Nixon 2009, p.223. Nixon, Sam (2009), "Excavating Essouk-Tadmakka (Mali): new archaeological investigations of early Islamic trans-Saharan trade", Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, 44 (2): 217–244, doi:10.1080/00671990903047595, S2CID163032463.
Nixon 2009, pp.231, 236. Nixon, Sam (2009), "Excavating Essouk-Tadmakka (Mali): new archaeological investigations of early Islamic trans-Saharan trade", Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, 44 (2): 217–244, doi:10.1080/00671990903047595, S2CID163032463.
Nixon 2009, p.223. Nixon, Sam (2009), "Excavating Essouk-Tadmakka (Mali): new archaeological investigations of early Islamic trans-Saharan trade", Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, 44 (2): 217–244, doi:10.1080/00671990903047595, S2CID163032463.
Nixon 2009, pp.231, 236. Nixon, Sam (2009), "Excavating Essouk-Tadmakka (Mali): new archaeological investigations of early Islamic trans-Saharan trade", Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, 44 (2): 217–244, doi:10.1080/00671990903047595, S2CID163032463.