European badger (English Wikipedia)

Linnaeus, C. (1758). "Ursus meles". Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. Tomus I (decima, reformata ed.). Holmiae: Laurentius Salvius. p. 48. (in Latin)
Heptner & Sludskii 2001, pp. 1253–1254 Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2001). "Badger Meles meles Linnaeus, 1758". Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, Part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation. pp. 1232–1282. ISBN 90-04-08876-8.
Graells, M. de la P. (1897). "Meles Taxus. (Schreb.)". Fauna Mastodológica Ibérica. Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales de Madrid. Vol. 17. Madrid. pp. 170–173.
Heptner & Sludskii 2001, pp. 1254–1255 Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2001). "Badger Meles meles Linnaeus, 1758". Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, Part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation. pp. 1232–1282. ISBN 90-04-08876-8.
Heptner & Sludskii 2001, pp. 1234–1237 Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2001). "Badger Meles meles Linnaeus, 1758". Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, Part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation. pp. 1232–1282. ISBN 90-04-08876-8.
Pease 1898, p. 24 Pease, A. E. (1898). The badger; a monograph. London: Lawrence and Bullen.
Heptner & Sludskii 2001, pp. 1241–1242 Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2001). "Badger Meles meles Linnaeus, 1758". Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, Part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation. pp. 1232–1282. ISBN 90-04-08876-8.
Heptner & Sludskii 2001, p. 1272 Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2001). "Badger Meles meles Linnaeus, 1758". Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, Part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation. pp. 1232–1282. ISBN 90-04-08876-8.
Heptner & Sludskii 2001, p. 1238 Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2001). "Badger Meles meles Linnaeus, 1758". Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, Part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation. pp. 1232–1282. ISBN 90-04-08876-8.
Heptner & Sludskii 2001, p. 1214 Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2001). "Badger Meles meles Linnaeus, 1758". Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, Part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation. pp. 1232–1282. ISBN 90-04-08876-8.
Pease 1898, p. 29 Pease, A. E. (1898). The badger; a monograph. London: Lawrence and Bullen.
Pease 1898, p. 35 Pease, A. E. (1898). The badger; a monograph. London: Lawrence and Bullen.
Heptner & Sludskii 2001, pp. 1269–1272 Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2001). "Badger Meles meles Linnaeus, 1758". Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, Part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation. pp. 1232–1282. ISBN 90-04-08876-8.
Heptner & Sludskii 2001, pp. 1279–1281 Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2001). "Badger Meles meles Linnaeus, 1758". Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, Part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation. pp. 1232–1282. ISBN 90-04-08876-8.
Pease 1898, p. 45 Pease, A. E. (1898). The badger; a monograph. London: Lawrence and Bullen.
Heptner & Sludskii 2001, pp. 1278–1279 Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2001). "Badger Meles meles Linnaeus, 1758". Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, Part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation. pp. 1232–1282. ISBN 90-04-08876-8.
Heptner & Sludskii 2001, pp. 1272–1233 Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2001). "Badger Meles meles Linnaeus, 1758". Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, Part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation. pp. 1232–1282. ISBN 90-04-08876-8.
Heptner & Sludskii 2001, pp. 1265–1268 Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2001). "Badger Meles meles Linnaeus, 1758". Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, Part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation. pp. 1232–1282. ISBN 90-04-08876-8.
Pease 1898, p. 62 Pease, A. E. (1898). The badger; a monograph. London: Lawrence and Bullen.
Dale, Thomas Francis, The fox, Longmans, Green, and Co., 1906
Heptner, V. G. ; Naumov, N. P., Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol.II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears), p. 107, Science Publishers, Inc. USA. 1998, ISBN 1-886106-81-9
Heptner & Sludskii 2001, pp. 1281–1282 Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2001). "Badger Meles meles Linnaeus, 1758". Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, Part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation. pp. 1232–1282. ISBN 90-04-08876-8.
Pease 1898, p. 36 Pease, A. E. (1898). The badger; a monograph. London: Lawrence and Bullen.
Pease 1898, pp. 58–61 Pease, A. E. (1898). The badger; a monograph. London: Lawrence and Bullen.

badger.org.uk

The European badger (Meles meles) Archived 2012-09-01 at the Wayback Machine. badger.org.uk

bbc.co.uk

Pallab Ghosh (11 October 2019). "Badger culls have varying impacts on cattle TB". BBC News. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
"Comedy: Bodger and Badger". BBC. Retrieved 2013-06-20.
"Badger cull begins in Somerset in attempt to tackle TB". BBC. 2013. Retrieved August 30, 2013.

news.bbc.co.uk

"Sporran wearers may need licence". BBC News. 2007-06-24. Retrieved 2013-07-11.

books.google.com

Kurtén 1968, pp. 103–105 Kurtén, B. (1968). "The Badger Meles meles Linné". Pleistocene mammals of Europe (Reprint 2017 ed.). London and New York: Routledge. pp. 104–105. ISBN 9781351499484.
Griffiths, H.I.; Thomas, D.H. (1997). The Conservation and Management of the European Badger (Meles Meles). Strasbourg: Council of Europe. p. 53. ISBN 978-9-28-713447-9.

bovinetb.info

Gallagher, J.; Clifton-Hadley, R. S. (2000). "Tuberculosis in badgers; a review of the disease and its significance for other animals" (PDF). Research in Veterinary Science. 69 (3): 203–217. doi:10.1053/rvsc.2000.0422. PMID 11124091.

britishwildlifecentre.co.uk

"Badger: Meles meles". British Wildlife Centre. 2012. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2013-07-07.

bucknell.edu

departments.bucknell.edu

Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Species Meles meles". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 611–612. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

doi.org

Kranz, A.; Abramov, A.V.; Herrero, J. & Maran, T. (2016). "Meles meles". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29673A45203002. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29673A45203002.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
Kilshaw K, Newman C, Buesching CD, Bunyan J, Macdonald DW (2009). "Coordinated latrine use by European badgers, Meles meles: Potential consequences for territory defense". Journal of Mammalogy. 90 (5): 1188–1198. doi:10.1644/08-MAMM-A-200.1. JSTOR 27755113. S2CID 86435009.
Downs SH, Prosser A, Ashton A, Ashfield S, Brunton LA, Brouwer A, Upton P, Robertson A, Donnelly CA, Parry JE (October 2019). "Assessing effects from four years of industry-led badger culling in England on the incidence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle, 2013–2017". Scientific Reports. 9 (14666): 14666. Bibcode:2019NatSR...914666D. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49957-6. PMC 6789095. PMID 31604960.
Baryshnikov, G. F.; Puzachenko, A. Y.; Abramov, A. V. (2003). "New analysis of variability of check teeth in Eurasian badgers (Carnivora, Mustelidae, Meles)" (PDF). Russian Journal of Theriology. 1 (2): 133–149. doi:10.15298/rusjtheriol.01.2.07.
Kowalczyk, R.; Jȩdrzejewska, B.; Zalewski, A. (2003). "Annual and circadian activity patterns of badgers (Meles meles) in Białowieża Primeval Forest (eastern Poland) compared with other Palaearctic populations" (PDF). Journal of Biogeography. 30 (3): 463–472. Bibcode:2003JBiog..30..463K. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00804.x. S2CID 56433126.^{[dead link‍]}
Delahay, R. J.; Carter, S. P.; Forrester, G. J.; Mitchell, A.; Cheeseman, C. L. (2006). "Habitat correlates of group size, bodyweight and reproductive performance in a high-density Eurasian badger (Meles meles) population". Journal of Zoology. 270 (3): 437–447. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00165.x.
Rodriguez, A.; Martin, R.; Delibes, M. (1996). "Space use and activity in a Mediterranean population of badgers Meles meles". Acta Theriologica. 41 (1): 59–72. doi:10.4098/AT.arch.96-5. hdl:10261/50772.
Revilla, E.; Palomares, F.; Delibes, M. (2001). "Edge-core effects and the effectiveness of traditional reserves in conservation: Eurasian badgers in Doñana National Park". Conservation Biology. 15 (1): 148–158. Bibcode:2001ConBi..15..148R. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2001.99431.x. S2CID 86810777.
Abramov, A. V.; Puzachenko, A. Yu. (2013). "The taxonomic status of badgers (Mammalia, Mustelidae) from Southwest Asia based on cranial morphometrics, with the redescription of Meles canescens". Zootaxa. 3681 (1): 44–58. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3681.1.2. PMID 25232583.
Schmid, T. K.; Roper, T. J.; Christian, S. E.; Ostler, J.; Conradt, L. & Butler, J. (1993). "Territorial marking with faeces in badgers (Meles meles): a comparison of boundary and hinterland latrine use". Behaviour. 127 (3–4): 289–307. doi:10.1163/156853993X00074. S2CID 22043004.
Gallagher, J. & Clifton-Hadley, R. S. (2005). "Tuberculosis in badgers; a review of the disease and its significance for other animals". Research in Veterinary Science. 69 (3): 203–217. doi:10.1053/rvsc.2000.0422. PMID 11124091. S2CID 12245569.
Naves, J.; Fernández-Gil, A.; Rodríguez, C.; Delibes, M. (2006). "Brown Bear Food Habits at the Border of Its Range: A Long-Term Study". Journal of Mammalogy. 87 (5): 899. doi:10.1644/05-MAMM-A-318R2.1. hdl:10261/50290.
Gallagher, J.; Clifton-Hadley, R. S. (2000). "Tuberculosis in badgers; a review of the disease and its significance for other animals" (PDF). Research in Veterinary Science. 69 (3): 203–217. doi:10.1053/rvsc.2000.0422. PMID 11124091.
Stewart, Paul D.; Macdonald, David W. (2003). "Badgers and Badger Fleas: Strategies and Counter-Strategies". Ethology. 109 (9): 751–763. Bibcode:2003Ethol.109..751S. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0310.2003.00910.x.

farminguk.com

"Badger cull poll: Nine out of ten want culling to end". Farming UK. 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2020.

geiriadur.net

"Badger". Geiriadur: Welsh-English / English-Welsh On-line Dictionary. University of Wales: Trinity Saint David. Retrieved 2013-10-05.

google.com

Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Species Meles meles". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 611–612. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Rodriguez, A.; Martin, R.; Delibes, M. (1996). "Space use and activity in a Mediterranean population of badgers Meles meles". Acta Theriologica. 41 (1): 59–72. doi:10.4098/AT.arch.96-5. hdl:10261/50772.
Naves, J.; Fernández-Gil, A.; Rodríguez, C.; Delibes, M. (2006). "Brown Bear Food Habits at the Border of Its Range: A Long-Term Study". Journal of Mammalogy. 87 (5): 899. doi:10.1644/05-MAMM-A-318R2.1. hdl:10261/50290.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Downs SH, Prosser A, Ashton A, Ashfield S, Brunton LA, Brouwer A, Upton P, Robertson A, Donnelly CA, Parry JE (October 2019). "Assessing effects from four years of industry-led badger culling in England on the incidence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle, 2013–2017". Scientific Reports. 9 (14666): 14666. Bibcode:2019NatSR...914666D. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49957-6. PMC 6789095. PMID 31604960.
Kowalczyk, R.; Jȩdrzejewska, B.; Zalewski, A. (2003). "Annual and circadian activity patterns of badgers (Meles meles) in Białowieża Primeval Forest (eastern Poland) compared with other Palaearctic populations" (PDF). Journal of Biogeography. 30 (3): 463–472. Bibcode:2003JBiog..30..463K. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00804.x. S2CID 56433126.^{[dead link‍]}
Revilla, E.; Palomares, F.; Delibes, M. (2001). "Edge-core effects and the effectiveness of traditional reserves in conservation: Eurasian badgers in Doñana National Park". Conservation Biology. 15 (1): 148–158. Bibcode:2001ConBi..15..148R. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2001.99431.x. S2CID 86810777.
Stewart, Paul D.; Macdonald, David W. (2003). "Badgers and Badger Fleas: Strategies and Counter-Strategies". Ethology. 109 (9): 751–763. Bibcode:2003Ethol.109..751S. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0310.2003.00910.x.

independent.co.uk

James Tapsfield (28 February 2014). "Badger culls were 'cruel' and 'ineffective', says independent panel". The Independent. Retrieved 21 November 2020.

iucnredlist.org

Kranz, A.; Abramov, A.V.; Herrero, J. & Maran, T. (2016). "Meles meles". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29673A45203002. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29673A45203002.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.

jstor.org

Kilshaw K, Newman C, Buesching CD, Bunyan J, Macdonald DW (2009). "Coordinated latrine use by European badgers, Meles meles: Potential consequences for territory defense". Journal of Mammalogy. 90 (5): 1188–1198. doi:10.1644/08-MAMM-A-200.1. JSTOR 27755113. S2CID 86435009.

legislation.gov.uk

UK Government. "Protection of Badgers Act 1992". Retrieved October 7, 2015.

mammaldiversity.org

"Explore the Database". www.mammaldiversity.org. Retrieved 2021-06-25.

minambiente.it

Spagnesi & De Marina Marinis 2002, pp. 226–227 Spagnesi, M.; De Marina Marinis, M. (2002). "Mammiferi d'Italia" (PDF). Quaderni di Conservazione della Natura (in Italian). ISSN 1592-2901.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Downs SH, Prosser A, Ashton A, Ashfield S, Brunton LA, Brouwer A, Upton P, Robertson A, Donnelly CA, Parry JE (October 2019). "Assessing effects from four years of industry-led badger culling in England on the incidence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle, 2013–2017". Scientific Reports. 9 (14666): 14666. Bibcode:2019NatSR...914666D. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49957-6. PMC 6789095. PMID 31604960.
Abramov, A. V.; Puzachenko, A. Yu. (2013). "The taxonomic status of badgers (Mammalia, Mustelidae) from Southwest Asia based on cranial morphometrics, with the redescription of Meles canescens". Zootaxa. 3681 (1): 44–58. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3681.1.2. PMID 25232583.
Gallagher, J. & Clifton-Hadley, R. S. (2005). "Tuberculosis in badgers; a review of the disease and its significance for other animals". Research in Veterinary Science. 69 (3): 203–217. doi:10.1053/rvsc.2000.0422. PMID 11124091. S2CID 12245569.
Gallagher, J.; Clifton-Hadley, R. S. (2000). "Tuberculosis in badgers; a review of the disease and its significance for other animals" (PDF). Research in Veterinary Science. 69 (3): 203–217. doi:10.1053/rvsc.2000.0422. PMID 11124091.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Downs SH, Prosser A, Ashton A, Ashfield S, Brunton LA, Brouwer A, Upton P, Robertson A, Donnelly CA, Parry JE (October 2019). "Assessing effects from four years of industry-led badger culling in England on the incidence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle, 2013–2017". Scientific Reports. 9 (14666): 14666. Bibcode:2019NatSR...914666D. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49957-6. PMC 6789095. PMID 31604960.

nurmijarvi.fi

Vaakunat ja tunnukset – Nurmijärvi (in Finnish)

oed.com

dictionary.oed.com

Weiner, E. S. C.; Simpson, J. R. (1989). The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-861186-2. Retrieved 30 August 2008.

opsi.gov.uk

"Protection of Animals Act 1911 (revised)". OPSI website. Archived from the original on 2009-05-01. Retrieved 2009-06-16.
"Protection of Badgers Act 1992". OPSI website. Archived from the original on 2009-08-14. Retrieved 2009-06-16.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Kilshaw K, Newman C, Buesching CD, Bunyan J, Macdonald DW (2009). "Coordinated latrine use by European badgers, Meles meles: Potential consequences for territory defense". Journal of Mammalogy. 90 (5): 1188–1198. doi:10.1644/08-MAMM-A-200.1. JSTOR 27755113. S2CID 86435009.
Kowalczyk, R.; Jȩdrzejewska, B.; Zalewski, A. (2003). "Annual and circadian activity patterns of badgers (Meles meles) in Białowieża Primeval Forest (eastern Poland) compared with other Palaearctic populations" (PDF). Journal of Biogeography. 30 (3): 463–472. Bibcode:2003JBiog..30..463K. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00804.x. S2CID 56433126.^{[dead link‍]}
Revilla, E.; Palomares, F.; Delibes, M. (2001). "Edge-core effects and the effectiveness of traditional reserves in conservation: Eurasian badgers in Doñana National Park". Conservation Biology. 15 (1): 148–158. Bibcode:2001ConBi..15..148R. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2001.99431.x. S2CID 86810777.
Schmid, T. K.; Roper, T. J.; Christian, S. E.; Ostler, J.; Conradt, L. & Butler, J. (1993). "Territorial marking with faeces in badgers (Meles meles): a comparison of boundary and hinterland latrine use". Behaviour. 127 (3–4): 289–307. doi:10.1163/156853993X00074. S2CID 22043004.
Gallagher, J. & Clifton-Hadley, R. S. (2005). "Tuberculosis in badgers; a review of the disease and its significance for other animals". Research in Veterinary Science. 69 (3): 203–217. doi:10.1053/rvsc.2000.0422. PMID 11124091. S2CID 12245569.

snh.org.uk

"Scotland's Wildlife: Badgers and Development" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-06-19.

theguardian.com

Carrington, D. (2011-12-11). "Badger culling will go ahead in 2012". The Guardian. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
Carrington, D. (2012). "Badger cull postponed until 2013". The Guardian. Retrieved August 30, 2013.

thetimes.co.uk

Moody, Oliver (2013-04-27). "Badger cull is necessary to stop them suffering, say vets". The Times: Wildlife. Retrieved 2013-08-30.

web.archive.org

"Scotland's Wildlife: Badgers and Development" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-06-19.
"Badger: Meles meles". British Wildlife Centre. 2012. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2013-07-07.
"Protection of Animals Act 1911 (revised)". OPSI website. Archived from the original on 2009-05-01. Retrieved 2009-06-16.
"Protection of Badgers Act 1992". OPSI website. Archived from the original on 2009-08-14. Retrieved 2009-06-16.
The European badger (Meles meles) Archived 2012-09-01 at the Wayback Machine. badger.org.uk

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

EB (1878). Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "Badger" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 3 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 227
EB (1911). Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Badger" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 3 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 188

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Spagnesi & De Marina Marinis 2002, pp. 226–227 Spagnesi, M.; De Marina Marinis, M. (2002). "Mammiferi d'Italia" (PDF). Quaderni di Conservazione della Natura (in Italian). ISSN 1592-2901.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Species Meles meles". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 611–612. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

zin.ru

Baryshnikov, G. F.; Puzachenko, A. Y.; Abramov, A. V. (2003). "New analysis of variability of check teeth in Eurasian badgers (Carnivora, Mustelidae, Meles)" (PDF). Russian Journal of Theriology. 1 (2): 133–149. doi:10.15298/rusjtheriol.01.2.07.