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C.Michael Hogan, (2011) Sea of the HebridesArchived May 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Eds. P. Saundry & C.J.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC.
"Sprat: Sprattus sprattus". Fishes of the NE Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Marine Species Identification Portal. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
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C.Michael Hogan, (2011) Sea of the HebridesArchived May 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Eds. P. Saundry & C.J.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC.