Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Eugenie Schwarzwald" in English language version.
Schmidl (Schmiedl) (Theresie) Marianne, Völkerkundlerin und Bibliothekarin. Geb. Berchtesgaden, Bayern (Deutschland), 3. 8. 1890; gest. vor 9. 5. 1945 (amtl. Todeserklärung vom 12. 5. 1950). Jüd. Herkunft, Tochter eines Wr. Hof- und Gerichtsadvokaten; evang. AB. Absolv. die unteren Gymn.Kl. am Schwarzwaldschen Mädchengymn. in Wien, die weiteren Jgg. in Graz. Ab 1910 stud. sie an der Univ. Wien Mathematik und Physik, u. a. bei F. Exner (s. d.) sowie Wilhelm Wirtinger, ab 1913 Ethnographie, Anthropol., Urgeschichte sowie Volkskde., v. a. bei R. Pöch, M. Hoernes und M. Haberlandt (alle s. d.); 1916 Dr. phil.
Eugenie Schwarzwald, who would initiate an educational revolution in Vienna, was born Eugenie Nussbaum in 1872, not in the capital of the multinational Habsburg Empire but in Polupanowka, a small, nondescript town in the forested region of the Austrian province of Galicia
In 1901, Eugenie Schwarzwald purchased a girls' secondary school in the center of Vienna, and founded the "Schwarzwald'sche school." Her students came mainly from rich assimilated Jewish families. Aware of the competition with other Viennese private girls' secondary schools, of which one-third were directed by Jewish women, Schwarzwald raised the flag for equal education for girls. The first round in her battle was to allow her students to enter the university. She initiated two additional advanced programs to the established six- year curriculum customary at secondary schools for girls: a three-year program enabling her students to enter university as auditors and a four-year program concluding with the A-level exams, which enabled them to register as university students. In 1903, she opened a coeducational primary school, later expanding it into a pre-school. In 1905, lacking a teaching diploma for secondary schools, she was forced to appoint an official director, while herself remaining the proprietor of the school. In 1911, Schwarzwald won the second and conclusive round in her battle, by opening an eight-years girls' gymnasium at her school. Aware of the latest European reform trends, Schwarzwald adapted ideas from popular educators such as the Austrian Franz Cižek (1865–1946), Italian Maria Montessori (1870–1952) and the German Hermann Lietz (1868–1919), applying their creative individual education practices. Among the famous teachers at her school were Hans Kelsen (1881–1973) sociology and political economy, Egon Wellesz (1885–1974) music, Otto Rommel (1880–1965) literature, Adolf Loos (1870–1933) modern architecture and Oskar Kokoschka (1886–1980) drawing.
Eugenie Schwarzwald, née Nussbaum, born on 4th July 1872 in Polupanowka near Tarnopol, Austria-Hungary and died on 7 August 1940 in Zurich, was an Austrian educationalist, social reformist and women's rights activist and is especially known for her pioneering work in the field of girls' education. From 1933, she helped refugees from Germany, from 1934 she also supported persecuted social democrats. In 1938, during a stay in Denmark, she was surprised by the Anschluss; she never returned to Vienna, instead she emigrated to Switzerland. In Austria, her entire assets were aryanized and her school was closed down; most students had to emigrate or were later murdered in the Shoah. Her husband was able to flee Austria to Switzerland in 1938 where he died in 1939.
