Europium (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Europium" in English language version.

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Weeks, Mary Elvira (1956). The discovery of the elements (6th ed.). Easton, PA: Journal of Chemical Education.
Wenzel, Thomas J (2007). Discrimination of chiral compounds using NMR spectroscopy. John Wiley & Sons. p. 339. ISBN 978-0-471-76352-9.

arxiv.org

Hirsch, J. E. / (2021). "About the Pressure-Induced Superconducting State of Europium Metal at Low Temperatures". Physica C. 583: 1353805. arXiv:2012.07537. Bibcode:2021PhyC..58353805H. doi:10.1016/j.physc.2020.1353805. S2CID 230580273.
Xing, Qian-Fan; Zhao, Gang; Aoki, Wako; Honda, Satoshi; Li, Hai-Ning; Ishigaki, Miho N.; Matsuno, Tadafumi (29 April 2019). "Evidence for the accretion origin of halo stars with an extreme r-process enhancement". Nature. 3 (7): 631–635. arXiv:1905.04141. Bibcode:2019NatAs...3..631X. doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0764-5. S2CID 150373875.

bnf.fr

gallica.bnf.fr

Demarçay, Eugène-Anatole (1901). "Sur un nouvel élément l'europium". Comptes rendus. 132: 1484–1486.

books.google.com

Sinha, Shyama P.; Scientific Affairs Division, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1983). "The Europium anomaly". Systematics and the properties of the lanthanides. Springer. pp. 550–553. ISBN 978-90-277-1613-2.
Neikov, Oleg D.; Naboychenko, Stanislav; Gopienko, Victor G.; Frishberg, Irina V. (2009-01-15). Handbook of Non-Ferrous Metal Powders: Technologies and Applications. Elsevier. p. 505. ISBN 978-1-85617-422-0.
Caro, Paul (1998-06-01). "Rare earths in luminescence". Rare earths. Editorial Complutense. pp. 323–325. ISBN 978-84-89784-33-8.
Bamfield, Peter (2001). "Inorganic Phosphors". Chromic phenomena: technological applications of colour chemistry. Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 159–171. ISBN 978-0-85404-474-0.
Lakshmanan, Arunachalam (2008). "Persistent Afterglow Phosphors". Luminescence and Display Phosphors: Phenomena and Applications. Nova Publishers. ISBN 978-1-60456-018-3.
Cotton, Simon (2006). "Euro banknotes". Lanthanide and actinide chemistry. Wiley. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-470-01006-8.

ciaaw.org

"Standard Atomic Weights: Europium". CIAAW. 1995.

degruyter.com

Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

doi.org

Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
Debessai, M.; Matsuoka, T.; Hamlin, J.; Schilling, J.; Shimizu, K. (2009). "Pressure-Induced Superconducting State of Europium Metal at Low Temperatures". Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 (19): 197002. Bibcode:2009PhRvL.102s7002D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.197002. PMID 19518988. S2CID 25470268.
Hirsch, J. E. / (2021). "About the Pressure-Induced Superconducting State of Europium Metal at Low Temperatures". Physica C. 583: 1353805. arXiv:2012.07537. Bibcode:2021PhyC..58353805H. doi:10.1016/j.physc.2020.1353805. S2CID 230580273.
Debessai, M.; Matsuoka, T.; Hamlin, J.; Schilling, J.; Shimizu, K. (2021). "Retraction: Pressure-Induced Superconducting State of Europium Metal at Low Temperatures [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 197002 (2009)]". Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 (26): 269902. Bibcode:2021PhRvL.127z9902D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.269902. PMID 35029505. S2CID 25470268.
Johansson, Börje; Rosengren, Anders (1975). "Generalized phase diagram for the rare-earth elements: Calculations and correlations of bulk properties". Physical Review B. 11 (8): 2836–2857. Bibcode:1975PhRvB..11.2836J. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.11.2836.
Ugale, Akhilesh; Kalyani, Thejo N.; Dhoble, Sanjay J. (2018). "Chapter 2 - Potential of europium and samarium β-diketonates as red light emitters in organic light-emitting diodes". In Martín-Ramos, Pablo; Ramos Silva, Manuela (eds.). Lanthanide-Based Multifunctional Materials: From OLEDs to SIMs. Elsevier. pp. 59–97. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-813840-3.00002-8. ISBN 978-0-12-813840-3.
Cooley, Robert A.; Yost, Don M.; Stone, Hosmer W. (1946). "Europium(II) Salts". Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 2. pp. 69–73. doi:10.1002/9780470132333.ch19. ISBN 978-0-470-13233-3.
McGill, Ian. "Rare Earth Elements". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Vol. 31. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. p. 199. doi:10.1002/14356007.a22_607. ISBN 978-3527306732..
Belli, P.; et al. (2007). "Search for α decay of natural europium". Nuclear Physics A. 789 (1): 15–29. Bibcode:2007NuPhA.789...15B. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.03.001.
Kiss, G. G.; Vitéz-Sveiczer, A.; Saito, Y.; et al. (2022). "Measuring the β-decay properties of neutron-rich exotic Pm, Sm, Eu, and Gd isotopes to constrain the nucleosynthesis yields in the rare-earth region". The Astrophysical Journal. 936 (107): 107. Bibcode:2022ApJ...936..107K. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac80fc. hdl:2117/375253. S2CID 252108123.
Oh, S. Y.; Chang, J.; Mughabghab, S. (2000). Neutron cross section evaluations of fission products below the fast energy region (PDF) (Report). doi:10.2172/759039.
Inghram, Mark; Hayden, Richard; Hess, David (1947). "Activities Induced by Pile Neutron Bombardment of Samarium". Physical Review. 71 (9): 643. Bibcode:1947PhRv...71..643I. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.71.643. hdl:2027/mdp.39015086431197.
Hayden, Richard; Reynolds, John; Inghram, Mark (1949). "Reactions Induced by Slow Neutron Irradiation of Europium". Physical Review. 75 (10): 1500–1507. Bibcode:1949PhRv...75.1500H. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.75.1500.
Meinke, W. W.; Anderson, R. E. (1954). "Activation Analysis of Several Rare Earth Elements". Analytical Chemistry. 26 (5): 907–909. doi:10.1021/ac60089a030.
Farrar, H.; Tomlinson, R. H. (1962). "Cumulative yields of the heavy fragments in U235 thermal neutron fission". Nuclear Physics. 34 (2): 367–381. Bibcode:1962NucPh..34..367F. doi:10.1016/0029-5582(62)90227-4. hdl:11375/25557.
Inghram, Mark; Hayden, Richard; Hess, David (1950). "U235 Fission Yields in the Rare Earth Region". Physical Review. 79 (2): 271–274. Bibcode:1950PhRv...79..271I. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.79.271. hdl:2027/mdp.39015086449009.
Fajans, Kasimir; Voigt, Adolf (1941). "A Note on the Radiochemistry of Europium". Physical Review. 60 (7): 533–534. Bibcode:1941PhRv...60..533F. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.60.533.2.
Maestro, Patrick (2004). "Lanthanides". Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Vol. 14. pp. 1096–1120. doi:10.1002/0471238961.120114201901021 (inactive 31 January 2024). ISBN 978-0-471-23896-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link)
Bill, H.; Calas, G. (1978). "Color centers, associated rare-earth ions and the origin of coloration in natural fluorites". Physics and Chemistry of Minerals. 3 (2): 117–131. Bibcode:1978PCM.....3..117B. doi:10.1007/BF00308116. S2CID 93952343.
Valeur, Bernard; Berberan-Santos, Mário N. (2011). "A Brief History of Fluorescence and Phosphorescence before the Emergence of Quantum Theory". Journal of Chemical Education. 88 (6): 731–738. Bibcode:2011JChEd..88..731V. doi:10.1021/ed100182h.
Mariano, A.; King, P. (1975). "Europium-activated cathodoluminescence in minerals". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 39 (5): 649–660. Bibcode:1975GeCoA..39..649M. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(75)90008-3.
Sidike, Aierken; Kusachi, I.; Yamashita, N. (2003). "Natural fluorite emitting yellow fluorescence under UV light". Physics and Chemistry of Minerals. 30 (8): 478–485. Bibcode:2003PCM....30..478S. doi:10.1007/s00269-003-0341-3. S2CID 94922250.
Przibram, K. (1935). "Fluorescence of Fluorite and the Bivalent Europium Ion". Nature. 135 (3403): 100. Bibcode:1935Natur.135..100P. doi:10.1038/135100a0. S2CID 4104586.
Xing, Qian-Fan; Zhao, Gang; Aoki, Wako; Honda, Satoshi; Li, Hai-Ning; Ishigaki, Miho N.; Matsuno, Tadafumi (29 April 2019). "Evidence for the accretion origin of halo stars with an extreme r-process enhancement". Nature. 3 (7): 631–635. arXiv:1905.04141. Bibcode:2019NatAs...3..631X. doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0764-5. S2CID 150373875.
Gupta, C. K.; Krishnamurthy, N. (1992). "Extractive metallurgy of rare earths". International Materials Reviews. 37 (1): 197–248. Bibcode:1992IMRv...37..197G. doi:10.1179/imr.1992.37.1.197.
Morais, C.; Ciminelli, V. S. T. (2001). "Recovery of europium by chemical reduction of a commercial solution of europium and gadolinium chlorides". Hydrometallurgy. 60 (3): 247–253. Bibcode:2001HydMe..60..247M. doi:10.1016/S0304-386X(01)00156-6.
McCoy, Herbert N. (1936). "Contribution to the chemistry of europium". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 58 (9): 1577–1580. doi:10.1021/ja01300a020.
Lawrence J. Drew; Meng Qingrun & Sun Weijun (1990). "The Bayan Obo iron-rare-earth-niobium deposits, Inner Mongolia, China". Lithos. 26 (1–2): 43–65. Bibcode:1990Litho..26...43D. doi:10.1016/0024-4937(90)90040-8.
Xue-Ming Yang; Michael J. Le Bas (2004). "Chemical compositions of carbonate minerals from Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China: implications for petrogenesis". Lithos. 72 (1–2): 97–116. Bibcode:2004Litho..72...97Y. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2003.09.002.
Chengyu Wu (2007). "Bayan Obo Controversy: Carbonatites versus Iron Oxide-Cu-Au-(REE-U)". Resource Geology. 58 (4): 348–354. doi:10.1111/j.1751-3928.2008.00069.x. S2CID 130453872.
Hedrick, J.; Sinha, S.; Kosynkin, V. (1997). "Loparite, a rare-earth ore (Ce, Na, Sr, Ca)(Ti, Nb, Ta, Fe+3)O3". Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 250 (1–2): 467–470. doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(96)02824-1.
Howell, J.K.; Pytlewski, L.L. (August 1969). "Synthesis of divalent europium and ytterbium halides in liquid ammonia". Journal of the Less Common Metals. 18 (4): 437–439. doi:10.1016/0022-5088(69)90017-4.
Archer, R. D.; Mitchell, W. N.; Mazelsky, R. (1967). "Europium (II) Sulfide". Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 10. pp. 77–79. doi:10.1002/9780470132418.ch15. ISBN 978-0-470-13241-8.
Crookes, W. (1905). "On the Phosphorescent Spectra of S δ and Europium". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 76 (511): 411–414. Bibcode:1905RSPSA..76..411C. doi:10.1098/rspa.1905.0043. JSTOR 92772.
Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements. XVI. The rare earth elements". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (10): 1751. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1751W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1751.
Srivastava, A. M.; Ronda, C. R. (2003). "Phosphors" (PDF). The Electrochemical Society Interface. 12 (2): 48–51. doi:10.1149/2.F11032IF.
Spedding, Frank H. (1949). "Large-scale separation of rare-earth salts and the preparation of the pure metals". Discussions of the Faraday Society. 7: 214. doi:10.1039/DF9490700214.
Corbett, John D. (1986). "Frank Harold Spedding". Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences. 80 (5): 106–107. Bibcode:1986PhT....39e.106H. doi:10.1063/1.2815016.
Jansen, T.; Jüstel, T.; Kirm, M.; Mägi, H.; Nagirnyi, V.; Tõldsepp, E.; Vielhauer, S.; Khaidukov, N.M.; Makhov, V.N. (2017). "Site selective, time and temperature dependent spectroscopy of Eu 3+ doped apatites (Mg,Ca,Sr) 2 Y 8 Si 6 O 26". Journal of Luminescence. 186: 205–211. Bibcode:2017JLum..186..205J. doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2017.02.004.
Blasse, G.; Grabmaier, B. C. (1994). Luminescent Materials. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-79017-1. ISBN 978-3-540-58019-5.
Jansen, Thomas; Böhnisch, David; Jüstel, Thomas (2016-01-01). "On the Photoluminescence Linearity of Eu2+ Based LED Phosphors upon High Excitation Density". ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology. 5 (6): R91–R97. doi:10.1149/2.0101606jss. ISSN 2162-8769. S2CID 99095492.
Haley, Thomas J.; Komesu, N.; Colvin, G.; Koste, L.; Upham, H. C. (1965). "Pharmacology and toxicology of europium chloride". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 54 (4): 643–5. doi:10.1002/jps.2600540435. PMID 5842357.
Bruce, D.; Hietbrink, Bernard E.; Dubois, Kenneth P. (1963). "The acute mammalian toxicity of rare earth nitrates and oxides*1". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 5 (6): 750–9. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(63)90067-X. PMID 14082480. Archived from the original on September 24, 2017.

dtic.mil

Bruce, D.; Hietbrink, Bernard E.; Dubois, Kenneth P. (1963). "The acute mammalian toxicity of rare earth nitrates and oxides*1". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 5 (6): 750–9. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(63)90067-X. PMID 14082480. Archived from the original on September 24, 2017.

electrochem.org

Srivastava, A. M.; Ronda, C. R. (2003). "Phosphors" (PDF). The Electrochemical Society Interface. 12 (2): 48–51. doi:10.1149/2.F11032IF.

elementsales.com

Hamric, David (November 2007). "Rare-Earth Metal Long Term Air Exposure Test". elementsales.com. Retrieved 2009-08-08.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Kiss, G. G.; Vitéz-Sveiczer, A.; Saito, Y.; et al. (2022). "Measuring the β-decay properties of neutron-rich exotic Pm, Sm, Eu, and Gd isotopes to constrain the nucleosynthesis yields in the rare-earth region". The Astrophysical Journal. 936 (107): 107. Bibcode:2022ApJ...936..107K. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac80fc. hdl:2117/375253. S2CID 252108123.
Inghram, Mark; Hayden, Richard; Hess, David (1947). "Activities Induced by Pile Neutron Bombardment of Samarium". Physical Review. 71 (9): 643. Bibcode:1947PhRv...71..643I. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.71.643. hdl:2027/mdp.39015086431197.
Farrar, H.; Tomlinson, R. H. (1962). "Cumulative yields of the heavy fragments in U235 thermal neutron fission". Nuclear Physics. 34 (2): 367–381. Bibcode:1962NucPh..34..367F. doi:10.1016/0029-5582(62)90227-4. hdl:11375/25557.
Inghram, Mark; Hayden, Richard; Hess, David (1950). "U235 Fission Yields in the Rare Earth Region". Physical Review. 79 (2): 271–274. Bibcode:1950PhRv...79..271I. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.79.271. hdl:2027/mdp.39015086449009.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Debessai, M.; Matsuoka, T.; Hamlin, J.; Schilling, J.; Shimizu, K. (2009). "Pressure-Induced Superconducting State of Europium Metal at Low Temperatures". Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 (19): 197002. Bibcode:2009PhRvL.102s7002D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.197002. PMID 19518988. S2CID 25470268.
Hirsch, J. E. / (2021). "About the Pressure-Induced Superconducting State of Europium Metal at Low Temperatures". Physica C. 583: 1353805. arXiv:2012.07537. Bibcode:2021PhyC..58353805H. doi:10.1016/j.physc.2020.1353805. S2CID 230580273.
Debessai, M.; Matsuoka, T.; Hamlin, J.; Schilling, J.; Shimizu, K. (2021). "Retraction: Pressure-Induced Superconducting State of Europium Metal at Low Temperatures [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 197002 (2009)]". Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 (26): 269902. Bibcode:2021PhRvL.127z9902D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.269902. PMID 35029505. S2CID 25470268.
Johansson, Börje; Rosengren, Anders (1975). "Generalized phase diagram for the rare-earth elements: Calculations and correlations of bulk properties". Physical Review B. 11 (8): 2836–2857. Bibcode:1975PhRvB..11.2836J. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.11.2836.
Belli, P.; et al. (2007). "Search for α decay of natural europium". Nuclear Physics A. 789 (1): 15–29. Bibcode:2007NuPhA.789...15B. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.03.001.
Kiss, G. G.; Vitéz-Sveiczer, A.; Saito, Y.; et al. (2022). "Measuring the β-decay properties of neutron-rich exotic Pm, Sm, Eu, and Gd isotopes to constrain the nucleosynthesis yields in the rare-earth region". The Astrophysical Journal. 936 (107): 107. Bibcode:2022ApJ...936..107K. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac80fc. hdl:2117/375253. S2CID 252108123.
Inghram, Mark; Hayden, Richard; Hess, David (1947). "Activities Induced by Pile Neutron Bombardment of Samarium". Physical Review. 71 (9): 643. Bibcode:1947PhRv...71..643I. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.71.643. hdl:2027/mdp.39015086431197.
Hayden, Richard; Reynolds, John; Inghram, Mark (1949). "Reactions Induced by Slow Neutron Irradiation of Europium". Physical Review. 75 (10): 1500–1507. Bibcode:1949PhRv...75.1500H. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.75.1500.
Farrar, H.; Tomlinson, R. H. (1962). "Cumulative yields of the heavy fragments in U235 thermal neutron fission". Nuclear Physics. 34 (2): 367–381. Bibcode:1962NucPh..34..367F. doi:10.1016/0029-5582(62)90227-4. hdl:11375/25557.
Inghram, Mark; Hayden, Richard; Hess, David (1950). "U235 Fission Yields in the Rare Earth Region". Physical Review. 79 (2): 271–274. Bibcode:1950PhRv...79..271I. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.79.271. hdl:2027/mdp.39015086449009.
Fajans, Kasimir; Voigt, Adolf (1941). "A Note on the Radiochemistry of Europium". Physical Review. 60 (7): 533–534. Bibcode:1941PhRv...60..533F. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.60.533.2.
Bill, H.; Calas, G. (1978). "Color centers, associated rare-earth ions and the origin of coloration in natural fluorites". Physics and Chemistry of Minerals. 3 (2): 117–131. Bibcode:1978PCM.....3..117B. doi:10.1007/BF00308116. S2CID 93952343.
Valeur, Bernard; Berberan-Santos, Mário N. (2011). "A Brief History of Fluorescence and Phosphorescence before the Emergence of Quantum Theory". Journal of Chemical Education. 88 (6): 731–738. Bibcode:2011JChEd..88..731V. doi:10.1021/ed100182h.
Mariano, A.; King, P. (1975). "Europium-activated cathodoluminescence in minerals". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 39 (5): 649–660. Bibcode:1975GeCoA..39..649M. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(75)90008-3.
Sidike, Aierken; Kusachi, I.; Yamashita, N. (2003). "Natural fluorite emitting yellow fluorescence under UV light". Physics and Chemistry of Minerals. 30 (8): 478–485. Bibcode:2003PCM....30..478S. doi:10.1007/s00269-003-0341-3. S2CID 94922250.
Przibram, K. (1935). "Fluorescence of Fluorite and the Bivalent Europium Ion". Nature. 135 (3403): 100. Bibcode:1935Natur.135..100P. doi:10.1038/135100a0. S2CID 4104586.
Xing, Qian-Fan; Zhao, Gang; Aoki, Wako; Honda, Satoshi; Li, Hai-Ning; Ishigaki, Miho N.; Matsuno, Tadafumi (29 April 2019). "Evidence for the accretion origin of halo stars with an extreme r-process enhancement". Nature. 3 (7): 631–635. arXiv:1905.04141. Bibcode:2019NatAs...3..631X. doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0764-5. S2CID 150373875.
Gupta, C. K.; Krishnamurthy, N. (1992). "Extractive metallurgy of rare earths". International Materials Reviews. 37 (1): 197–248. Bibcode:1992IMRv...37..197G. doi:10.1179/imr.1992.37.1.197.
Morais, C.; Ciminelli, V. S. T. (2001). "Recovery of europium by chemical reduction of a commercial solution of europium and gadolinium chlorides". Hydrometallurgy. 60 (3): 247–253. Bibcode:2001HydMe..60..247M. doi:10.1016/S0304-386X(01)00156-6.
Lawrence J. Drew; Meng Qingrun & Sun Weijun (1990). "The Bayan Obo iron-rare-earth-niobium deposits, Inner Mongolia, China". Lithos. 26 (1–2): 43–65. Bibcode:1990Litho..26...43D. doi:10.1016/0024-4937(90)90040-8.
Xue-Ming Yang; Michael J. Le Bas (2004). "Chemical compositions of carbonate minerals from Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China: implications for petrogenesis". Lithos. 72 (1–2): 97–116. Bibcode:2004Litho..72...97Y. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2003.09.002.
Crookes, W. (1905). "On the Phosphorescent Spectra of S δ and Europium". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 76 (511): 411–414. Bibcode:1905RSPSA..76..411C. doi:10.1098/rspa.1905.0043. JSTOR 92772.
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