Ermita (English Wikipedia)

"Jesuits In The Philippines (1581–1768)" Page 132 "In 1591 there arrived in Manila a secular priest named Juan Fernandez de Leon. He had led a hermit's life in Mexico and planned to continue it in the Philippines. For this purpose he built himself a retreat near a wayside shrine just outside the city walls which was dedicated to Our Lady of Guidance, Nuestra Sehora de Guia. His hermitage later gave its name to the entire district, which is called Ermita to this day."

arkitektura.ph (Global: low place; English: low place)

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Day Romulo, Beth. "MacArthur At Home in the Philippines; excerpted from the book "The Manila Hotel"; The Heart and Memory of a City". National Media Production Center. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved February 25, 2015.

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Fernandez, Erwin S. (April 27, 2017). The Diplomat-Scholar: A Biography of Leon Ma. Guerrero. ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. ISBN 978-981-4762-22-9.
Sahakian, Marlyne (2014). Keeping Cool in Southeast Asia: Energy Consumption and Urban Air-Conditioning (illustrated ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1137308832.
Sahakian, Marlyne; Saloma, Czarina; Erkman, Suren (October 4, 2016). Food Consumption in the City: Practices and patterns in urban Asia and the Pacific. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-31050-1.
Scott, James M. (October 30, 2018). Rampage: MacArthur, Yamashita, and the Battle of Manila. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-24695-7.

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"(5) The Plan: Manila". Burnham in the Philippines. June 6, 2010.

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Dick, Howard; Rimmer, Peter J. (2003), "Archipelagic Cities: Manila and Jakarta", in Dick, Howard; Rimmer, Peter J. (eds.), Cities, Transport and Communications: The Integration of Southeast Asia since 1850, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 257–288, doi:10.1057/9780230599949_8, ISBN 978-0-230-59994-9, retrieved December 23, 2025

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Chua, Paolo (January 7, 2018). "A Look at Some of the Most Storied Mansions in Old Manila". Esquire Philippines. Retrieved December 23, 2025.
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Blair, Emma Helen; Robertson, James Alexander, eds. (1906). The Philippine Islands, 1493–1803. Vol. 5: 1582–1583. Arthur H. Clark Company. p. 83.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Leo van der Velden, Tussen Prostituee en Maitresse, de Hospitality Girls van Ermita, Manila, 1982, ASC-VAZZOA Universiteit van Amsterdam https://hdl.handle.net/11653/book93585

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

De La Costa, H. (1959). "The Jesuits in the Philippines 1581-1959". Philippine Studies. 7 (1): 68–97. ISSN 0031-7837. JSTOR 42719422.

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An act to incorporate the City of Manila (183). July 31, 1901. Retrieved June 6, 2022.

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Hollie, Pamela G. (November 7, 1982). "Colonial Comfort in the Philippines". The New York Times. Retrieved August 27, 2007.

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Pineda, Janna Marie (April 11, 2024). "Arroceros Forest Park: Beating the heat by breathing through Manila's 'last lung'". Philippine Information Agency. Retrieved April 26, 2024.

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Census of Population (2020). Table B - Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City, and Municipality - By Region. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved July 8, 2021.

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"UNESCO Portal to the Heritage of Astronomy - Show entity". web.astronomicalheritage.net. Archived from the original on October 10, 2025. Retrieved December 23, 2025.
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Day Romulo, Beth. "MacArthur At Home in the Philippines; excerpted from the book "The Manila Hotel"; The Heart and Memory of a City". National Media Production Center. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved February 25, 2015.

wikidata.org (Global: 10^th place; English: 98^th place)

2024 Census of Population (POPCEN) Counts Declared Official by the President, July 17, 2025, Wikidata Q127963148

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De La Costa, H. (1959). "The Jesuits in the Philippines 1581-1959". Philippine Studies. 7 (1): 68–97. ISSN 0031-7837. JSTOR 42719422.

Ermita (English Wikipedia)

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