Evidence-based medicine (English Wikipedia)

Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group (November 1992). "Evidence-based medicine. A new approach to teaching the practice of medicine". JAMA. 268 (17): 2420–2425. Bibcode:1992JAMA..268.2420G. doi:10.1001/JAMA.1992.03490170092032. PMID 1404801.
Wennberg J (December 1973). "Small area variations in health care delivery". Science. 182 (4117): 1102–1108. Bibcode:1973Sci...182.1102W. doi:10.1126/science.182.4117.1102. PMID 4750608. S2CID 43819003.
Institute of Medicine (1990). Field MJ, Lohr KN (eds.). Clinical Practice Guidelines: Directions for a New Program. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences Press. p. 32. Bibcode:1990nap..book.1626I. doi:10.17226/1626. ISBN 978-0-309-07666-1. PMC 5310095. PMID 25144032.
Kicinski M, Springate DA, Kontopantelis E (September 2015). "Publication bias in meta-analyses from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews". Statistics in Medicine. 34 (20): 2781–2793. Bibcode:2015StMed..34.2781K. doi:10.1002/sim.6525. PMID 25988604. S2CID 25560005.

ahrq.gov (Global: low place; English: 7,784^th place)

"Agency for Health Care Policy and Research". Retrieved 21 August 2014.

ama-assn.org (Global: 4,430^th place; English: 4,511^th place)

"Development of evidence-based medicine explored in oral history video, AMA, Jan 27, 2014". 27 January 2014.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Katz DL (2001). Clinical Epidemiology & Evidence-Based Medicine: Fundamental Principles of Clinical Reasoning & Research. Sage. ISBN 978-0-7619-1939-1.
Greenhalgh T (2010). How to Read a Paper: The Basics of Evidence-Based Medicine (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-4443-9036-0.

bandolier.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Statistical Power". Bandolier. 2007.

bestevidencesystems.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

blog.bestevidencesystems.com

"Knowledge Transfer in the ED: How to Get Evidence Used". Best Evidence Healthcare Blog. Retrieved 8 October 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

bmj.com (Global: 1,341^st place; English: 1,425^th place)

clinicalevidence.bmj.com

"Clinical Evidence". Archived from the original on 20 August 2008. Retrieved 21 August 2014.

bestpractice.bmj.com

"Appraise the evidence | BMJ Best Practice". Retrieved 10 February 2025.

bmj.com

Ramos KD, Schafer S, Tracz SM (February 2003). "Validation of the Fresno test of competence in evidence based medicine". BMJ. 326 (7384): 319–321. doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7384.319. PMC 143529. PMID 12574047.
Fresno test

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Beracochea, Elvira; Weinstein, Corey; Evans, Dabney (1 November 2010). Rights-Based Approaches to Public Health. Springer Publishing Company. pp. 202, 209. ISBN 978-0-8261-0570-7. People cannot be healthy when governments do not respect universal human rights and implement evidence-based health policies that would realize the rights of their citizens....Respecting human rights implies the need to provide effective and evidence-based strategies.
Eddy DM (1982). "18 Probabilistic Reasoning in Clinical Medicine: Problems and Opportunities". In Kahneman D, Slovic P, Tversky A (eds.). Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Cambridge University Press. pp. 249–267. ISBN 978-0-521-28414-1.
Sackett D (2006). Haynes BR (ed.). Clinical Epidemiology: How to Do Clinical Practice Research. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-7817-4524-6.
Rettig RA, Jacobson PD, Farquhar CM, Aubry WM (2007). False Hope: Bone Marrow Transplantation for Breast Cancer: Bone Marrow Transplantation for Breast Cancer. Oxford University Press. p. 183. ISBN 978-0-19-974824-2.
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (August 1989). Guide to clinical preventive services: report of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. DIANE Publishing. pp. 24–. ISBN 978-1-56806-297-6.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

Fulford KW, Peile H, Carroll H (March 2012). Essential Values-Based Practice. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-53025-5.
Engebretsen, Eivind; Baker, Mona (2022). Rethinking Evidence in the Time of Pandemics: Scientific vs Narrative Rationality and Medical Knowledge Practices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781009030687. ISBN 978-1-316-51660-7.

cardiff.ac.uk (Global: 9,818^th place; English: 5,566^th place)

orca.cardiff.ac.uk

Carrier J (December 2017). "The challenges of evidence implementation: it's all about the context". JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports. 15 (12): 2830–2831. doi:10.11124/JBISRIR-2017-003652. PMID 29219863.

cebm.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group (May 2016). "The Oxford Levels of Evidence 2'". Archived from the original on 5 December 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013.

cmaj.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

Straus SE, McAlister FA (October 2000). "Evidence-based medicine: a commentary on common criticisms" (PDF). CMAJ. 163 (7): 837–841. PMC 80509. PMID 11033714.

cochrane.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

cochrane.org

"The Cochrane Collaboration". Retrieved 21 August 2014.

tech.cochrane.org

Schünemann H, Brożek J, Oxman A, eds. (2009). GRADE handbook for grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendation (Version 3.2 ed.).
"GRADEPro". Cochrane Informatics and Knowledge Management Department. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
Schünemann H, Brożek J, Guyatt G, Oxman A, eds. (2013). GRADE handbook for grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. Updated October 2013. The GRADE Working Group. Retrieved 3 September 2019.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Sackett DL, Rosenberg WM, Gray JA, Haynes RB, Richardson WS (January 1996). "Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't". BMJ. 312 (7023): 71–72. doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7023.71. PMC 2349778. PMID 8555924.
"Methodology series of ESAIC guidelines: standards in guidelines production". European Journal of Anaesthesiology. March 2026. doi:10.1097/EJA.0000000000002341. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group (November 1992). "Evidence-based medicine. A new approach to teaching the practice of medicine". JAMA. 268 (17): 2420–2425. Bibcode:1992JAMA..268.2420G. doi:10.1001/JAMA.1992.03490170092032. PMID 1404801.
Brater DC, Daly WJ (May 2000). "Clinical pharmacology in the Middle Ages: principles that presage the 21st century". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 67 (5): 447–450. doi:10.1067/mcp.2000.106465. PMID 10824622. S2CID 45980791.
Daly WJ, Brater DC (2000). "Medieval contributions to the search for truth in clinical medicine". Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. 43 (4): 530–540. doi:10.1353/pbm.2000.0037. PMID 11058989. S2CID 30485275.
Shoja MM, Rashidi MR, Tubbs RS, Etemadi J, Abbasnejad F, Agutter PS (August 2011). "Legacy of Avicenna and evidence-based medicine". International Journal of Cardiology. 150 (3): 243–246. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.10.019. PMID 21093081.
"Statistical research on conditions caused by calculi by Doctor Civiale. 1835". International Journal of Epidemiology. 30 (6): 1246–1249. December 2001 [1835]. doi:10.1093/ije/30.6.1246. PMID 11821317. Archived from the original on 29 April 2005.
Sur, RL; Dahm, P (October 2011). "History of evidence-based medicine". Indian Journal of Urology. 27 (4): 487–9. doi:10.4103/0970-1591.91438. PMC 3263217. PMID 22279315.
Sackett DL, Rosenberg WM (November 1995). "The need for evidence-based medicine". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 88 (11): 620–624. doi:10.1177/014107689508801105. PMC 1295384. PMID 8544145.
Watine, J (September 2010). "Translations of the "Evidence-Based Medicine" concept in different languages: is it time for international standardisation?". Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. 48 (9): 1227–8. doi:10.1515/CCLM.2010.266. PMID 20618091.
Wennberg J (December 1973). "Small area variations in health care delivery". Science. 182 (4117): 1102–1108. Bibcode:1973Sci...182.1102W. doi:10.1126/science.182.4117.1102. PMID 4750608. S2CID 43819003.
Eddy DM (August 1982). "Clinical policies and the quality of clinical practice". The New England Journal of Medicine. 307 (6): 343–347. doi:10.1056/nejm198208053070604. PMID 7088099.
Eddy DM (1984). "Variations in physician practice: the role of uncertainty". Health Affairs. 3 (2): 74–89. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.3.2.74. PMID 6469198.
Eddy DM, Billings J (1988). "The quality of medical evidence: implications for quality of care". Health Affairs. 7 (1): 19–32. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.7.1.19. PMID 3360391.
Chassin MR, Kosecoff J, Solomon DH, Brook RH (November 1987). "How coronary angiography is used. Clinical determinants of appropriateness". JAMA. 258 (18): 2543–2547. doi:10.1001/jama.258.18.2543. PMID 3312657.
Institute of Medicine (1990). Field MJ, Lohr KN (eds.). Clinical Practice Guidelines: Directions for a New Program. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences Press. p. 32. Bibcode:1990nap..book.1626I. doi:10.17226/1626. ISBN 978-0-309-07666-1. PMC 5310095. PMID 25144032.
Eddy DM (April 1990). "Clinical decision making: from theory to practice. Practice policies—guidelines for methods". JAMA. 263 (13): 1839–1841. doi:10.1001/jama.263.13.1839. PMID 2313855.
Eddy DM (April 1990). "Clinical decision making: from theory to practice. Guidelines for policy statements: the explicit approach". JAMA. 263 (16): 2239–40, 2243. doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03440160101046. PMID 2319689.
Rosenberg W, Donald A (April 1995). "Evidence based medicine: an approach to clinical problem-solving". BMJ. 310 (6987): 1122–1126. doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6987.1122. PMC 2549505. PMID 7742682.
Eddy DM (March 1990). "Practice policies: where do they come from?". JAMA. 263 (9): 1265, 1269, 1272 passim. doi:10.1001/jama.263.9.1265. PMID 2304243.
Tonelli MR (December 2001). "The limits of evidence-based medicine". Respiratory Care. 46 (12): 1435–1440. doi:10.1177/002013240104601207. PMID 11728302.
Eddy DM (2005). "Evidence-based medicine: a unified approach". Health Affairs. 24 (1): 9–17. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.24.1.9. PMID 15647211.
Eddy D (1980). "ACS report on the cancer-related health checkup". CA. 30 (4): 193–240. doi:10.3322/canjclin.30.4.194. PMID 6774802. S2CID 221546339.
Davino-Ramaya C, Krause LK, Robbins CW, Harris JS, Koster M, Chan W, Tom GI (2012). "Transparency matters: Kaiser Permanente's National Guideline Program methodological processes". The Permanente Journal. 16 (1): 55–62. doi:10.7812/tpp/11-134. PMC 3327114. PMID 22529761.
Smith R (October 1991). "Where is the wisdom...?". BMJ. 303 (6806): 798–799. doi:10.1136/bmj.303.6806.798. PMC 1671173. PMID 1932964.
Darzi, Ara (1 July 2008). "Evidence-based medicine and the NHS: a commentary". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 101 (7). SAGE Publications: 342–344. doi:10.1258/jrsm.2008.nh8004. PMC 2442146. PMID 18591686. Elsewhere, in order to improve dissemination of evidence and facilitate the accessibility of treatments for patients, the independent National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) was created. NICE regularly produces national guidance on the promotion of good health and the prevention and treatment of ill health and in particular has considered quality of life issues even when the cost-effectiveness of treatments is debated.
Ilic D, Maloney S (February 2014). "Methods of teaching medical trainees evidence-based medicine: a systematic review". Medical Education. 48 (2): 124–135. doi:10.1111/medu.12288. PMID 24528395. S2CID 12765787.
Maggio LA, Tannery NH, Chen HC, ten Cate O, O'Brien B (July 2013). "Evidence-based medicine training in undergraduate medical education: a review and critique of the literature published 2006–2011". Academic Medicine. 88 (7): 1022–1028. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182951959. PMID 23702528.
Meats E, Heneghan C, Crilly M, Glasziou P (April 2009). "Evidence-based medicine teaching in UK medical schools". Medical Teacher. 31 (4): 332–337. doi:10.1080/01421590802572791. PMID 19404893. S2CID 21133182.
Cook DJ, Jaeschke R, Guyatt GH (1992). "Critical appraisal of therapeutic interventions in the intensive care unit: human monoclonal antibody treatment in sepsis. Journal Club of the Hamilton Regional Critical Care Group". Journal of Intensive Care Medicine. 7 (6): 275–282. doi:10.1177/088506669200700601. PMID 10147956. S2CID 7194293.
Dawes M, Summerskill W, Glasziou P, Cartabellotta A, Martin J, Hopayian K, et al. (January 2005). "Sicily statement on evidence-based practice". BMC Medical Education. 5 (1) 1. doi:10.1186/1472-6920-5-1. PMC 544887. PMID 15634359.
Richardson WS, Wilson MC, Nishikawa J, Hayward RS (1995). "The well-built clinical question: a key to evidence-based decisions". ACP Journal Club. 123 (3): A12–A13. doi:10.7326/ACPJC-1995-123-3-A12. PMID 7582737.
Rosenberg WM, Deeks J, Lusher A, Snowball R, Dooley G, Sackett D (1998). "Improving searching skills and evidence retrieval". Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London. 32 (6): 557–563. doi:10.1016/S0035-8819(25)01804-5. PMC 9662986. PMID 9881313.
Ivers N, Jamtvedt G, Flottorp S, Young JM, Odgaard-Jensen J, French SD, et al. (June 2012). "Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 6 (6) CD000259. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000259.pub3. PMC 11338587. PMID 22696318.
Ivers N, Yogasingam S, Lacroix M, Brown KA, Antony J, Soobiah C, et al. (March 2025). "Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2025 (3) CD000259. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000259.pub4. PMC 11934852. PMID 40130784.
El Dib RP, Atallah AN, Andriolo RB (August 2007). "Mapping the Cochrane evidence for decision making in health care". Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. 13 (4): 689–692. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2007.00886.x. PMID 17683315.
Singh A, Hussain S, Najmi AK (November 2017). "Role of Cochrane Reviews in informing US private payers' policies". Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine. 10 (4): 293–331. doi:10.1111/jebm.12278. PMID 29193899. S2CID 22796658.
Tonelli MR (November 1999). "In defense of expert opinion". Academic Medicine. 74 (11): 1187–1192. doi:10.1097/00001888-199911000-00010. PMID 10587679.
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Balshem H, Helfand M, Schünemann HJ, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Brozek J, et al. (April 2011). "GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence". Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 64 (4): 401–406. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015. PMID 21208779.
DeVito, Nicholas J.; Goldacre, Ben (April 2019). "Catalogue of bias: publication bias". BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine. 24 (2): 53–54. doi:10.1136/bmjebm-2018-111107. ISSN 2515-4478. PMID 30523135.
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Bellomo, Rinaldo; Bagshaw, Sean M. (2006). "Evidence-based medicine: classifying the evidence from clinical trials—the need to consider other dimensions". Critical Care. 10 (5): 232. doi:10.1186/cc5045. ISSN 1466-609X. PMC 1751050. PMID 17029653.
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Timmermans S, Mauck A (2005). "The promises and pitfalls of evidence-based medicine". Health Affairs. 24 (1): 18–28. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.24.1.18. PMID 15647212.
Jureidini J, McHenry LB (March 2022). "The illusion of evidence based medicine". BMJ. 376: o702. doi:10.1136/bmj.o702. PMID 35296456. S2CID 247475472.
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Kicinski M, Springate DA, Kontopantelis E (September 2015). "Publication bias in meta-analyses from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews". Statistics in Medicine. 34 (20): 2781–2793. Bibcode:2015StMed..34.2781K. doi:10.1002/sim.6525. PMID 25988604. S2CID 25560005.
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Ramos KD, Schafer S, Tracz SM (February 2003). "Validation of the Fresno test of competence in evidence based medicine". BMJ. 326 (7384): 319–321. doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7384.319. PMC 143529. PMID 12574047.
Fresno test
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essentialevidenceplus.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"EBM: Levels of Evidence". Essential Evidence Plus. Retrieved 23 February 2012.

gradepro.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

gdt.gradepro.org

Schünemann H, Brożek J, Oxman A, eds. (2009). GRADE handbook for grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendation (Version 3.2 ed.).
"GRADEPro". Cochrane Informatics and Knowledge Management Department. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
Schünemann H, Brożek J, Guyatt G, Oxman A, eds. (2013). GRADE handbook for grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. Updated October 2013. The GRADE Working Group. Retrieved 3 September 2019.

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guideline.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

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medscholarly.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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nice.org.uk (Global: 4,081^st place; English: 3,905^th place)

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Akobeng, A. K. (August 2005). "Understanding randomised controlled trials". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 90 (8): 840–844. doi:10.1136/adc.2004.058222. ISSN 1468-2044. PMC 1720509. PMID 16040885.
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Evidence-based medicine (English Wikipedia)

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