Eucharist (English Wikipedia)

LaVerdiere, Eugene (1996), The Eucharist in the New Testament and the Early Church, Liturgical Press, pp. 1–2, ISBN 978-0814661529
Richardson, Alan (1958). Introduction to the Theology of the New Testament. London: SCM Press. p. 364.
Catholic Church (2006). Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church. Libreria Editrice Vaticana. p. 275., and Catholic Church (1997). Catechism of the Catholic Church. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. pp. 1328–32. ISBN 978-1574551105.
Lambert, J.C. (1978). The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (reprint ed.). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. ISBN 978-0802880451.

arquivo.pt

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biblehub.com

"Strong's Greek: 2169. εὐχαριστία (eucharistia) – thankfulness, giving of thanks". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
"Strong's Greek: 2168. εὐχαριστέω (eucharisteó) – to be thankful". biblehub.com. Retrieved 19 November 2020.

bookofconcord.org

Mahler, Corey (10 December 2019). "Art. X: Of the Holy Supper | Book of Concord". bookofconcord.org. Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
Mahler, Corey (21 October 2020). "Part VI | Book of Concord". bookofconcord.org. Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.

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Campbell, Ted (1996). Christian Confessions: A Historical Introduction. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 325. ISBN 9780664256500.
Milavec, Aaron (2003). 'Didache' 9:1. Liturgical Press. pp. 22–23. ISBN 978-0814658314. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
Bradshaw, Paul F.; Johnson, Maxwell E. (2012). The Eucharistic Liturgies: Their Evolution and Interpretation. Liturgical Press. ISBN 978-0814662663.
Runciman, Steven (1968). The Great Church in Captivity. Cambridge University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0521313100.
Jax Peter Lowell, The Gluten-Free Bible, p. 279.

brethrenonline.org

"Brethren Online FAQs". Archived from the original on 18 May 2016.

britannica.com

"Encyclopædia Britannica, s.v. Eucharist". Britannica.com. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
"liturgy of the Eucharist | Definition & Rite". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 April 2021.

catho.org

"Denzinger 8020". Catho.org. Retrieved 16 May 2019.

catholicity.com

"Holy Communion". www.catholicity.com.

ccel.org

"First Apology, 66". Ccel.org. 1 June 2005. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
See First Apology, 65–67

christianbook.com

Communion Cups, 1000 Archived 4 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine from Broadman / Holman Church Supply. Christianbook.com. Accessed 5 July 2009.

christiansciencesocal.org

"Do Christian Scientists take Communion?". Christian Science Committee on Publication for Southern California.

christiantoday.com

"Archbishops advise against sharing chalice during swine flu pandemic". Christian Today. 27 July 2009. Retrieved 16 May 2019.

christlutheranchurch.org.uk

"Small Catechism (6): The Sacrament of the Altar". Christ Lutheran Church. Retrieved 24 June 2020.

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"Doctrine and Covenants 20:75". LDS Church. Retrieved 19 June 2009.
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"Moroni 5". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
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cofchrist.org

"Community of Christ: Communion". Archived from the original on 26 February 2011.

commonwealmagazine.org

"The Last Shakers?". Commonweal Magazine.

copticchurch.net

"Sacrament of the Eucharist: Rite of Sanctification of the Chalice". Copticchurch.net. Retrieved 16 May 2019.

doi.org

Bayne, Brian L. (1974). "Plymouth Brethren". In Cross, F. L.; Livingstone, E. A. (eds.). The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church; Nature. Vol. 329. Oxford University Press. p. 578. Bibcode:1987Natur.329..578B. doi:10.1038/329578b0. PMID 3309679.
Hovhanessian, Vahan (2011), "Badarak (Patarag)", The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization, American Cancer Society, doi:10.1002/9780470670606.wbecc0112, ISBN 978-0470670606
Zakhary, Beniamin (19 September 2024). "Moment or Process? Eucharistic Consecration and Epiclesis in Egyptian Thought: A Survey of Liturgical, Patristic, and Medieval Sources". The Journal of Theological Studies. doi:10.1093/jts/flae049. ISSN 0022-5185.
Mulder CJ, van Wanrooij RL, Bakker SF, Wierdsma N, Bouma G (2013). "Gluten-free diet in gluten-related disorders". Dig. Dis. (Review). 31 (1): 57–62. doi:10.1159/000347180. PMID 23797124. S2CID 14124370. The only treatment for CD, dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and gluten ataxia is lifelong adherence to a GFD.
Hischenhuber C, Crevel R, Jarry B, Mäki M, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Romano A, Troncone R, Ward R (1 March 2006). "Review article: safe amounts of gluten for patients with wheat allergy or coeliac disease". Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 23 (5): 559–75. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02768.x. PMID 16480395. S2CID 9970042. For both wheat allergy and coeliac disease the dietary avoidance of wheat and other gluten-containing cereals is the only effective treatment.
Volta U, Caio G, De Giorgio R, Henriksen C, Skodje G, Lundin KE (June 2015). "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity: a work-in-progress entity in the spectrum of wheat-related disorders". Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 29 (3): 477–91. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2015.04.006. PMID 26060112. A recently proposed approach to NCGS diagnosis is an objective improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms and extra-intestinal manifestations assessed through a rating scale before and after GFD. Although a standardized symptom rating scale is not yet applied worldwide, a recent study indicated that a decrease of the global symptom score higher than 50% after GFD can be regarded as confirmatory of NCGS (Table 1) [53]. […] After the confirmation of NCGS diagnosis, according to the previously mentioned work-up, patients are advized to start with a GFD [49].
Manangan, Lilia P.; Sehulster, Lynne M.; Chiarello, Linda; Simonds, Dawn N.; Jarvis, William R. (October 1998). "Risk of Infectious Disease Transmission from a Common Communion Cup". American Journal of Infection Control. 26 (5): 538–39. doi:10.1016/s0196-6553(98)70029-x. PMID 9795685. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
Pellerin, James; Edmond, Michael B. (2013). "Infections associated with religious rituals". International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 17 (11): e945–48. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2013.05.001. PMID 23791225.

elca.org

How do we move to weekly Communion? at elca.org Retrieved 2011-09-18^{[dead link‍]}
"ELCA Full Communion Partners". Elca.org. Retrieved 16 May 2019.

ewtn.com

Under Julius III Council of Trent Session 13 Chapter IV. Archived from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
McNamara, Father Edward (14 September 2004). "Gluten-free Hosts". ZENIT International News Agency. Archived from the original on 4 May 2008. Retrieved 22 April 2008.

fblcchicago.org

Kellerman, James. "The Lutheran Way of Worship". First Bethlehem Lutheran Church. Archived from the original on 19 June 2017. Retrieved 12 June 2017.

fgcquaker.org

"FAQs". Friends General Conference.

fordham.edu

"Canon 1". Archived from the original on 31 May 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2011.

gameo.org

"Ordinances". Gameo. 24 August 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2013.

google.com

Thomas R. Schreiner, Matthew R. Crawford, The Lord's Supper (B&H Publishing Group 2011 ISBN 978-0805447576), p. 156

hanover.edu

history.hanover.edu

"Council of Trent, Decree concerning the Most Holy Sacrament of the Eucharist, chapter IV and canon II". History.hanover.edu. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
Session XIII, chapter IV; cf. canon II)

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Bayne, Brian L. (1974). "Plymouth Brethren". In Cross, F. L.; Livingstone, E. A. (eds.). The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church; Nature. Vol. 329. Oxford University Press. p. 578. Bibcode:1987Natur.329..578B. doi:10.1038/329578b0. PMID 3309679.

intratext.com

"Code of Canon Law, canon 844". Intratext.com. 4 May 2007. Retrieved 16 May 2019.

jw.org

wol.jw.org

What Does the Bible Really Teach?. Watch Tower Society. p. 207.

kofc.org

Mulcahy, O.P., Bernard. "The Holy Eucharist" (PDF). kofc.org. Knights of Columbus. Retrieved 4 January 2017.

lcms.org

"Guidelines for Congregational, District, and Synodical Communion Statements" Archived 9 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine www.lcms.org. Retrieved 2016–12–28.

livingwordmedina.com

What Lutherans Believe About Holy Communion Archived 20 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2011–04–25.

lutheransonline.com

How Lutherans Worship Archived 24 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine at LutheransOnline.com. Retrieved 2011–04–24.

merriam-webster.com

"Definition of PASCH". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 27 October 2020.

methodist.org.uk

"Alcohol". Methodist Church of Great Britain. Archived from the original on 27 December 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2017.

moravian.org

"The Observance of the Lord's Supper". Moravian Church. 2010. Retrieved 13 October 2022.

nac-usa.org

"Professing Christ in Holy Communion". New Apostolic Church. 2017. Archived from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2021.

nak.org

"8.2.12 The real presence of the body and blood of Christ in Holy Communion". The Catechism of the New Apostolic Church. New Apostolic Church. 18 December 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
"8.2.13 The real presence of the sacrifice of Jesus Christ in Holy Communion". The Catechism of the New Apostolic Church. New Apostolic Church. 18 December 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
"The Catechism of the New Apostolic Church: 8.2.12 The real presence of the body and blood of Christ in Holy Communion". New Apostolic Church. 18 December 2020. Rather, the substance of Christ's body and blood is joined to them (consubstantiation).

newadvent.org

O'Connor, John Bonaventure. "St. Ignatius of Antioch." The Catholic Encyclopedia Archived 2023-01-25 at the Wayback Machine Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 15 Feb. 2016
Letter to the Smyrnaeans, 7-8
Letter to the Philadelphians, 4
St. Justin Martyr. CHURCH FATHERS: The First Apology Chapter 66. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
Aquinas, Thomas. "Summa Theologiæ Article 2". New Advent. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
Aquinas, Thomas. "Summa Theologiae, Question 77". New Advent. Kevin Knight. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
"Church Fathers: The First Apology (St. Justin Martyr)". www.newadvent.org.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bayne, Brian L. (1974). "Plymouth Brethren". In Cross, F. L.; Livingstone, E. A. (eds.). The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church; Nature. Vol. 329. Oxford University Press. p. 578. Bibcode:1987Natur.329..578B. doi:10.1038/329578b0. PMID 3309679.
Mulder CJ, van Wanrooij RL, Bakker SF, Wierdsma N, Bouma G (2013). "Gluten-free diet in gluten-related disorders". Dig. Dis. (Review). 31 (1): 57–62. doi:10.1159/000347180. PMID 23797124. S2CID 14124370. The only treatment for CD, dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and gluten ataxia is lifelong adherence to a GFD.
Hischenhuber C, Crevel R, Jarry B, Mäki M, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Romano A, Troncone R, Ward R (1 March 2006). "Review article: safe amounts of gluten for patients with wheat allergy or coeliac disease". Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 23 (5): 559–75. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02768.x. PMID 16480395. S2CID 9970042. For both wheat allergy and coeliac disease the dietary avoidance of wheat and other gluten-containing cereals is the only effective treatment.
Volta U, Caio G, De Giorgio R, Henriksen C, Skodje G, Lundin KE (June 2015). "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity: a work-in-progress entity in the spectrum of wheat-related disorders". Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 29 (3): 477–91. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2015.04.006. PMID 26060112. A recently proposed approach to NCGS diagnosis is an objective improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms and extra-intestinal manifestations assessed through a rating scale before and after GFD. Although a standardized symptom rating scale is not yet applied worldwide, a recent study indicated that a decrease of the global symptom score higher than 50% after GFD can be regarded as confirmatory of NCGS (Table 1) [53]. […] After the confirmation of NCGS diagnosis, according to the previously mentioned work-up, patients are advized to start with a GFD [49].
Manangan, Lilia P.; Sehulster, Lynne M.; Chiarello, Linda; Simonds, Dawn N.; Jarvis, William R. (October 1998). "Risk of Infectious Disease Transmission from a Common Communion Cup". American Journal of Infection Control. 26 (5): 538–39. doi:10.1016/s0196-6553(98)70029-x. PMID 9795685. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
Pellerin, James; Edmond, Michael B. (2013). "Infections associated with religious rituals". International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 17 (11): e945–48. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2013.05.001. PMID 23791225.

ntnl.org

Manangan, Lilia P.; Sehulster, Lynne M.; Chiarello, Linda; Simonds, Dawn N.; Jarvis, William R. (October 1998). "Risk of Infectious Disease Transmission from a Common Communion Cup". American Journal of Infection Control. 26 (5): 538–39. doi:10.1016/s0196-6553(98)70029-x. PMID 9795685. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2013.

oca.org

Berzonsky, Vladimir (24 January 2010). "The Doors". www.oca.org.

ocp.org

Higgins, Jethro (2018), Holy Communion: What is the Eucharist?, Oregon Catholic Press

oed.com

Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. "mass".

oikoumene.org

"Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry (Faith and Order Paper no. 111, the "Lima Text")". Oikoumene.org. 15 January 1982. Archived from the original on 7 November 2013. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
html#c10499 Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry document^{[permanent dead link‍]}

opc.org

D. G. Hart and John R. Muether (October 1997). "The Lord's Supper: How Often?". Ordained Servant. 6 (4).
"Question & Answer: The Orthodox Presbyterian Church". opc.org. Retrieved 26 September 2022.

oremus.org

bible.oremus.org

orthodoxanswers.org

Why do the Orthodox use leavened bread since leaven is a symbol of sin? Is not Christ's body sinless? Archived 26 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine – orthodoxanswers.org. Retrieved 26 August 2018.

orthodoxchristian.info

"Preparing to Receive Holy Communion". Archived from the original on 21 July 2008.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Zakhary, Beniamin (19 September 2024). "Moment or Process? Eucharistic Consecration and Epiclesis in Egyptian Thought: A Survey of Liturgical, Patristic, and Medieval Sources". The Journal of Theological Studies. doi:10.1093/jts/flae049. ISSN 0022-5185.

papalencyclicals.net

Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Fourth Lateran Council (1215)". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.. of Faith Fourth Lateran Council: 1215, 1. Confession of Faith, retrieved 2010-03-13.

plymouthbrethren.org

Gibson, Jean. "Lesson 13: The Lord's Supper". Plymouth Brethren Writings. Retrieved 27 April 2022. On the night of this sacred observance, Jesus introduced the memorial observance of bread and wine. Thereafter it was to remind believers of his body given and his blood shed for their salvation.
Gibson, Jean. "Lesson 13: The Lord's Supper". Plymouth Brethren Writings. Retrieved 27 April 2022.

religion-online.org

Compare John Howard Spahr, I Smell the Cup Archived 21 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Christian Century, 12 March 1974, pp. 257–59.

religionresourcesonline.org

Evangelical Lutheran Archived 7 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2013–03–23.

scborromeo.org

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Mulder CJ, van Wanrooij RL, Bakker SF, Wierdsma N, Bouma G (2013). "Gluten-free diet in gluten-related disorders". Dig. Dis. (Review). 31 (1): 57–62. doi:10.1159/000347180. PMID 23797124. S2CID 14124370. The only treatment for CD, dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and gluten ataxia is lifelong adherence to a GFD.
Hischenhuber C, Crevel R, Jarry B, Mäki M, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Romano A, Troncone R, Ward R (1 March 2006). "Review article: safe amounts of gluten for patients with wheat allergy or coeliac disease". Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 23 (5): 559–75. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02768.x. PMID 16480395. S2CID 9970042. For both wheat allergy and coeliac disease the dietary avoidance of wheat and other gluten-containing cereals is the only effective treatment.

stgeorgegoc.org

"How to Prepare for the Eucharist". Archived from the original on 9 May 2013.

stlukeorthodox.com

"Preparation for Holy Communion". Stlukeorthodox.com. 4 February 2001. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013. Retrieved 16 May 2019.

stmartin-in-the-fields.org

"Keeping the Feast: Thoughts on Virtual Communion in a Lockdown Era". 27 March 2020. Retrieved 21 August 2023.

thegospelcoalition.org

Wax, Trevin (6 June 2007). "Baptists and the Lord's Supper". The Gospel Coalition. Retrieved 27 April 2022. There are many other Baptists in history who have understood the "spiritual presence" of Christ in the Lord's Supper.

tripod.com

stephenpimentel.tripod.com

"'Abrahamic, Mosaic, and Prophetic Foundations of the Eucharist'. Inside the Vatican 16, no. 4 (2008): 102–05". Archived from the original on 10 December 2010. Retrieved 16 May 2019.

ucc.org

(Book of Worship). Holy Communion: A Practice of Faith in the United Church of Christ

umc.org

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"Concluding Rites". www.usccb.org. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
"The Real Presence of Jesus Christ in the Sacrament of the Eucharist: Basic Questions and Answers". United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Retrieved 4 January 2017.

bible.usccb.org

Matthew 26:26–28; Mark 14:22–24; Luke 22:19–20

vatican.va

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Catechism of the Catholic Church (2nd ed.). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 2019. Paragraph 2837.
"The Eucharist in the Economy of Salvation". Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1333. Libreria Editrice Vaticana. (emphasis added)
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"Eucharist and Gospel of John". VatiKos Theologie. 11 October 2013. Archived from the original on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2017.

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"Why Does the Salvation Army Not Baptize or Hold Communion Services?". Waterbeachsalvationarmy.org.uk. 28 February 1987. Archived from the original on 13 December 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2019.

web.archive.org

Kellerman, James. "The Lutheran Way of Worship". First Bethlehem Lutheran Church. Archived from the original on 19 June 2017. Retrieved 12 June 2017.
"Eucharist and Gospel of John". VatiKos Theologie. 11 October 2013. Archived from the original on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
O'Connor, John Bonaventure. "St. Ignatius of Antioch." The Catholic Encyclopedia Archived 2023-01-25 at the Wayback Machine Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 15 Feb. 2016
Mahler, Corey (10 December 2019). "Art. X: Of the Holy Supper | Book of Concord". bookofconcord.org. Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
Mahler, Corey (21 October 2020). "Part VI | Book of Concord". bookofconcord.org. Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
"Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry (Faith and Order Paper no. 111, the "Lima Text")". Oikoumene.org. 15 January 1982. Archived from the original on 7 November 2013. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
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Why do the Orthodox use leavened bread since leaven is a symbol of sin? Is not Christ's body sinless? Archived 26 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine – orthodoxanswers.org. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
What Lutherans Believe About Holy Communion Archived 20 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2011–04–25.
How Lutherans Worship Archived 24 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine at LutheransOnline.com. Retrieved 2011–04–24.
"Alcohol". Methodist Church of Great Britain. Archived from the original on 27 December 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Communion Cups, 1000 Archived 4 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine from Broadman / Holman Church Supply. Christianbook.com. Accessed 5 July 2009.
"Professing Christ in Holy Communion". New Apostolic Church. 2017. Archived from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
"Why Does the Salvation Army Not Baptize or Hold Communion Services?". Waterbeachsalvationarmy.org.uk. 28 February 1987. Archived from the original on 13 December 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
Evangelical Lutheran Archived 7 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2013–03–23.
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"Preparation for Holy Communion". Stlukeorthodox.com. 4 February 2001. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
letter Archived 29 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
McNamara, Father Edward (14 September 2004). "Gluten-free Hosts". ZENIT International News Agency. Archived from the original on 4 May 2008. Retrieved 22 April 2008.
"Catechism of the Catholic Church – IntraText". www.vatican.va. Archived from the original on 16 June 2012.
"Code of Canon Law, canon 924 §1". Archived from the original on 4 December 2010.
Compare John Howard Spahr, I Smell the Cup Archived 21 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Christian Century, 12 March 1974, pp. 257–59.
Manangan, Lilia P.; Sehulster, Lynne M.; Chiarello, Linda; Simonds, Dawn N.; Jarvis, William R. (October 1998). "Risk of Infectious Disease Transmission from a Common Communion Cup". American Journal of Infection Control. 26 (5): 538–39. doi:10.1016/s0196-6553(98)70029-x. PMID 9795685. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2013.

wels.net

"Close communion and membership". WELS. 14 May 2015.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

1 Corinthians 11:23–24
11:20–21
Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Fourth Lateran Council (1215)". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.. of Faith Fourth Lateran Council: 1215, 1. Confession of Faith, retrieved 2010-03-13.

worldcat.org

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See, e.g., Roberts, B. H. (1938). Comprehensive History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Deseret News Press. OCLC 0842503005.
Zakhary, Beniamin (19 September 2024). "Moment or Process? Eucharistic Consecration and Epiclesis in Egyptian Thought: A Survey of Liturgical, Patristic, and Medieval Sources". The Journal of Theological Studies. doi:10.1093/jts/flae049. ISSN 0022-5185.
See, e.g., Graves, J. R. (1928). What is It to Eat and Drink Unworthily. Baptist Sunday School Committee. OCLC 6323560.

wsj.com

Reddy, Sumathi (7 January 2011). "Hands Off After Wafer Scare". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 12 October 2012.