European Union (English Wikipedia)

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bbc.com (Global: 20^th place; English: 30^th place)

"EU Referendum Result". BBC. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
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bis.org (Global: 4,514^th place; English: 3,901^st place)

"Triennial Central Bank Survey 2007" (PDF). BIS. 19 December 2007. Retrieved 25 July 2009.

bloomberg.com (Global: 99^th place; English: 77^th place)

Deutsch, Jillian; Pronina, Lyubov (27 February 2022). "EU Approves 450 Million Euros of Arms Supplies for Ukraine". Bloomberg.com.

bloombergtax.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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"Europe Unveils New Sanctions Plan for Human Rights Violations". Bloomberg Tax. Retrieved 19 October 2020.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Parsons, Craig; Jabko, Nicolas (2005). With US Or Against US?: European Trends in American Perspective. Oxford University Press. p. 146. ISBN 978-0-19-928395-8. Fourth, the European Council acts a "collective head of state" for the EU.
Klimczak-Pawlak, Agata (2014). Towards the Pragmatic Core of English for European Communication: The Speech Act of Apologising in Selected Euro-Englishes. Springer Science & Business. ISBN 978-3-319-03557-4.

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

"European Union". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 3 July 2013. international organisation comprising 28 European countries and governing common economic, social, and security policies ...

businessinsider.com (Global: 140^th place; English: 115^th place)

Boesler, Matthew (11 November 2013). "There Are Only Two Real Threats To The US Dollar's Status As The International Reserve Currency". Business Insider. Retrieved 8 December 2013.

c2es.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

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cambridge.org (Global: 305^th place; English: 264^th place)

Diez, Thomas; Albert, Mathias; Stetter, Stephan, eds. (2008). The European Union and Border Conflicts: The Power of Integration and Association. Cambridge Core. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511491337. ISBN 978-0-511-49133-7. Retrieved 19 December 2019.

cer.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bildt, Carl (2005). "Europe must keep its 'soft power'". Financial Times on Centre for European Reform. Archived from the original on 9 June 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2007.

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cia.gov (Global: 89^th place; English: 147^th place)

"European Union". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
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citizensinformation.ie (Global: low place; English: 7,599^th place)

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cnn.com (Global: 28^th place; English: 26^th place)

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"In pictures: Russia invades Ukraine". cnn.com. cnn.com. 8 March 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2022.

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coe.int (Global: 772^nd place; English: 849^th place)

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And is effectively treated as one of the Copenhagen criteria. Assembly.coe.int. This is a political and not a legal requirement for membership. Archived 26 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine.

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cop30.br (Global: low place; English: low place)

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cvce.eu (Global: 5,507^th place; English: 6,390^th place)

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defenseone.com (Global: 9,298^th place; English: 6,082^nd place)

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diis.dk (Global: low place; English: low place)

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doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Rumford, Chris (2016). "European Union". The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Globalization. pp. 1–4. doi:10.1002/9780470670590.wbeog188.pub2. ISBN 9780470670590.
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Hansen, Peo; Jonsson, Stefan (2011). "Bringing Africa as a 'Dowry to Europe'". Interventions. 13 (3): 443–463 (459). doi:10.1080/1369801X.2011.597600. S2CID 142558321.
Bakardjieva Engelbrekt, Antonina; Leijon, Karin; Michalski, Anna; Oxelheim, Lars, eds. (2020). The European Union and the Return of the Nation State. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35005-5. ISBN 978-3-030-35004-8.
Zglinski, Jan (31 October 2023). "The new judicial federalism: the evolving relationship between EU and Member State courts". European Law Open. 2 (2): 345–371. doi:10.1017/elo.2023.27. ISSN 2752-6135.
Peterson, John (August 2008). "Enlargement, reform and the European Commission. Weathering a perfect storm?". Journal of European Public Policy. 15 (5): 761–780. doi:10.1080/13501760802133328. S2CID 154664296.
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Lähdesmäki, Tuuli (2022). "The role of Christianity in the European Union's heritage and history initiatives". Journal of European Studies. 52 (3–4): 170–186. doi:10.1177/00472441221115571.
Campos, Nauro F.; Coricelli, Fabrizio; Moretti, Luigi (1 May 2019). "Institutional integration and economic growth in Europe". Journal of Monetary Economics. 103: 88–104. doi:10.1016/j.jmoneco.2018.08.001. hdl:20.500.11850/342557. ISSN 0304-3932.
Caliendo, Lorenzo; Parro, Fernando; Opromolla, Luca David; Sforza, Alessandro (2021). "Goods and Factor Market Integration: A Quantitative Assessment of the EU Enlargement". Journal of Political Economy. 129 (12): 3491–3545. doi:10.1086/716560. hdl:10419/171064. ISSN 0022-3808. S2CID 240811706.
Diez, Thomas; Stetter, Stephan; Albert, Mathias (July 2006). "The European Union and Border Conflicts: The Transformative Power of Integration". International Organization. 60 (3): 563–593. doi:10.1017/S0020818306060218. ISSN 1531-5088. S2CID 102491575.
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Poast, Paul; Chinchilla, Alexandra (2020). "Good for democracy? Evidence from the 2004 NATO expansion". International Politics. 57 (3): 471–490. doi:10.1057/s41311-020-00236-6. ISSN 1740-3898. S2CID 219012478.
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dw.com (Global: 204^th place; English: 353^rd place)

"EU's von der Leyen proposes €800 billion defense plan – DW – 03/04/2025". dw.com. Retrieved 4 March 2025.
"EU unveils €300 billion plan to reduce its energy dependency on Russia". dw.com. 18 May 2022.

e-ir.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

Cunha, Alberto (5 July 2020). "Post-Brexit EU Defence Policy: Is Germany Leading towards a European Army?". E-International Relations. Retrieved 1 January 2022.

ecb.int (Global: 5,769^th place; English: 5,647^th place)

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ecoc-doc-athens.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bozoki, Andras. "Cultural Policy and Politics in the European Union" (PDF). Cultural Policy and Politics in the European Union.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2013. Retrieved 4 June 2013.

economist.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 236^th place)

"In Europe, life expectancy is lower in the east". The Economist.

ejiltalk.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"A first insight into the EU proposal for a Directive on countering violence against women and domestic violence". 7 April 2022.

eui.eu (Global: low place; English: 8,389^th place)

archives.eui.eu

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eumonitor.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

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euobserver.com (Global: 4,336^th place; English: 3,558^th place)

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euractiv.com (Global: 3,286^th place; English: 2,369^th place)

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euronews.com (Global: 612^th place; English: 921^st place)

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europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

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Although not EU treaties per se, these treaties affected the development of the EU defence arm, a main part of the CFSP. The Franco-British alliance established by the Dunkirk Treaty was de facto superseded by WU. The CFSP pillar was bolstered by some of the security structures that had been established within the remit of the 1955 Modified Brussels Treaty (MBT). The Brussels Treaty was terminated in 2011, consequently dissolving the WEU, as the mutual defence clause that the Lisbon Treaty provided for EU was considered to render the WEU superfluous. The EU thus de facto superseded the WEU.
As outlined in Title I of Part I of the consolidated Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
Treaty on European Union: Article 17:7
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arte.tv (Global: 1,950^th place; English: 7,493^rd place)

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bloomberg.com (Global: 99^th place; English: 77^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

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businessinsider.com (Global: 140^th place; English: 115^th place)

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cia.gov (Global: 89^th place; English: 147^th place)

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cnn.com (Global: 28^th place; English: 26^th place)

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defenseone.com (Global: 9,298^th place; English: 6,082^nd place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

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economist.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 236^th place)

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independent.co.uk (Global: 36^th place; English: 33^rd place)

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