Espresso (English Wikipedia)

What is espresso? Or is it expresso? Archived 7 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Homecooking.about.com (14 June 2010). Retrieved on 13 February 2011.

academia.edu

Morris 2007. Morris, Jonathan (2007). "The Cappuccino Conquests: The Transnational History of Italian Coffee". Academia.org. University of Hertfordshire.

archive.org

Burchfield 1996, p. 286. Burchfield, R. W. (1996). Fowler's Modern English Usage (third ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-869126-6.

baristahustle.com

"Part 4 - Who really invented the first espresso machine?". Barista Hustle. Retrieved July 10, 2024.
"Part 4 - Who really invented the first espresso machine?". Barista Hustle. Retrieved July 9, 2024.

books.google.com

Formichelli, Linda; Martin, W. Eric; Gilbert, Susan (October 4, 2005). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Starting And Running A Coffeebar. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-4406-5071-0.
Price, Mark (July 14, 2016). The Food Lover's Handbook. Random House. ISBN 978-1-4735-2865-9.
Price, Mark (July 14, 2016). The Food Lover's Handbook. Random House. ISBN 978-1-4735-2865-9.
Hansen, Kristine; Arndorfer, Travis (September 5, 2006). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Coffee and Tea: The Perfect Companion to Your Daily Pick-Me-Up!. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-4406-2601-2.
Davids, Kenneth (October 15, 2013). Espresso: Ultimate Coffee, Second Edition. St. Martin's Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-4668-5477-2.
Davids, Kenneth (October 15, 2013). Espresso: Ultimate Coffee, Second Edition. St. Martin's Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-4668-5477-2.

chemistryviews.org

"Espresso Crema". ChemistryViews.org. October 7, 2014. Retrieved October 8, 2014.

coffeeresearch.org

"Espresso Coffee". Coffee Research Institute. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
"Espresso Tamping". CoffeeResearch.org. Retrieved December 8, 2013.

coffeereview.com

"ESPRESSO BASICS : HISTORY". coffeereview.com.

compasscoffee.com

"Coffee versus Espresso: Unraveling the Caffeine Mystery". Compass Coffee. Retrieved November 2, 2024.

doi.org

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). "Chapter 4: Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". In Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). pp. 120–121. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. Retrieved December 5, 2024.
Morris, Jonathan (August 18, 2011). "'Making Italian Espresso, Making Espresso Italian'" (PDF). Food and History. 8 (2): 155–183. doi:10.1484/J.FOOD.1.102222. hdl:2299/16547.

espresso.net

"The Great Debate: Espresso vs. Expresso". Espresso Blog. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015.

espressocoffeebrewers.com

"Espresso Coffee Maker Through History". EspressoCoffeeBrewers.com. December 13, 2017. Retrieved April 8, 2021.

espressoitaliano.org

"L'Espresso Italiano Certificato" (PDF). Istituto Nazionale Espresso Italiano. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 9, 2006. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
"Espresso Italiano Certificato" (PDF). Istituto Nazionale Espresso Italiano. Retrieved February 15, 2013.

espressopeople.com

What is Espresso. Espresso People. Retrieved on 13 February 2011. Archived 1 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine

esquirescoffee.co.uk

"The History of the Espresso". Esquires Coffee. February 12, 2020.

etymonline.com

"Online Etymology Dictionary".

fda.gov

United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 28, 2024.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Morris, Jonathan (August 18, 2011). "'Making Italian Espresso, Making Espresso Italian'" (PDF). Food and History. 8 (2): 155–183. doi:10.1484/J.FOOD.1.102222. hdl:2299/16547.

herts.ac.uk

uhra.herts.ac.uk

Morris, Jonathan (August 18, 2011). "'Making Italian Espresso, Making Espresso Italian'" (PDF). Food and History. 8 (2): 155–183. doi:10.1484/J.FOOD.1.102222. hdl:2299/16547.

home-barista.com

"Today's Espresso Scene". Home Barista. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
"Brewing ratios for espresso beverages". Home-Barista.com. November 13, 2006.

illy.com

Illy, "Il caffè e i cinque sensi" [1]: "La tazzina di porcellana bianca incornicia la crema: una trama sottile nei toni del nocciola, percorsa da leggere striature rossastre"

leafbeanmachine.com.au

"How To Make the Perfect Long Black Coffee". Leaf Bean Machine. December 10, 2022.

magazine.coffee

"A History of the Espresso Machine". Coffee Magazine. June 3, 2021.

mayoclinic.com

How much caffeine is in your daily habit?

merriam-webster.com

"Is it espresso or expresso? Yes". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
Expresso. Merriam-webster.com (13 August 2010). Retrieved on 13 February 2011

mrcoffee.com

"The Great Debate: Does Espresso or Drip Coffee Have More Caffeine?". Mr. Coffee. October 24, 2014. Archived from the original on May 22, 2019. Retrieved June 21, 2015.

nationalacademies.org

nap.nationalacademies.org

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). "Chapter 4: Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". In Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). pp. 120–121. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. Retrieved December 5, 2024.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). "Chapter 4: Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". In Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). pp. 120–121. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. Retrieved December 5, 2024.

nytimes.com

Hofmann, Paul (August 7, 1983). "Fare of the Country: In Italy, Espresso is the Elixir of Life". The New York Times. Retrieved March 25, 2018.

oed.com

dictionary.oed.com

"espresso". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University press. 1989. Retrieved October 30, 2009.

philips.it

"Qual è il caffè espresso perfetto e come va bevuto?" (in Italian). Retrieved June 13, 2022.

reference.com

dictionary.reference.com

"Expresso". Dictionary.com.
Expresso | Define Expresso at Dictionary.com. Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved on 13 February 2011.

rogerblench.info

"Roger Blench: Postcard from Eritrea". RogerBlench.info. Retrieved November 16, 2021.

seattlecoffeegear.com

"What is Crema?". seattlecoffeegear. Archived from the original on May 12, 2013. Retrieved June 8, 2013.

slate.com

Ben Yagoda (August 18, 2014). "Espresso or expresso? The x spelling actually has considerable historical precedent". Slate Magazine.

smithsonianmag.com

Stamp, Jimmy. "The Long History of the Espresso Machine". Smithsonian. Retrieved April 4, 2019.

usda.gov

ndb.nal.usda.gov

"Show Foods". Archived from the original on November 24, 2013.
"Show Foods". Archived from the original on November 22, 2013.

vinabarista.com

"Brew | Vinabarista | Espresso Vietnam". vinabarista.com. Retrieved July 10, 2024.

web.archive.org

United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 28, 2024.
What is espresso? Or is it expresso? Archived 7 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Homecooking.about.com (14 June 2010). Retrieved on 13 February 2011.
What is Espresso. Espresso People. Retrieved on 13 February 2011. Archived 1 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
"The Great Debate: Espresso vs. Expresso". Espresso Blog. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015.
Definition of espresso from Oxford Dictionaries Online. Oxforddictionaries.com. Retrieved on 13 February 2011.
"The Great Debate: Does Espresso or Drip Coffee Have More Caffeine?". Mr. Coffee. October 24, 2014. Archived from the original on May 22, 2019. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
"Show Foods". Archived from the original on November 24, 2013.
"Show Foods". Archived from the original on November 22, 2013.
"What is Crema?". seattlecoffeegear. Archived from the original on May 12, 2013. Retrieved June 8, 2013.
"L'Espresso Italiano Certificato" (PDF). Istituto Nazionale Espresso Italiano. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 9, 2006. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
Anatomy of a Triple Ristretto by Jeremy Gauger, Gimme Coffee, 17 March 2009

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Kevin, Sinnott (2010). The art and craft of coffee: an enthusiast's guide to selecting, roasting, and brewing exquisite coffee. Beverly, Mass.: Quarry Books. p. 160. ISBN 9781592535637. OCLC 437298903.