Euthanasia (English Wikipedia)

Euthanasia and assisted suicide Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine BBC. Last reviewed June 2011. Accessed 25 July 2011. Archived from the original
Voluntary and involuntary euthanasia Archived 5 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine BBC Accessed 12 February 2012. Archived from the original
Genocide Under the Nazis Timeline: 24 July 1939 Archived 5 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine BBC Accessed 23 July 2011. Quotation: "The first state-sanctioned euthanasia is carried out, after Hitler receives a petition from a child's parents, asking for the life of their severely disabled infant to be ended. This happens after the case has been considered by Hitler's office and by the Reich Committee for the Scientific Registration of Serious and Congenitally Based Illnesses, whose 'experts' have laid down the basis for the removal of disabled children to special 'paediatric clinics'. Here they can be either starved to death or given lethal injections. At least 5,200 infants will eventually be killed through this programme".
Genocide Under the Nazis Timeline: 14 January 1940 Archived 5 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine BBC Accessed 23 July 2011. Quotation: "The 'euthanasia campaign' gathers momentum in Germany, as six special killing centres and gas vans, under an organisation code-named T4, are used in the murder of 'handicapped' adults. Over 70,000 Germans will eventually be killed in this act of mass murder – it is the first time poison bas will be used for such a purpose".

books.google.com

Carr, Claudia (2014). Unlocking Medical Law and Ethics (2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 374. ISBN 9781317743514. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
LaFollette, Hugh (2002). Ethics in practice: an anthology. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 25–26. ISBN 978-0-631-22834-9.
Ian Dowbiggin (March 2007). A Concise History of Euthanasia: Life, Death, God, and Medicine. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 51, 62–64. ISBN 978-0-7425-3111-6.
Corporation, Bonnier (May 1873). "Popular Science". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Ozzano, L.; Giorgi, A. (2015). European Culture Wars and the Italian Case: Which side are you on?. Routledge Studies in Religion and Politics. Taylor & Francis. p. 178. ISBN 978-1-317-36548-8. Archived from the original on 13 May 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
Garnier, T. (2022). From God to Climate Change: The journey of Albert Garnier's 30-year mission in China to scientist son Ben's fight with the riddle of the world. Paragon Publishing. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-78222-969-8. Archived from the original on 13 May 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.

cambridge.org

dictionary.cambridge.org

"EUTHANASIA | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary".

churchofjesuschrist.org

"21. Selected Church Policies and Guidelines". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2019.

crivoice.org

"The Church of the Nazarene, Doctrinal and Ethical Positions". www.crivoice.org. Archived from the original on 8 November 2017.

deutsche-biographie.de

Markwart Michler (1990), "Marx, Karl, Mediziner", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 16, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 327–328; (full text online)

diariodarepublica.pt

"Law n.º 22/2023, of 22 May, published on the 1st Series of Diário da República, n.º 101, of 25 May 2023, in Portuguese, retrieved 25 May 2023".

dictionary.com

"Dictionary.com | Meanings & Definitions of English Words". Dictionary.com.

digitale-sammlungen.de

daten.digitale-sammlungen.de

Markwart Michler (1990), "Marx, Karl, Mediziner", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 16, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 327–328; (full text online)

dignityindying.org.uk

"Public opinion – Dignity in Dying". Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 3 August 2018.

doi.org

Harris, NM. (October 2001). "The euthanasia debate". J R Army Med Corps. 147 (3): 367–70. doi:10.1136/jramc-147-03-22. PMID 11766225.
Borry P, Schotsmans P, Dierickx K (April 2006). "Empirical research in bioethical journals. A quantitative analysis". J Med Ethics. 32 (4): 240–45. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.011478. PMC 2565792. PMID 16574880.
Beauchamp, Tom L.; Davidson, Arnold I. (1979). "The Definition of Euthanasia". Journal of Medicine and Philosophy. 4 (3): 294–312. doi:10.1093/jmp/4.3.294. PMID 501249.
Wreen, Michael (1988). "The Definition of Euthanasia". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 48 (4): 637–53 [639]. doi:10.2307/2108012. JSTOR 2108012. PMID 11652547.
Beauchamp, Tom L.; Davidson, Arnold I. (1979). "The Definition of Euthanasia". Journal of Medicine and Philosophy. 4 (3): 303. doi:10.1093/jmp/4.3.294. PMID 501249.
Beauchamp, Tom L.; Davidson, Arnold I. (1979). "The Definition of Euthanasia". Journal of Medicine and Philosophy. 4 (3): 304. doi:10.1093/jmp/4.3.294. PMID 501249.
Wreen, Michael (1988). "The Definition of Euthanasia". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 48 (4): 637–40. doi:10.2307/2108012. JSTOR 2108012. PMID 11652547.
Wreen, Michael (1988). "The Definition of Euthanasia". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 48 (4): 637–53 [645]. doi:10.2307/2108012. JSTOR 2108012. PMID 11652547.
Materstvedt, Lars Johan; Clark, David; Ellershaw, John; Førde, Reidun; Boeck Gravgaard, Anne-Marie; Müller-Busch, Christof; Porta i Sales, Josep; Rapin, Charles-Henri (2003). "Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide: a view from an EAPC Ethics Task Force". Palliative Medicine. 17 (2): 97–101. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.514.5064. doi:10.1191/0269216303pm673oa. PMID 12701848. S2CID 1498250.
Perrett RW (October 1996). "Buddhism, euthanasia and the sanctity of life". J Med Ethics. 22 (5): 309–13. doi:10.1136/jme.22.5.309. PMC 1377066. PMID 8910785.
Wreen, Michael (1988). "The Definition of Euthanasia". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 48 (4): 637–53. doi:10.2307/2108012. JSTOR 2108012. PMID 11652547.
Rachels J (January 1975). "Active and passive euthanasia". N. Engl. J. Med. 292 (2): 78–80. doi:10.1056/NEJM197501092920206. PMID 1109443. S2CID 46465710.
Mystakidou, Kyriaki; Parpa, Efi; Tsilika, Eleni; Katsouda, Emanuela; Vlahos, Lambros (2005). "The Evolution of Euthanasia and Its Perceptions in Greek Culture and Civilization". Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. 48 (1): 97–98. doi:10.1353/pbm.2005.0013. PMID 15681882. S2CID 44600176.
Stolberg, Michael (2007). "Active Euthanasia in Pre-ModernSociety, 1500–1800: Learned Debates and Popular Practices". Social History of Medicine. 20 (2): 206–07. doi:10.1093/shm/hkm034. PMID 18605325. S2CID 6150428.
Gesundheit, Benjamin; Steinberg, Avraham; Glick, Shimon; Or, Reuven; Jotkovitz, Alan (2006). "Euthanasia: An Overview and the Jewish Perspective". Cancer Investigation. 24 (6): 621–9. doi:10.1080/07357900600894898. PMID 16982468. S2CID 8906449.
Otani, Izumi (2010). ""Good Manner of Dying" as a Normative Concept: "Autocide", "Granny Dumping" and Discussions on Euthanasia/Death with Dignity in Japan". International Journal of Japanese Sociology. 19 (1): 49–63. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6781.2010.01136.x.
Emanuel, Ezekiel (1994). "The history of euthanasia debates in the United States and Britain". Annals of Internal Medicine. 121 (10): 796. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.732.724. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-121-10-199411150-00010. PMID 7944057. S2CID 20754659.
Pappas, Demetra (1996). "Recent historical perspectives regarding medical euthanasia and physician assisted suicide". British Medical Bulletin. 52 (2): 386–87. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011554. PMID 8759237.
Appel, Jacob (2004). "A Duty to Kill? A Duty to Die? Rethinking the Euthanasia Controversy of 1906". Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 78 (3): 610–34. doi:10.1353/bhm.2004.0106. PMID 15356372. S2CID 24991992.
Ramsay, J H R (28 May 2011). "A king, a doctor, and a convenient death". British Medical Journal. 308 (1445): 1445. doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6941.1445. PMC 2540387. PMID 11644545.
Michalsen A, Reinhart K (September 2006). ""Euthanasia": A confusing term, abused under the Nazi regime and misused in present end-of-life debate". Intensive Care Med. 32 (9): 1304–10. doi:10.1007/s00134-006-0256-9. PMID 16826394. S2CID 21032497.
Scopetti, Matteo; Morena, Donato; Padovano, Martina; Manetti, Federico; Di Fazio, Nicola; Delogu, Giuseppe; Ferracuti, Stefano; Frati, Paola; Fineschi, Vittorio (18 May 2023). "Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in Mental Disorders: Ethical Positions in the Debate between Proportionality, Dignity, and the Right to Die". Healthcare. 11 (10). MDPI AG: 1470. doi:10.3390/healthcare11101470. ISSN 2227-9032. PMC 10218690. PMID 37239756.
Harris, N. (1 October 2001). "The Euthanasia Debate". Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps. 147 (3): 367–370. doi:10.1136/jramc-147-03-22. PMID 11766225. S2CID 298551.
Manoj Kumar Mohanty (August 2004). "Variants of homicide: a review". Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine. 11 (4): 214–18. doi:10.1016/j.jcfm.2004.04.006. PMID 15363757.
Oluyemisi Bamgbose (2004). "Euthanasia: Another Face of Murder". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. 48 (1): 111–21. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.631.618. doi:10.1177/0306624X03256662. PMID 14969121. S2CID 32664881.
R Cohen-Almagor (2009). "Belgian euthanasia law: a critical analysis". J. Med. Ethics. 35 (7): 436–39. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.508.6943. doi:10.1136/jme.2008.026799. PMID 19567694. S2CID 44968015.

elca.org

download.elca.org

"Error" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2018.

hospiceuk.org

"Position statement on hospice care and assisted dying (assisted suicide) and recommendations" (PDF). Hospice UK. Retrieved 11 March 2021.

inews.co.uk

"Assisted dying case 'stronger than ever' with majority of doctors now in support". 7 February 2018. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 3 August 2018.

jstor.org

Wreen, Michael (1988). "The Definition of Euthanasia". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 48 (4): 637–53 [639]. doi:10.2307/2108012. JSTOR 2108012. PMID 11652547.
Wreen, Michael (1988). "The Definition of Euthanasia". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 48 (4): 637–40. doi:10.2307/2108012. JSTOR 2108012. PMID 11652547.
Wreen, Michael (1988). "The Definition of Euthanasia". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 48 (4): 637–53 [645]. doi:10.2307/2108012. JSTOR 2108012. PMID 11652547.
Wreen, Michael (1988). "The Definition of Euthanasia". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 48 (4): 637–53. doi:10.2307/2108012. JSTOR 2108012. PMID 11652547.

lcms.org

"LCMS Views – Frequently Asked Questions – The Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod". www.lcms.org. Archived from the original on 14 August 2017.

loc.gov

webarchive.loc.gov

"Historical Timeline: History of Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide," Archived 5 July 2012 at the Library of Congress Web Archives Euthanasia – ProCon.org. Last updated on: 23 July 2013. Retrieved 4 May 2014.

medscape.com

Leslie Kane, MA. "Exclusive Ethics Survey Results: Doctors Struggle With Tougher-Than-Ever Dilemmas". Medscape.com. Archived from the original on 14 August 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2017.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Harris, NM. (October 2001). "The euthanasia debate". J R Army Med Corps. 147 (3): 367–70. doi:10.1136/jramc-147-03-22. PMID 11766225.
Borry P, Schotsmans P, Dierickx K (April 2006). "Empirical research in bioethical journals. A quantitative analysis". J Med Ethics. 32 (4): 240–45. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.011478. PMC 2565792. PMID 16574880.
Beauchamp, Tom L.; Davidson, Arnold I. (1979). "The Definition of Euthanasia". Journal of Medicine and Philosophy. 4 (3): 294–312. doi:10.1093/jmp/4.3.294. PMID 501249.
Wreen, Michael (1988). "The Definition of Euthanasia". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 48 (4): 637–53 [639]. doi:10.2307/2108012. JSTOR 2108012. PMID 11652547.
Beauchamp, Tom L.; Davidson, Arnold I. (1979). "The Definition of Euthanasia". Journal of Medicine and Philosophy. 4 (3): 303. doi:10.1093/jmp/4.3.294. PMID 501249.
Beauchamp, Tom L.; Davidson, Arnold I. (1979). "The Definition of Euthanasia". Journal of Medicine and Philosophy. 4 (3): 304. doi:10.1093/jmp/4.3.294. PMID 501249.
Wreen, Michael (1988). "The Definition of Euthanasia". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 48 (4): 637–40. doi:10.2307/2108012. JSTOR 2108012. PMID 11652547.
Wreen, Michael (1988). "The Definition of Euthanasia". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 48 (4): 637–53 [645]. doi:10.2307/2108012. JSTOR 2108012. PMID 11652547.
Materstvedt, Lars Johan; Clark, David; Ellershaw, John; Førde, Reidun; Boeck Gravgaard, Anne-Marie; Müller-Busch, Christof; Porta i Sales, Josep; Rapin, Charles-Henri (2003). "Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide: a view from an EAPC Ethics Task Force". Palliative Medicine. 17 (2): 97–101. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.514.5064. doi:10.1191/0269216303pm673oa. PMID 12701848. S2CID 1498250.
Perrett RW (October 1996). "Buddhism, euthanasia and the sanctity of life". J Med Ethics. 22 (5): 309–13. doi:10.1136/jme.22.5.309. PMC 1377066. PMID 8910785.
Wreen, Michael (1988). "The Definition of Euthanasia". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 48 (4): 637–53. doi:10.2307/2108012. JSTOR 2108012. PMID 11652547.
Rachels J (January 1975). "Active and passive euthanasia". N. Engl. J. Med. 292 (2): 78–80. doi:10.1056/NEJM197501092920206. PMID 1109443. S2CID 46465710.
Mystakidou, Kyriaki; Parpa, Efi; Tsilika, Eleni; Katsouda, Emanuela; Vlahos, Lambros (2005). "The Evolution of Euthanasia and Its Perceptions in Greek Culture and Civilization". Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. 48 (1): 97–98. doi:10.1353/pbm.2005.0013. PMID 15681882. S2CID 44600176.
Stolberg, Michael (2007). "Active Euthanasia in Pre-ModernSociety, 1500–1800: Learned Debates and Popular Practices". Social History of Medicine. 20 (2): 206–07. doi:10.1093/shm/hkm034. PMID 18605325. S2CID 6150428.
Gesundheit, Benjamin; Steinberg, Avraham; Glick, Shimon; Or, Reuven; Jotkovitz, Alan (2006). "Euthanasia: An Overview and the Jewish Perspective". Cancer Investigation. 24 (6): 621–9. doi:10.1080/07357900600894898. PMID 16982468. S2CID 8906449.
Emanuel, Ezekiel (1994). "The history of euthanasia debates in the United States and Britain". Annals of Internal Medicine. 121 (10): 796. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.732.724. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-121-10-199411150-00010. PMID 7944057. S2CID 20754659.
Pappas, Demetra (1996). "Recent historical perspectives regarding medical euthanasia and physician assisted suicide". British Medical Bulletin. 52 (2): 386–87. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011554. PMID 8759237.
Appel, Jacob (2004). "A Duty to Kill? A Duty to Die? Rethinking the Euthanasia Controversy of 1906". Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 78 (3): 610–34. doi:10.1353/bhm.2004.0106. PMID 15356372. S2CID 24991992.
Ramsay, J H R (28 May 2011). "A king, a doctor, and a convenient death". British Medical Journal. 308 (1445): 1445. doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6941.1445. PMC 2540387. PMID 11644545.
Michalsen A, Reinhart K (September 2006). ""Euthanasia": A confusing term, abused under the Nazi regime and misused in present end-of-life debate". Intensive Care Med. 32 (9): 1304–10. doi:10.1007/s00134-006-0256-9. PMID 16826394. S2CID 21032497.
Scopetti, Matteo; Morena, Donato; Padovano, Martina; Manetti, Federico; Di Fazio, Nicola; Delogu, Giuseppe; Ferracuti, Stefano; Frati, Paola; Fineschi, Vittorio (18 May 2023). "Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in Mental Disorders: Ethical Positions in the Debate between Proportionality, Dignity, and the Right to Die". Healthcare. 11 (10). MDPI AG: 1470. doi:10.3390/healthcare11101470. ISSN 2227-9032. PMC 10218690. PMID 37239756.
Harris, N. (1 October 2001). "The Euthanasia Debate". Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps. 147 (3): 367–370. doi:10.1136/jramc-147-03-22. PMID 11766225. S2CID 298551.
Manoj Kumar Mohanty (August 2004). "Variants of homicide: a review". Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine. 11 (4): 214–18. doi:10.1016/j.jcfm.2004.04.006. PMID 15363757.
Oluyemisi Bamgbose (2004). "Euthanasia: Another Face of Murder". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. 48 (1): 111–21. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.631.618. doi:10.1177/0306624X03256662. PMID 14969121. S2CID 32664881.
R Cohen-Almagor (2009). "Belgian euthanasia law: a critical analysis". J. Med. Ethics. 35 (7): 436–39. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.508.6943. doi:10.1136/jme.2008.026799. PMID 19567694. S2CID 44968015.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Borry P, Schotsmans P, Dierickx K (April 2006). "Empirical research in bioethical journals. A quantitative analysis". J Med Ethics. 32 (4): 240–45. doi:10.1136/jme.2004.011478. PMC 2565792. PMID 16574880.
Perrett RW (October 1996). "Buddhism, euthanasia and the sanctity of life". J Med Ethics. 22 (5): 309–13. doi:10.1136/jme.22.5.309. PMC 1377066. PMID 8910785.
Ramsay, J H R (28 May 2011). "A king, a doctor, and a convenient death". British Medical Journal. 308 (1445): 1445. doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6941.1445. PMC 2540387. PMID 11644545.
Scopetti, Matteo; Morena, Donato; Padovano, Martina; Manetti, Federico; Di Fazio, Nicola; Delogu, Giuseppe; Ferracuti, Stefano; Frati, Paola; Fineschi, Vittorio (18 May 2023). "Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in Mental Disorders: Ethical Positions in the Debate between Proportionality, Dignity, and the Right to Die". Healthcare. 11 (10). MDPI AG: 1470. doi:10.3390/healthcare11101470. ISSN 2227-9032. PMC 10218690. PMID 37239756.

observador.pt

Caeiro, Tiago (24 November 2023). "Eutanásia não avança para já. Ministério da Saúde deixa regulamentação para o próximo governo" [Euthanasia is not moving forward for now. Ministry of Health leaves regulation to the next government]. Observador (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.

openlibrary.org

Nick Kemp (7 September 2002). Merciful Release. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6124-0. OL 10531689M. 0719061245.
Wesley J. Smith (1997). Forced Exit (Forced exit ed.). New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8129-2790-0. OL 1006883M. 0812927907.

orthodoxchristian.info

"The Orthodox Christian view on Euthanasia". www.orthodoxchristian.info. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017.

oxforddictionaries.com

"euthanasia". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. April 2010. Archived from the original on 21 August 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2011.

populus.co.uk

"Dignity in Dying Poll – Populous" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2018.

procon.org

euthanasia.procon.org

"Historical Timeline: History of Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide," Archived 5 July 2012 at the Library of Congress Web Archives Euthanasia – ProCon.org. Last updated on: 23 July 2013. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
"What Are Christian Perspectives on Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide? - Euthanasia - ProCon.org". euthanasia.procon.org. Archived from the original on 15 August 2017.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Materstvedt, Lars Johan; Clark, David; Ellershaw, John; Førde, Reidun; Boeck Gravgaard, Anne-Marie; Müller-Busch, Christof; Porta i Sales, Josep; Rapin, Charles-Henri (2003). "Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide: a view from an EAPC Ethics Task Force". Palliative Medicine. 17 (2): 97–101. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.514.5064. doi:10.1191/0269216303pm673oa. PMID 12701848. S2CID 1498250.
Emanuel, Ezekiel (1994). "The history of euthanasia debates in the United States and Britain". Annals of Internal Medicine. 121 (10): 796. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.732.724. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-121-10-199411150-00010. PMID 7944057. S2CID 20754659.
Oluyemisi Bamgbose (2004). "Euthanasia: Another Face of Murder". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. 48 (1): 111–21. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.631.618. doi:10.1177/0306624X03256662. PMID 14969121. S2CID 32664881.
R Cohen-Almagor (2009). "Belgian euthanasia law: a critical analysis". J. Med. Ethics. 35 (7): 436–39. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.508.6943. doi:10.1136/jme.2008.026799. PMID 19567694. S2CID 44968015.

rca.org

"General Synod Statements: Physician-Assisted Suicide – Reformed Church in America". www.rca.org. Archived from the original on 19 March 2017.

reference.com

dictionary.reference.com

"the definition of homicide". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2017.

salvationarmy.org

"The Salvation Army International – Positional Statement: Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide". www.salvationarmy.org. Archived from the original on 14 August 2017.

sbc.net

"Southern Baptist Convention > Resolution on Euthanasia And Assisted Suicide". www.sbc.net. Archived from the original on 9 October 2017.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Materstvedt, Lars Johan; Clark, David; Ellershaw, John; Førde, Reidun; Boeck Gravgaard, Anne-Marie; Müller-Busch, Christof; Porta i Sales, Josep; Rapin, Charles-Henri (2003). "Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide: a view from an EAPC Ethics Task Force". Palliative Medicine. 17 (2): 97–101. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.514.5064. doi:10.1191/0269216303pm673oa. PMID 12701848. S2CID 1498250.
Rachels J (January 1975). "Active and passive euthanasia". N. Engl. J. Med. 292 (2): 78–80. doi:10.1056/NEJM197501092920206. PMID 1109443. S2CID 46465710.
Mystakidou, Kyriaki; Parpa, Efi; Tsilika, Eleni; Katsouda, Emanuela; Vlahos, Lambros (2005). "The Evolution of Euthanasia and Its Perceptions in Greek Culture and Civilization". Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. 48 (1): 97–98. doi:10.1353/pbm.2005.0013. PMID 15681882. S2CID 44600176.
Stolberg, Michael (2007). "Active Euthanasia in Pre-ModernSociety, 1500–1800: Learned Debates and Popular Practices". Social History of Medicine. 20 (2): 206–07. doi:10.1093/shm/hkm034. PMID 18605325. S2CID 6150428.
Gesundheit, Benjamin; Steinberg, Avraham; Glick, Shimon; Or, Reuven; Jotkovitz, Alan (2006). "Euthanasia: An Overview and the Jewish Perspective". Cancer Investigation. 24 (6): 621–9. doi:10.1080/07357900600894898. PMID 16982468. S2CID 8906449.
Emanuel, Ezekiel (1994). "The history of euthanasia debates in the United States and Britain". Annals of Internal Medicine. 121 (10): 796. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.732.724. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-121-10-199411150-00010. PMID 7944057. S2CID 20754659.
Appel, Jacob (2004). "A Duty to Kill? A Duty to Die? Rethinking the Euthanasia Controversy of 1906". Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 78 (3): 610–34. doi:10.1353/bhm.2004.0106. PMID 15356372. S2CID 24991992.
Michalsen A, Reinhart K (September 2006). ""Euthanasia": A confusing term, abused under the Nazi regime and misused in present end-of-life debate". Intensive Care Med. 32 (9): 1304–10. doi:10.1007/s00134-006-0256-9. PMID 16826394. S2CID 21032497.
Harris, N. (1 October 2001). "The Euthanasia Debate". Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps. 147 (3): 367–370. doi:10.1136/jramc-147-03-22. PMID 11766225. S2CID 298551.
Oluyemisi Bamgbose (2004). "Euthanasia: Another Face of Murder". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. 48 (1): 111–21. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.631.618. doi:10.1177/0306624X03256662. PMID 14969121. S2CID 32664881.
R Cohen-Almagor (2009). "Belgian euthanasia law: a critical analysis". J. Med. Ethics. 35 (7): 436–39. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.508.6943. doi:10.1136/jme.2008.026799. PMID 19567694. S2CID 44968015.

stanford.edu

plato.stanford.edu

"Voluntary Euthanasia". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Archived from the original on 11 June 2019. Retrieved 7 May 2019. When a person performs an act of euthanasia, she brings about the death of another person because she believes the latter's present existence is so bad that he would be better off dead, or believes that unless she intervenes and ends his life, his life will very soon become so bad that he would be better off dead.

state.or.us

leg.state.or.us

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