Europium (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Europium" in English language version.

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archive.org

Weeks, Mary Elvira (1956). The discovery of the elements (6th ed.). Easton, PA: Journal of Chemical Education.
Wenzel, Thomas J (2007). Discrimination of chiral compounds using NMR spectroscopy. John Wiley & Sons. p. 339. ISBN 978-0-471-76352-9.

arxiv.org

Xing, Qian-Fan; Zhao, Gang; Aoki, Wako; Honda, Satoshi; Li, Hai-Ning; Ishigaki, Miho N.; Matsuno, Tadafumi (29 April 2019). "Evidence for the accretion origin of halo stars with an extreme r-process enhancement". Nature. 3 (7): 631–635. arXiv:1905.04141. Bibcode:2019NatAs...3..631X. doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0764-5. S2CID 150373875.

bnf.fr

gallica.bnf.fr

Demarçay, Eugène-Anatole (1901). "Sur un nouvel élément l'europium". Comptes rendus. 132: 1484–1486.

books.google.com

Sinha, Shyama P.; Scientific Affairs Division, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1983). "The Europium anomaly". Systematics and the properties of the lanthanides. Springer. pp. 550–553. ISBN 978-90-277-1613-2.
Neikov, Oleg D.; Naboychenko, Stanislav; Gopienko, Victor G.; Frishberg, Irina V. (2009-01-15). Handbook of Non-Ferrous Metal Powders: Technologies and Applications. Elsevier. p. 505. ISBN 978-1-85617-422-0.
Caro, Paul (1998-06-01). "Rare earths in luminescence". Rare earths. Editorial Complutense. pp. 323–325. ISBN 978-84-89784-33-8.
Bamfield, Peter (2001). "Inorganic Phosphors". Chromic phenomena: technological applications of colour chemistry. Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 159–171. ISBN 978-0-85404-474-0.
Lakshmanan, Arunachalam (2008). "Persistent Afterglow Phosphors". Luminescence and Display Phosphors: Phenomena and Applications. Nova Publishers. ISBN 978-1-60456-018-3.
Cotton, Simon (2006). "Euro banknotes". Lanthanide and actinide chemistry. Wiley. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-470-01006-8.

ciaaw.org

"Standard Atomic Weights: Europium". CIAAW. 1995.

degruyter.com

Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

doi.org

Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
Ugale, Akhilesh; Kalyani, Thejo N.; Dhoble, Sanjay J. (2018). "Potential of europium and samarium β -diketonates as red light emitters in organic light-emitting diodes". Lanthanide-Based Multifunctional Materials. pp. 59–97. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-813840-3.00002-8. ISBN 978-0-12-813840-3.
Cooley, Robert A.; Yost, Don M.; Stone, Hosmer W. (1946). "Europium(II) Salts". Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 2. pp. 69–73. doi:10.1002/9780470132333.ch19. ISBN 978-0-470-13233-3.
McGill, Ian. "Rare Earth Elements". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Vol. 31. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. p. 199. doi:10.1002/14356007.a22_607. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2..
Belli, P.; et al. (2007). "Search for α decay of natural europium". Nuclear Physics A. 789 (1): 15–29. Bibcode:2007NuPhA.789...15B. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.03.001.
Kiss, G. G.; Vitéz-Sveiczer, A.; Saito, Y.; et al. (2022). "Measuring the β-decay properties of neutron-rich exotic Pm, Sm, Eu, and Gd isotopes to constrain the nucleosynthesis yields in the rare-earth region". The Astrophysical Journal. 936 (107): 107. Bibcode:2022ApJ...936..107K. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac80fc. hdl:2117/375253. S2CID 252108123.
Aarkrog, A.; Lippert, J. (28 July 1967). "Europium-155 in Debris from Nuclear Weapons". Science. 157 (3787): 425–427. Bibcode:1967Sci...157..425A. doi:10.1126/science.157.3787.425. PMID 6028023.
Bünzli, Jean-Claude G. (2013). "Lanthanides". Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. pp. 1–43. doi:10.1002/0471238961.1201142019010215.a01.pub3. ISBN 978-0-471-48494-3.
Bill, H.; Calas, G. (1978). "Color centers, associated rare-earth ions and the origin of coloration in natural fluorites". Physics and Chemistry of Minerals. 3 (2): 117–131. Bibcode:1978PCM.....3..117B. doi:10.1007/BF00308116. S2CID 93952343.
Valeur, Bernard; Berberan-Santos, Mário N. (June 2011). "A Brief History of Fluorescence and Phosphorescence before the Emergence of Quantum Theory". Journal of Chemical Education. 88 (6): 731–738. Bibcode:2011JChEd..88..731V. doi:10.1021/ed100182h.
Mariano, A.N; King, P.J (May 1975). "Europium-activated cathodoluminescence in minerals". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 39 (5): 649–660. Bibcode:1975GeCoA..39..649M. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(75)90008-3.
Przibram, K. (January 1935). "Fluorescence of Fluorite and the Bivalent Europium Ion". Nature. 135 (3403): 100. Bibcode:1935Natur.135..100P. doi:10.1038/135100a0.
Xing, Qian-Fan; Zhao, Gang; Aoki, Wako; Honda, Satoshi; Li, Hai-Ning; Ishigaki, Miho N.; Matsuno, Tadafumi (29 April 2019). "Evidence for the accretion origin of halo stars with an extreme r-process enhancement". Nature. 3 (7): 631–635. arXiv:1905.04141. Bibcode:2019NatAs...3..631X. doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0764-5. S2CID 150373875.
Gupta, C. K.; Krishnamurthy, N. (1992). "Extractive metallurgy of rare earths". International Materials Reviews. 37 (1): 197–248. Bibcode:1992IMRv...37..197G. doi:10.1179/imr.1992.37.1.197.
Morais, C.; Ciminelli, V. S. T. (2001). "Recovery of europium by chemical reduction of a commercial solution of europium and gadolinium chlorides". Hydrometallurgy. 60 (3): 247–253. Bibcode:2001HydMe..60..247M. doi:10.1016/S0304-386X(01)00156-6.
McCoy, Herbert N. (1936). "Contribution to the chemistry of europium". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 58 (9): 1577–1580. doi:10.1021/ja01300a020.
Lawrence J. Drew; Meng Qingrun & Sun Weijun (1990). "The Bayan Obo iron-rare-earth-niobium deposits, Inner Mongolia, China". Lithos. 26 (1–2): 43–65. Bibcode:1990Litho..26...43D. doi:10.1016/0024-4937(90)90040-8.
Xue-Ming Yang; Michael J. Le Bas (2004). "Chemical compositions of carbonate minerals from Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China: implications for petrogenesis". Lithos. 72 (1–2): 97–116. Bibcode:2004Litho..72...97Y. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2003.09.002.
Chengyu Wu (2007). "Bayan Obo Controversy: Carbonatites versus Iron Oxide-Cu-Au-(REE-U)". Resource Geology. 58 (4): 348–354. doi:10.1111/j.1751-3928.2008.00069.x. S2CID 130453872.
Hedrick, J.; Sinha, S.; Kosynkin, V. (1997). "Loparite, a rare-earth ore (Ce, Na, Sr, Ca)(Ti, Nb, Ta, Fe+3)O3". Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 250 (1–2): 467–470. Bibcode:1997JAllC.250..467H. doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(96)02824-1.
Howell, J.K.; Pytlewski, L.L. (August 1969). "Synthesis of divalent europium and ytterbium halides in liquid ammonia". Journal of the Less Common Metals. 18 (4): 437–439. doi:10.1016/0022-5088(69)90017-4.
Archer, R. D.; Mitchell, W. N.; Mazelsky, R. (1967). "Europium (II) Sulfide". Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 10. pp. 77–79. doi:10.1002/9780470132418.ch15. ISBN 978-0-470-13241-8.
Crookes, W. (1905). "On the Phosphorescent Spectra of S δ and Europium". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 76 (511): 411–414. Bibcode:1905RSPSA..76..411C. doi:10.1098/rspa.1905.0043. JSTOR 92772.
Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements. XVI. The rare earth elements". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (10): 1751. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1751W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1751.
Srivastava, A. M.; Ronda, C. R. (2003). "Phosphors" (PDF). The Electrochemical Society Interface. 12 (2): 48–51. doi:10.1149/2.F11032IF.
Spedding, Frank H. (1949). "Large-scale separation of rare-earth salts and the preparation of the pure metals". Discussions of the Faraday Society. 7: 214. doi:10.1039/DF9490700214.
Corbett, John D. (1986). "Frank Harold Spedding". Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences. 80 (5): 106–107. Bibcode:1986PhT....39e.106H. doi:10.1063/1.2815016.
Jansen, T.; Jüstel, T.; Kirm, M.; Mägi, H.; Nagirnyi, V.; Tõldsepp, E.; Vielhauer, S.; Khaidukov, N.M.; Makhov, V.N. (2017). "Site selective, time and temperature dependent spectroscopy of Eu 3+ doped apatites (Mg,Ca,Sr) 2 Y 8 Si 6 O 26". Journal of Luminescence. 186: 205–211. Bibcode:2017JLum..186..205J. doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2017.02.004.
Blasse, G.; Grabmaier, B. C. (1994). Luminescent Materials. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-79017-1. ISBN 978-3-540-58019-5.
Jansen, Thomas; Böhnisch, David; Jüstel, Thomas (2016-01-01). "On the Photoluminescence Linearity of Eu2+ Based LED Phosphors upon High Excitation Density". ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology. 5 (6): R91 – R97. doi:10.1149/2.0101606jss. ISSN 2162-8769. S2CID 99095492.
Hagan, A. K.; Zuchner, T. (July 2011). "Lanthanide-based time-resolved luminescence immunoassays". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 400 (9): 2847–2864. doi:10.1007/s00216-011-5047-7. PMC 3102841. PMID 21556751.
Haley, Thomas J.; Komesu, N.; Colvin, G.; Koste, L.; Upham, H. C. (1965). "Pharmacology and toxicology of europium chloride". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 54 (4): 643–5. doi:10.1002/jps.2600540435. PMID 5842357.
Bruce, D.; Hietbrink, Bernard E.; Dubois, Kenneth P. (1963). "The acute mammalian toxicity of rare earth nitrates and oxides". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 5 (6): 750–9. Bibcode:1963ToxAP...5..750B. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(63)90067-X. PMID 14082480. DTIC AD0419188.

dtic.mil

apps.dtic.mil

Bruce, D.; Hietbrink, Bernard E.; Dubois, Kenneth P. (1963). "The acute mammalian toxicity of rare earth nitrates and oxides". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 5 (6): 750–9. Bibcode:1963ToxAP...5..750B. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(63)90067-X. PMID 14082480. DTIC AD0419188.

electrochem.org

Srivastava, A. M.; Ronda, C. R. (2003). "Phosphors" (PDF). The Electrochemical Society Interface. 12 (2): 48–51. doi:10.1149/2.F11032IF.

elementsales.com

Hamric, David (November 2007). "Rare-Earth Metal Long Term Air Exposure Test". elementsales.com. Retrieved 2009-08-08.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Kiss, G. G.; Vitéz-Sveiczer, A.; Saito, Y.; et al. (2022). "Measuring the β-decay properties of neutron-rich exotic Pm, Sm, Eu, and Gd isotopes to constrain the nucleosynthesis yields in the rare-earth region". The Astrophysical Journal. 936 (107): 107. Bibcode:2022ApJ...936..107K. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac80fc. hdl:2117/375253. S2CID 252108123.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Belli, P.; et al. (2007). "Search for α decay of natural europium". Nuclear Physics A. 789 (1): 15–29. Bibcode:2007NuPhA.789...15B. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.03.001.
Kiss, G. G.; Vitéz-Sveiczer, A.; Saito, Y.; et al. (2022). "Measuring the β-decay properties of neutron-rich exotic Pm, Sm, Eu, and Gd isotopes to constrain the nucleosynthesis yields in the rare-earth region". The Astrophysical Journal. 936 (107): 107. Bibcode:2022ApJ...936..107K. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac80fc. hdl:2117/375253. S2CID 252108123.
Aarkrog, A.; Lippert, J. (28 July 1967). "Europium-155 in Debris from Nuclear Weapons". Science. 157 (3787): 425–427. Bibcode:1967Sci...157..425A. doi:10.1126/science.157.3787.425. PMID 6028023.
Bill, H.; Calas, G. (1978). "Color centers, associated rare-earth ions and the origin of coloration in natural fluorites". Physics and Chemistry of Minerals. 3 (2): 117–131. Bibcode:1978PCM.....3..117B. doi:10.1007/BF00308116. S2CID 93952343.
Valeur, Bernard; Berberan-Santos, Mário N. (June 2011). "A Brief History of Fluorescence and Phosphorescence before the Emergence of Quantum Theory". Journal of Chemical Education. 88 (6): 731–738. Bibcode:2011JChEd..88..731V. doi:10.1021/ed100182h.
Mariano, A.N; King, P.J (May 1975). "Europium-activated cathodoluminescence in minerals". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 39 (5): 649–660. Bibcode:1975GeCoA..39..649M. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(75)90008-3.
Przibram, K. (January 1935). "Fluorescence of Fluorite and the Bivalent Europium Ion". Nature. 135 (3403): 100. Bibcode:1935Natur.135..100P. doi:10.1038/135100a0.
Xing, Qian-Fan; Zhao, Gang; Aoki, Wako; Honda, Satoshi; Li, Hai-Ning; Ishigaki, Miho N.; Matsuno, Tadafumi (29 April 2019). "Evidence for the accretion origin of halo stars with an extreme r-process enhancement". Nature. 3 (7): 631–635. arXiv:1905.04141. Bibcode:2019NatAs...3..631X. doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0764-5. S2CID 150373875.
Gupta, C. K.; Krishnamurthy, N. (1992). "Extractive metallurgy of rare earths". International Materials Reviews. 37 (1): 197–248. Bibcode:1992IMRv...37..197G. doi:10.1179/imr.1992.37.1.197.
Morais, C.; Ciminelli, V. S. T. (2001). "Recovery of europium by chemical reduction of a commercial solution of europium and gadolinium chlorides". Hydrometallurgy. 60 (3): 247–253. Bibcode:2001HydMe..60..247M. doi:10.1016/S0304-386X(01)00156-6.
Lawrence J. Drew; Meng Qingrun & Sun Weijun (1990). "The Bayan Obo iron-rare-earth-niobium deposits, Inner Mongolia, China". Lithos. 26 (1–2): 43–65. Bibcode:1990Litho..26...43D. doi:10.1016/0024-4937(90)90040-8.
Xue-Ming Yang; Michael J. Le Bas (2004). "Chemical compositions of carbonate minerals from Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China: implications for petrogenesis". Lithos. 72 (1–2): 97–116. Bibcode:2004Litho..72...97Y. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2003.09.002.
Hedrick, J.; Sinha, S.; Kosynkin, V. (1997). "Loparite, a rare-earth ore (Ce, Na, Sr, Ca)(Ti, Nb, Ta, Fe+3)O3". Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 250 (1–2): 467–470. Bibcode:1997JAllC.250..467H. doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(96)02824-1.
Crookes, W. (1905). "On the Phosphorescent Spectra of S δ and Europium". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 76 (511): 411–414. Bibcode:1905RSPSA..76..411C. doi:10.1098/rspa.1905.0043. JSTOR 92772.
Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements. XVI. The rare earth elements". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (10): 1751. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1751W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1751.
Corbett, John D. (1986). "Frank Harold Spedding". Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences. 80 (5): 106–107. Bibcode:1986PhT....39e.106H. doi:10.1063/1.2815016.
Jansen, T.; Jüstel, T.; Kirm, M.; Mägi, H.; Nagirnyi, V.; Tõldsepp, E.; Vielhauer, S.; Khaidukov, N.M.; Makhov, V.N. (2017). "Site selective, time and temperature dependent spectroscopy of Eu 3+ doped apatites (Mg,Ca,Sr) 2 Y 8 Si 6 O 26". Journal of Luminescence. 186: 205–211. Bibcode:2017JLum..186..205J. doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2017.02.004.
Bruce, D.; Hietbrink, Bernard E.; Dubois, Kenneth P. (1963). "The acute mammalian toxicity of rare earth nitrates and oxides". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 5 (6): 750–9. Bibcode:1963ToxAP...5..750B. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(63)90067-X. PMID 14082480. DTIC AD0419188.

iaea.org

www-nds.iaea.org

Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

jaea.go.jp

wwwndc.jaea.go.jp

Tables of Nuclear Data, Japan Atomic Energy Agency Archived June 10, 2015, at the Wayback Machine

jstor.org

Crookes, W. (1905). "On the Phosphorescent Spectra of S δ and Europium". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 76 (511): 411–414. Bibcode:1905RSPSA..76..411C. doi:10.1098/rspa.1905.0043. JSTOR 92772.

lenntech.com

Lenntech BV. "Europium (Eu) – Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects". Lenntech Periodic Table. Lenntech BV. Retrieved July 20, 2011.

minsocam.org

Allen, Robert D. (1952). "Variations in chemical and physical properties of fluorite" (PDF). Am. Mineral. 37: 910–30.

nap.edu

Corbett, John D. (1986). "Frank Harold Spedding". Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences. 80 (5): 106–107. Bibcode:1986PhT....39e.106H. doi:10.1063/1.2815016.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Aarkrog, A.; Lippert, J. (28 July 1967). "Europium-155 in Debris from Nuclear Weapons". Science. 157 (3787): 425–427. Bibcode:1967Sci...157..425A. doi:10.1126/science.157.3787.425. PMID 6028023.
Hagan, A. K.; Zuchner, T. (July 2011). "Lanthanide-based time-resolved luminescence immunoassays". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 400 (9): 2847–2864. doi:10.1007/s00216-011-5047-7. PMC 3102841. PMID 21556751.
Haley, Thomas J.; Komesu, N.; Colvin, G.; Koste, L.; Upham, H. C. (1965). "Pharmacology and toxicology of europium chloride". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 54 (4): 643–5. doi:10.1002/jps.2600540435. PMID 5842357.
Bruce, D.; Hietbrink, Bernard E.; Dubois, Kenneth P. (1963). "The acute mammalian toxicity of rare earth nitrates and oxides". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 5 (6): 750–9. Bibcode:1963ToxAP...5..750B. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(63)90067-X. PMID 14082480. DTIC AD0419188.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hagan, A. K.; Zuchner, T. (July 2011). "Lanthanide-based time-resolved luminescence immunoassays". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 400 (9): 2847–2864. doi:10.1007/s00216-011-5047-7. PMC 3102841. PMID 21556751.

nucleonica.net

Nucleonica (2007–2011). "Nucleonica: Universal Nuclide Chart". Nucleonica. Retrieved July 22, 2011.

rsc.org

"Periodic Table: Europium". Royal Society of Chemistry.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Kiss, G. G.; Vitéz-Sveiczer, A.; Saito, Y.; et al. (2022). "Measuring the β-decay properties of neutron-rich exotic Pm, Sm, Eu, and Gd isotopes to constrain the nucleosynthesis yields in the rare-earth region". The Astrophysical Journal. 936 (107): 107. Bibcode:2022ApJ...936..107K. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac80fc. hdl:2117/375253. S2CID 252108123.
Bill, H.; Calas, G. (1978). "Color centers, associated rare-earth ions and the origin of coloration in natural fluorites". Physics and Chemistry of Minerals. 3 (2): 117–131. Bibcode:1978PCM.....3..117B. doi:10.1007/BF00308116. S2CID 93952343.
Xing, Qian-Fan; Zhao, Gang; Aoki, Wako; Honda, Satoshi; Li, Hai-Ning; Ishigaki, Miho N.; Matsuno, Tadafumi (29 April 2019). "Evidence for the accretion origin of halo stars with an extreme r-process enhancement". Nature. 3 (7): 631–635. arXiv:1905.04141. Bibcode:2019NatAs...3..631X. doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0764-5. S2CID 150373875.
Chengyu Wu (2007). "Bayan Obo Controversy: Carbonatites versus Iron Oxide-Cu-Au-(REE-U)". Resource Geology. 58 (4): 348–354. doi:10.1111/j.1751-3928.2008.00069.x. S2CID 130453872.
Jansen, Thomas; Böhnisch, David; Jüstel, Thomas (2016-01-01). "On the Photoluminescence Linearity of Eu2+ Based LED Phosphors upon High Excitation Density". ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology. 5 (6): R91 – R97. doi:10.1149/2.0101606jss. ISSN 2162-8769. S2CID 99095492.

sigmaaldrich.com

"Europium 261092". Sigma-Aldrich.

smarterscience.com

"Europium and the Euro". Archived from the original on 2009-08-04. Retrieved 2009-06-06.

umd.edu

vector.umd.edu

Gupta, C. K.; Krishnamurthy, N. (2005). "Ch. 1.7.10 Phosphors" (PDF). Extractive metallurgy of rare earths. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-415-33340-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 June 2012.

unt.edu

chem.unt.edu

Marshall, James L.; Marshall, Virginia R. (2003). "Rediscovery of the Elements: Europium-Eugene Demarçay" (PDF). The Hexagon (Summer): 19–21. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
Marshall, James L. Marshall; Marshall, Virginia R. Marshall (2015). "Rediscovery of the elements: The Rare Earths–The Confusing Years" (PDF). The Hexagon: 72–77. Retrieved 30 December 2019.

web.archive.org

Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
Tables of Nuclear Data, Japan Atomic Energy Agency Archived June 10, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
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Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
Jansen, Thomas; Böhnisch, David; Jüstel, Thomas (2016-01-01). "On the Photoluminescence Linearity of Eu2+ Based LED Phosphors upon High Excitation Density". ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology. 5 (6): R91 – R97. doi:10.1149/2.0101606jss. ISSN 2162-8769. S2CID 99095492.