog Lipid Res. 52 (4): 585–89. doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2013.08.005. PMC 4002264. PMID 24001676.
Little TJ, Allen JE, Babayan SA, Matthews KR, Colegrave N (2012). "Harnessing evolutionary biology to combat infectious disease". Nature Medicine. 18 (2): 217–20. doi:10.1038/nm.2572. PMC 3712261. PMID 22310693.
Pybus OG, Fraser C, Rambaut A (2013). "Evolutionary epidemiology: preparing for an age of genomic plenty". Phil Trans R Soc B. 368 (1614): 20120193. doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0193. PMC 3678320. PMID 23382418.
Eysenbach G (27 March 2009). "Infodemiology and Infoveillance: Framework for an Emerging Set of Public Health Informatics Methods to Analyze Search, Communication and Publication Behavior on the Internet". Journal of Medical Internet Research. 11 (1): e11. doi:10.2196/jmir.1157. ISSN 1438-8871. PMC 2762766. PMID 19329408.
Wyatt JC (1 November 2002). "Basic concepts in medical informatics". Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 56 (11): 808–812. doi:10.1136/jech.56.11.808. PMC 1732047. PMID 12388565.
Mackey T, Baur C, Eysenbach G (14 February 2022). "Advancing Infodemiology in a Digital Intensive Era". JMIR Infodemiology. 2 (1): e37115. doi:10.2196/37115. PMC 9987192. PMID 37113802.
Mavragani A (28 April 2020). "Infodemiology and Infoveillance: Scoping Review". Journal of Medical Internet Research. 22 (4): e16206. doi:10.2196/16206. PMC 7189791. PMID 32310818.
Song JW, Chung KC (December 2010). "Observational Studies: Cohort and Case-Control Studies". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 126 (6): 2234–2242. doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181f44abc. ISSN 0032-1052. PMC 2998589. PMID 20697313.
Hill AB (1965). "The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 58 (5): 295–300. doi:10.1177/003591576505800503. PMC 1898525. PMID 14283879.
Phillips CV, Karen J. Goodman (October 2004). "The missed lessons of Sir Austin Bradford Hill". Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations. 1 (3): 3. doi:10.1186/1742-5573-1-3. PMC 524370. PMID 15507128.
Zhang Stephen X, Marioli Francisco Arroyo, Gao Renfei, Wang Senhu (2021). "When is an epidemic an epidemic?". Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 14: 3775–3782. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S326051. PMC 8448159. PMID 34548826.

npr.org

John Snow, Father of Epidemiology Archived 20 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine NPR Talk of the Nation. 24 September 2004

oup.com

global.oup.com

Porta M (2014). A Dictionary of Epidemiology (6th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-997673-7. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
Miquel Porta. A Dictionary of Epidemiology. http://global.oup.com/academic/product/a-dictionary-of-epidemiology-9780199976737?cc=us&lang=en Archived 11 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine 6th edition, New York, 2014 Oxford University Press ISBN 978-0-19-997673-7 Accessed: 30 October 2017.

pitt.edu

philsci-archive.pitt.edu

Woodward J (2010). "Causation in biology: stability, specificity, and the choice of levels of explanation". Biology & Philosophy. 25 (3): 287–318. doi:10.1007/s10539-010-9200-z. S2CID 42625229 – via SpringerLink.

riskanalytica.com

Smetanin P, P. Kobak (October 2005). Interdisciplinary Cancer Risk Management: Canadian Life and Economic Impacts (PDF). 1st International Cancer Control Congress. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
Smetanin P, P. Kobak (July 2006). A Population-Based Risk Management Framework for Cancer Control. The International Union Against Cancer Conference. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2014.
Smetanin P, P. Kobak (July 2005). Selected Canadian Life and Economic Forecast Impacts of Lung Cancer. 11th World Conference on Lung Cancer. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2014.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Ólöf Garðarsdóttir, Loftur Guttormsson (25 August 2009). "Public health measures against neonatal tetanus on the island of Vestmannaeyjar (Iceland) during the 19th century". The History of the Family. 14 (3): 266–79. doi:10.1016/j.hisfam.2009.08.004. S2CID 72505045.^{[verification needed]}
Mueller LM (2019). "Cancer in the tropics: geographical pathology and the formation of cancer epidemiology". BioSocieties. 14 (4): 512–528. doi:10.1057/s41292-019-00152-w. hdl:1721.1/128433. S2CID 181518236.
Chia WK, Ali R, Toh HC (2012). "Aspirin as adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer-reinterpreting paradigms". Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 9 (10): 561–70. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2012.137. PMID 22910681. S2CID 7425809.
Woodward J (2010). "Causation in biology: stability, specificity, and the choice of levels of explanation". Biology & Philosophy. 25 (3): 287–318. doi:10.1007/s10539-010-9200-z. S2CID 42625229 – via SpringerLink.
Ioannidis JP, Tarone R, McLaughlin JK (2011). "The False-positive to False-negative Ratio in Epidemiologic Studies". Epidemiology. 22 (4): 450–56. doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e31821b506e. PMID 21490505. S2CID 42756884.
Hernán MA, Hernández-Díaz S, Robins JM (2004). "A structural approach to selection bias". Epidemiology. 15 (5): 615–25. doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000135174.63482.43. PMID 15308962. S2CID 1373077.
Greenland S, Morgenstern H (2001). "Confounding in Health Research". Annu. Rev. Public Health. 22: 189–212. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.22.1.189. PMID 11274518. S2CID 4647751.

soton.ac.uk

oneweb.soton.ac.uk

"Homepage". University of Southampton. Tel: +4423 8059 5000 Fax: +4423 8059 3131 University of Southampton University Road Southampton SO17 1BJ United Kingdom.^{[permanent dead link]}

statprob.com

Anderson Gray McKendrick Archived 22 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine

ucla.edu

ph.ucla.edu

Doctor John Snow Blames Water Pollution for Cholera Epidemic, by David Vachon Archived 28 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine UCLA Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health May & June 2005
"Importance of Snow". www.ph.ucla.edu.

umich.edu

open.umich.edu

Neil Myburgh, Debra Jackson. "Measuring Health and Disease I: Introduction to Epidemiology". Archived from the original on 1 August 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2011.

web.archive.org

Historical Developments in Epidemiology Archived 19 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Chapter 2. Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC.
"Changing Concepts: Background to Epidemiology" (PDF). Duncan & Associates. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 3 February 2008.
"SARS: Clinical Trials on Treatment Using a Combination of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 8 June 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
Doctor John Snow Blames Water Pollution for Cholera Epidemic, by David Vachon Archived 28 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine UCLA Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health May & June 2005
John Snow, Father of Epidemiology Archived 20 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine NPR Talk of the Nation. 24 September 2004
Dr. John Snow. Archived 16 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine John Snow, Inc. and JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc.
Statisticians of the centuries Archived 30 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine. By C. C. Heyde, Eugene Senet
Anderson Gray McKendrick Archived 22 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
"Origins and early development of the case-control study" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
Green MD, D. Michal Freedman, and Leon Gordis. Reference Guide on Epidemiology (PDF). Federal Judicial Centre. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 3 February 2008.
Neil Myburgh, Debra Jackson. "Measuring Health and Disease I: Introduction to Epidemiology". Archived from the original on 1 August 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
Smetanin P, P. Kobak (October 2005). Interdisciplinary Cancer Risk Management: Canadian Life and Economic Impacts (PDF). 1st International Cancer Control Congress. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
Smetanin P, P. Kobak (July 2006). A Population-Based Risk Management Framework for Cancer Control. The International Union Against Cancer Conference. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2014.
Smetanin P, P. Kobak (July 2005). Selected Canadian Life and Economic Forecast Impacts of Lung Cancer. 11th World Conference on Lung Cancer. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2014.
WHO, "Health topics: Epidemiology." Archived 9 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine Accessed: 30 October 2017.
Miquel Porta. A Dictionary of Epidemiology. http://global.oup.com/academic/product/a-dictionary-of-epidemiology-9780199976737?cc=us&lang=en Archived 11 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine 6th edition, New York, 2014 Oxford University Press ISBN 978-0-19-997673-7 Accessed: 30 October 2017.
Prudhon, C & Spiegel, P. "A review of methodology and analysis of nutrition and mortality surveys conducted in humanitarian emergencies from October 1993 to April 2004" Emerging Themes in Epidemiology 2007, 4:10. http://www.ete-online.com/content/4/1/10 Archived 23 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine Accessed: 30 October 2017.
[1] Archived 29 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine 24

who.int

apps.who.int

"SARS: Clinical Trials on Treatment Using a Combination of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 8 June 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

who.int

WHO, "Health topics: Epidemiology." Archived 9 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine Accessed: 30 October 2017.

wikaeducation.com

Krishna, Kr (May 2019). "Education Consultancy". Krishna.

worldcat.org

Johnson, Steven, The ghost map : [the story of London's most terrifying epidemic – and how it changed science, cities, and the modern world], OCLC 1062993385, retrieved 16 September 2020
Eysenbach G (May 2011). "Infodemiology and Infoveillance". American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 40 (5): S154–S158. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.02.006. ISSN 0749-3797. PMID 21521589.
Eysenbach G (27 March 2009). "Infodemiology and Infoveillance: Framework for an Emerging Set of Public Health Informatics Methods to Analyze Search, Communication and Publication Behavior on the Internet". Journal of Medical Internet Research. 11 (1): e11. doi:10.2196/jmir.1157. ISSN 1438-8871. PMC 2762766. PMID 19329408.
Song JW, Chung KC (December 2010). "Observational Studies: Cohort and Case-Control Studies". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 126 (6): 2234–2242. doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181f44abc. ISSN 0032-1052. PMC 2998589. PMID 20697313.
Rothman KJ (2012). Epidemiology : An introduction (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-19-975455-7. OCLC 750986180.