Breidenbach 2005, p. 89; quote: "Probably the first clash between the Russians and Chinese occurred in 1868. It was called the Manza War, Manzovskaia voina. "Manzy" was the Russian name for the Chinese population in those years. In 1868, the local Russian government decided to close down goldfields near Vladivostok, in the Gulf of Peter the Great, where 1,000 Chinese were employed. The Chinese decided that they did not want to go back, and resisted. The first clash occurred when the Chinese were removed from Askold Island, ..." Breidenbach, Joana (2005), Pál Nyíri, Joana Breidenbach (ed.), China inside out: contemporary Chinese nationalism and transnationalism (illustrated ed.), Central European University Press, ISBN963-7326-14-6
Breidenbach 2005, p. 90; quote: "... in the Gulf of Peter the Great. They organized themselves and raided three Russian villages and two military posts. For the first time, this attempt to drive the Chinese out was unsuccessful." Breidenbach, Joana (2005), Pál Nyíri, Joana Breidenbach (ed.), China inside out: contemporary Chinese nationalism and transnationalism (illustrated ed.), Central European University Press, ISBN963-7326-14-6
Stephan 1996, p. 65; quote: "To cope with the ubiquitous hong huzi, the Khudyakovs erected watchtowers, dug underground bunkers, and kept their power dry, enabling them to repulse periodic assaults. Less provident homesteaders took fatal risks. One day in 1879 a Finnish sea captain, Fridolf Heeck, returned to his home at Sidemi on an Amur Bay peninsula opposite Vladivostok to find the house in ruins, his common-law wife and manservant slaughtered, and his seven-year-old son abducted. What befell the Khudayakov and Heeck families threatened isolated southern Primorye settlements well into the twentieth century." Stephan, John J. (1996), The Russian Far East: A History (reprint, illustrated ed.), Stanford University Press, ISBN0-8047-2701-5
Wolff 1999, pp. 15–16, 199 Wolff, David (1999), To the Harbin Station: the liberal alternative in Russian Manchuria, 1898-1914, Stanford University Press, ISBN0-8047-3266-3
Lee 2005, p. 81 Lee, Jeanyoung (2005), "Korean-Chinese Migration into the Russian Far East"(PDF), in Iwashita, Akihiro (ed.), Siberia and the Russian Far East in the 21st Century: Partners in the "Community of Asia", Crossroads in Northeast Asia, vol. 1, Sapporo: Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University, pp. 67–93, retrieved 2010-01-03
