Euphorbia (English Wikipedia)

Carter S (2002). "Euphorbia". In Eggli U (ed.). Dicotyledons. Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants. Vol. 5. Springer. p. 102. ISBN 978-3-540-41966-2.
Adamson J (2011). Born Free: The Full Story. Pan Macmillan. p. 23. ISBN 9780330536745. Retrieved 6 Oct 2014.

cactiguide.com

"Cacti or Not? Many succulents look like cacti, but are not". CactiGuide.com. Retrieved 1 Feb 2019.

cactus-art.biz

Euphorbia coerulescens

davesgarden.com

Stein, G. (22 Apr 2011). "Euphorbia "Flowers," an introduction to the amazing Cyathia". Dave's Garden. Retrieved 1 Feb 2019.

doi.org

Stebbins GL, Hoogland RD (1976). "Species diversity, ecology and evolution in a primitive Angiosperm genus:Hibbertia (Dilleniaceae)". Plant Syst. Evol. 125 (3): 139–154. Bibcode:1976PSyEv.125..139S. doi:10.1007/BF00986147. S2CID 27820065.
Basak, Samar K.; Bakshi, Partho K.; Basu, Sabitabrata; Basak, Soham (2009). "Keratouveitis caused by Euphorbia plant sap". Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 57 (4): 311–313. doi:10.4103/0301-4738.53060. ISSN 0301-4738. PMC 2712704. PMID 19574703.
Eke T, Al-Husainy S, Raynor MK (2000). "The spectrum of ocular inflammation caused by Euphorbia plant sap". Arch. Ophthalmol. 118 (1): 13–16. doi:10.1001/archopht.118.1.13. PMID 10636407.
Manzo, Andrea (2014). "Snakes and Sacrifices: Tentative Insights into the Pre-Christian Ethiopian Religion". Aethiopica. 17: 7–24. doi:10.15460/aethiopica.17.1.737. ISSN 2194-4024.
Steinmann VW, Porter JM (2002). "Phylogenetic relationships in Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae) based on ITS and ndhF sequence data". Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 89 (4): 453–490. doi:10.2307/3298591. JSTOR 3298591.
Steinmann VW (2003). "The submersion of Pedilanthus into Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae)". Acta Botanica Mexicana (65): 45–50. doi:10.21829/abm65.2003.961. ISSN 2448-7589.
Bruyns PV, Mapaya RJ, Hedderson TJ (2006). "A new subgeneric classification for Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in southern Africa based on ITS and psbA-trnH sequence data". Taxon. 55 (2): 397–420. doi:10.2307/25065587. JSTOR 25065587.
Steinmann VW, van Ee B, Berry PE, Gutiérrez J (2007). "The systematic position of Cubanthus and other shrubby endemic species of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in Cuba". Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid. 64 (2): 123–133. doi:10.3989/ajbm.2007.v64.i2.167.
Horn, James W.; van Ee, Benjamin W.; Morawetz, Jeffery J.; Riina, Ricarda; Steinmann, Victor W.; Berry, Paul E.; Wurdack, Kenneth J. (May 2012). "Phylogenetics and the evolution of major structural characters in the giant genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 63 (2): 305–326. Bibcode:2012MolPE..63..305H. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.022. hdl:10261/169091. ISSN 1095-9513. PMID 22273597. S2CID 22055432.
Riina, Ricarda; Peirson, Jess A.; Geltman, Dmitry V.; Molero, Julián; Frajman, Božo; Pahlevani, Amirhossein; Barres, Laia; Morawetz, Jeffery J.; Salmaki, Yasaman; Zarre, Shahin; Kryukov, Aleksey; Bruyns, Peter V.; Berry, Paul E. (2013-04-20). "A worldwide molecular phylogeny and classification of the leafy spurges, Euphorbia subgenus Esula (Euphorbiaceae)". Taxon. 62 (2): 316–342. doi:10.12705/622.3.
Yang, Ya; Riina, Ricarda; Morawetz, Jeffery J.; Haevermans, Thomas; Aubriot, Xavier; Berry, Paul E. (August 2012). "Molecular phylogenetics and classification of Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce (Euphorbiaceae)". Taxon. 61 (4): 764–789. doi:10.1002/tax.614005. hdl:2027.42/146846.
Dorsey, Brian L.; Haevermans, Thomas; Aubriot, Xavier; Morawetz, Jeffery J.; Riina, Ricarda; Steinmann, Victor W.; Berry, Paul E. (2013-04-20). "Phylogenetics, morphological evolution, and classification of Euphorbia subgenus Euphorbia". Taxon. 62 (2): 291–315. doi:10.12705/622.1. hdl:2027.42/146962. S2CID 87352157.

euphorbia.de

Hodgkiss, RJ. "Research into euphorbia latex and irritant ingredients". www.euphorbia.de. Retrieved 2 Nov 2013.

euphorbiaceae.org

"Euphorbia PBI - Project Description". Planetary Biodiversity Inventory (PBI). Retrieved 1 Feb 2019.
"About the genus Euphorbia". Planetary Biodiversity Inventory (PBI). Retrieved 1 Feb 2019.

finegardening.com

"Euphorbia". Fine Gardening. The Taunton Press, Inc.

floradecanarias.com

"Euphorbia balsamifera". Flora de Canarias. Retrieved 1 Feb 2019.
"Euphorbia canariensis". Flora de Canarias. Retrieved 1 Feb 2019.

flowersofindia.net

"Leafless milk hedge". Flowers of India. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
"Leafy milk hedge". Flowers of India. Retrieved 29 September 2021.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Horn, James W.; van Ee, Benjamin W.; Morawetz, Jeffery J.; Riina, Ricarda; Steinmann, Victor W.; Berry, Paul E.; Wurdack, Kenneth J. (May 2012). "Phylogenetics and the evolution of major structural characters in the giant genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 63 (2): 305–326. Bibcode:2012MolPE..63..305H. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.022. hdl:10261/169091. ISSN 1095-9513. PMID 22273597. S2CID 22055432.
Yang, Ya; Riina, Ricarda; Morawetz, Jeffery J.; Haevermans, Thomas; Aubriot, Xavier; Berry, Paul E. (August 2012). "Molecular phylogenetics and classification of Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce (Euphorbiaceae)". Taxon. 61 (4): 764–789. doi:10.1002/tax.614005. hdl:2027.42/146846.
Dorsey, Brian L.; Haevermans, Thomas; Aubriot, Xavier; Morawetz, Jeffery J.; Riina, Ricarda; Steinmann, Victor W.; Berry, Paul E. (2013-04-20). "Phylogenetics, morphological evolution, and classification of Euphorbia subgenus Euphorbia". Taxon. 62 (2): 291–315. doi:10.12705/622.1. hdl:2027.42/146962. S2CID 87352157.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Stebbins GL, Hoogland RD (1976). "Species diversity, ecology and evolution in a primitive Angiosperm genus:Hibbertia (Dilleniaceae)". Plant Syst. Evol. 125 (3): 139–154. Bibcode:1976PSyEv.125..139S. doi:10.1007/BF00986147. S2CID 27820065.
Horn, James W.; van Ee, Benjamin W.; Morawetz, Jeffery J.; Riina, Ricarda; Steinmann, Victor W.; Berry, Paul E.; Wurdack, Kenneth J. (May 2012). "Phylogenetics and the evolution of major structural characters in the giant genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 63 (2): 305–326. Bibcode:2012MolPE..63..305H. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.022. hdl:10261/169091. ISSN 1095-9513. PMID 22273597. S2CID 22055432.

houzz.com

"Euphorbia botany lesson". Houzz. 30 Jun 2010. Retrieved 1 Feb 2019.

jstor.org

Steinmann VW, Porter JM (2002). "Phylogenetic relationships in Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae) based on ITS and ndhF sequence data". Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 89 (4): 453–490. doi:10.2307/3298591. JSTOR 3298591.
Bruyns PV, Mapaya RJ, Hedderson TJ (2006). "A new subgeneric classification for Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in southern Africa based on ITS and psbA-trnH sequence data". Taxon. 55 (2): 397–420. doi:10.2307/25065587. JSTOR 25065587.

kew.org

powo.science.kew.org

"Euphorbia L." Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2020.

apps.kew.org

"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP)". Kew Science. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 16 Apr 2011.

wcsp.science.kew.org

"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - Euphorbia × martini Rouy, Ill. Pl. Eur. 13: 107 (1900)". Kew Science. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 26 Feb 2018.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Basak, Samar K.; Bakshi, Partho K.; Basu, Sabitabrata; Basak, Soham (2009). "Keratouveitis caused by Euphorbia plant sap". Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 57 (4): 311–313. doi:10.4103/0301-4738.53060. ISSN 0301-4738. PMC 2712704. PMID 19574703.
Eke T, Al-Husainy S, Raynor MK (2000). "The spectrum of ocular inflammation caused by Euphorbia plant sap". Arch. Ophthalmol. 118 (1): 13–16. doi:10.1001/archopht.118.1.13. PMID 10636407.
Horn, James W.; van Ee, Benjamin W.; Morawetz, Jeffery J.; Riina, Ricarda; Steinmann, Victor W.; Berry, Paul E.; Wurdack, Kenneth J. (May 2012). "Phylogenetics and the evolution of major structural characters in the giant genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 63 (2): 305–326. Bibcode:2012MolPE..63..305H. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.022. hdl:10261/169091. ISSN 1095-9513. PMID 22273597. S2CID 22055432.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Basak, Samar K.; Bakshi, Partho K.; Basu, Sabitabrata; Basak, Soham (2009). "Keratouveitis caused by Euphorbia plant sap". Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 57 (4): 311–313. doi:10.4103/0301-4738.53060. ISSN 0301-4738. PMC 2712704. PMID 19574703.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Stebbins GL, Hoogland RD (1976). "Species diversity, ecology and evolution in a primitive Angiosperm genus:Hibbertia (Dilleniaceae)". Plant Syst. Evol. 125 (3): 139–154. Bibcode:1976PSyEv.125..139S. doi:10.1007/BF00986147. S2CID 27820065.
Horn, James W.; van Ee, Benjamin W.; Morawetz, Jeffery J.; Riina, Ricarda; Steinmann, Victor W.; Berry, Paul E.; Wurdack, Kenneth J. (May 2012). "Phylogenetics and the evolution of major structural characters in the giant genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 63 (2): 305–326. Bibcode:2012MolPE..63..305H. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.022. hdl:10261/169091. ISSN 1095-9513. PMID 22273597. S2CID 22055432.
Dorsey, Brian L.; Haevermans, Thomas; Aubriot, Xavier; Morawetz, Jeffery J.; Riina, Ricarda; Steinmann, Victor W.; Berry, Paul E. (2013-04-20). "Phylogenetics, morphological evolution, and classification of Euphorbia subgenus Euphorbia". Taxon. 62 (2): 291–315. doi:10.12705/622.1. hdl:2027.42/146962. S2CID 87352157.

thespruce.com

Beaulieu, D (21 Oct 2018). "Do You Know the Difference Between Cacti and Succulents?". The Spruce. Dotdash. Retrieved 1 Feb 2019.

uni-hamburg.de

journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de

Manzo, Andrea (2014). "Snakes and Sacrifices: Tentative Insights into the Pre-Christian Ethiopian Religion". Aethiopica. 17: 7–24. doi:10.15460/aethiopica.17.1.737. ISSN 2194-4024.

wiley.com

doi.wiley.com

Riina, Ricarda; Peirson, Jess A.; Geltman, Dmitry V.; Molero, Julián; Frajman, Božo; Pahlevani, Amirhossein; Barres, Laia; Morawetz, Jeffery J.; Salmaki, Yasaman; Zarre, Shahin; Kryukov, Aleksey; Bruyns, Peter V.; Berry, Paul E. (2013-04-20). "A worldwide molecular phylogeny and classification of the leafy spurges, Euphorbia subgenus Esula (Euphorbiaceae)". Taxon. 62 (2): 316–342. doi:10.12705/622.3.
Dorsey, Brian L.; Haevermans, Thomas; Aubriot, Xavier; Morawetz, Jeffery J.; Riina, Ricarda; Steinmann, Victor W.; Berry, Paul E. (2013-04-20). "Phylogenetics, morphological evolution, and classification of Euphorbia subgenus Euphorbia". Taxon. 62 (2): 291–315. doi:10.12705/622.1. hdl:2027.42/146962. S2CID 87352157.

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Yang, Ya; Riina, Ricarda; Morawetz, Jeffery J.; Haevermans, Thomas; Aubriot, Xavier; Berry, Paul E. (August 2012). "Molecular phylogenetics and classification of Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce (Euphorbiaceae)". Taxon. 61 (4): 764–789. doi:10.1002/tax.614005. hdl:2027.42/146846.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Basak, Samar K.; Bakshi, Partho K.; Basu, Sabitabrata; Basak, Soham (2009). "Keratouveitis caused by Euphorbia plant sap". Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 57 (4): 311–313. doi:10.4103/0301-4738.53060. ISSN 0301-4738. PMC 2712704. PMID 19574703.
Manzo, Andrea (2014). "Snakes and Sacrifices: Tentative Insights into the Pre-Christian Ethiopian Religion". Aethiopica. 17: 7–24. doi:10.15460/aethiopica.17.1.737. ISSN 2194-4024.
Steinmann VW (2003). "The submersion of Pedilanthus into Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae)". Acta Botanica Mexicana (65): 45–50. doi:10.21829/abm65.2003.961. ISSN 2448-7589.
Horn, James W.; van Ee, Benjamin W.; Morawetz, Jeffery J.; Riina, Ricarda; Steinmann, Victor W.; Berry, Paul E.; Wurdack, Kenneth J. (May 2012). "Phylogenetics and the evolution of major structural characters in the giant genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 63 (2): 305–326. Bibcode:2012MolPE..63..305H. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.022. hdl:10261/169091. ISSN 1095-9513. PMID 22273597. S2CID 22055432.