Evolution of the horse (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Evolution of the horse" in English language version.

refsWebsite

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31nih.gov

4^th place

29doi.org

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18harvard.edu

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11semanticscholar.org

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10web.archive.org

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3ansp.org

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2canadiangeographic.ca

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2darwin-online.org.uk

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2jstor.org

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2books.google.com

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2zenodo.org

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2nationalgeographic.com

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1talkorigins.org

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1ufl.edu

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1icm.edu.pl

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1nps.gov

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1uky.edu

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1worldcat.org

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1oxfordjournals.org

1,389^th place

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1nature.com

234^th place

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1science.org

1,160^th place

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1unibe.ch

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1thehorse.com

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ansp.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Ancient American Horses". Joseph Leidy Online Exhibit. Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University. Archived from the original on 2012-03-05. Retrieved 2015-09-20.
"Ancient Horse (Equus cf. E. complicatus)". Academy of Natural Sciences. Archived from the original on 2008-08-29. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
Academy of Natural Sciences - Joseph Leidy - Leidy and Darwin

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Waring, George H (2003). Horse Behavior (2nd ed.). New York: Noyes Publications/William Andrew Publishing. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-8155-1484-8. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
Guest, K.; Mattfeld, M. (2019). Horse Breeds and Human Society: Purity, Identity and the Making of the Modern Horse. Abingdon, Oxon New York, NY: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-65692-7.

canadiangeographic.ca (Global: low place; English: 8,834^th place)

Singer, Ben (May 2005). A brief history of the horse in America. Canadian Geographic Magazine. Archived from the original on 2012-01-07. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
Singer, Ben (May 2005). A brief history of the horse in America. Canadian Geographic Magazine. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 16 October 2009.

darwin-online.org.uk (Global: 2,821^st place; English: 2,253^rd place)

'Filled with astonishment': an introduction to the St. Fe Notebook,
Barlow, Nora (ed. 1945) Charles Darwin and the voyage of the Beagle. London: Pilot Press, p. 210
Darwin, C. R. (ed. 1840). Fossil Mammalia Part 1 No. 4 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. By Richard Owen. London: Smith Elder and Co. p. 108–109

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

MacFadden, B. J. (March 18, 2005). "Fossil Horses--Evidence for Evolution" (PDF). Science. 307 (5716): 1728–1730. doi:10.1126/science.1105458. PMID 15774746. S2CID 19876380.
MacFadden, B. J. (1976). "Cladistic analysis of primitive equids with notes on other perissodactyls". Syst. Zool. 25 (1): 1–14. doi:10.2307/2412774. JSTOR 2412774.
MacFadden, B. J. (2001). "Three-toed browsing horse Anchitherium clarencei from the early Miocene (Hemingfordian) Thomas Farm, Florida". Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History. 43 (3): 79–109. doi:10.58782/flmnh.ldln2910.
Cantalapiedra, Juan L.; Prado, Jose Luis L.; Hernández Fernández, Manuel; Alberdi, Mª Teresa (10 February 2017). "Decoupled ecomorphological evolution and diversification in Neogene-Quaternary horses". Science. 355 (6325): 627–630. Bibcode:2017Sci...355..627C. doi:10.1126/science.aag1772. PMID 28183978. S2CID 206651032.
MacFadden, B. J. (1984). "Astrohippus and Dinohippus from the Yepómera local fauna (Hemphillian, Mexico) and implications for the phylogeny of one-toed horses". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 4 (2): 273–283. Bibcode:1984JVPal...4..273M. doi:10.1080/02724634.1984.10012009.
Orlando, L.; Ginolhac, A.; Zhang, G.; Froese, D.; Albrechtsen, A.; Stiller, M.; Schubert, M.; Cappellini, E.; Petersen, B.; et al. (4 July 2013). "Recalibrating Equus evolution using the genome sequence of an early Middle Pleistocene horse". Nature. 499 (7456): 74–8. Bibcode:2013Natur.499...74O. doi:10.1038/nature12323. PMID 23803765. S2CID 4318227.
Weinstock, J.; et al. (2005). "Evolution, systematics, and phylogeography of Pleistocene horses in the New World: a molecular perspective". PLOS Biology. 3 (8) e241. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030241. PMC 1159165. PMID 15974804.
Orlando, L.; Male, D.; Alberdi, M. T.; Prado, J. L.; Prieto, A.; Cooper, A.; Hänni, C.; et al. (May 2008). "Ancient DNA Clarifies the Evolutionary History of American Late Pleistocene Equids". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 66 (5): 533–538. Bibcode:2008JMolE..66..533O. doi:10.1007/s00239-008-9100-x. PMID 18398561. S2CID 19069554.
Vila, C.; et al. (2001). "Widespread Origins of Domestic Horse Lineages" (PDF). Science. 291 (5503): 474–7. Bibcode:2001Sci...291..474V. doi:10.1126/science.291.5503.474. PMID 11161199. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-13. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
Jansen, T.; et al. (July 2002). "Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the domestic horse". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 99 (16): 10905–10910. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9910905J. doi:10.1073/pnas.152330099. PMC 125071. PMID 12130666.
Goto, Hiroki; Ryder, Oliver A.; Fisher, Allison R.; Schultz, Bryant; Pond, Sergei L. Kosakovsky; Nekrutenko, Anton; Makova, Kateryna D. (1 January 2011). "A massively parallel sequencing approach uncovers ancient origins and high genetic variability of endangered Przewalski's horses". Genome Biology and Evolution. 3: 1096–1106. doi:10.1093/gbe/evr067. ISSN 1759-6653. PMC 3194890. PMID 21803766. Archived from the original on 27 July 2015.
Machugh, David E.; Larson, Greger; Orlando, Ludovic (2016). "Taming the past: Ancient DNA and the study of animal domestication". Annual Review of Animal Biosciences. 5: 329–351. doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-022516-022747. PMID 27813680. S2CID 21991146.
der Sarkissian, C.; Ermini, L.; Schubert, M.; Yang, M.A.; Librado, P.; et al. (2015). "Evolutionary genomics and conservation of the endangered Przewalski's horse". Curr. Biol. 25 (19): 2577–83. Bibcode:2015CBio...25.2577D. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.08.032. PMC 5104162. PMID 26412128.
Outram, A.K.; Stear, N.A.; Bendrey, R.; Olsen, S.; Kasparov, A.; et al. (2009). "The earliest horse harnessing and milking". Science. 323 (5919): 1332–1335. Bibcode:2009Sci...323.1332O. doi:10.1126/science.1168594. PMID 19265018. S2CID 5126719.
Cai, Dawei; Zhuowei Tang; Lu Han; Camilla F. Speller; Dongya Y. Yang; Xiaolin Ma; Jian'en Cao; Hong Zhu; Hui Zhou (2009). "Ancient DNA provides new insights into the origin of the Chinese domestic horse". Journal of Archaeological Science. 36 (3): 835–842. Bibcode:2009JArSc..36..835C. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.11.006.
Orlando, L.; Ginolhac, A.L.; Zhang, G.; Froese, D.; Albrechtsen, A.; Stiller, M.; et al. (2013). "Recalibrating Equus evolution using the genome sequence of an early Middle Pleistocene horse". Nature. 499 (7456): 74–78. Bibcode:2013Natur.499...74O. doi:10.1038/nature12323. PMID 23803765. S2CID 4318227.
Erika Check Hayden (26 June 2013). "First horses arose 4 million years ago". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2013.13261.
Piras, F.M.; Nergadze, S.G.; Poletto, V.; Cerutti, F.; Ryder, O.A.; Leeb, T.; Raimondi, E.; Giulotto, E. (2009). "Phylogeny of Horse Chromosome 5q in the Genus Equus and Centromere Repositioning". Cytogenetic and Genome Research. 126 (1–2): 165–172. doi:10.1159/000245916. PMID 20016166. S2CID 24884868.
Lau, Allison; Lei Peng; Hiroki Goto; Leona Chemnick; Oliver A. Ryder; Kateryna D. Makova (2009). "Horse Domestication and Conservation Genetics of Przewalski's Horse Inferred from Sex Chromosomal and Autosomal Sequences". Mol. Biol. Evol. 26 (1): 199–208. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn239. PMID 18931383.
Guthrie, R. D. (2003-11-13). "Rapid body size decline in Alaskan Pleistocene horses before extinction". Nature. 426 (6963): 169–171. Bibcode:2003Natur.426..169D. doi:10.1038/nature02098. PMID 14614503. S2CID 4427565.
Buck, Caitlin E.; Bard, Edouard (2007). "A calendar chronology for Pleistocene mammoth and horse extinction in North America based on Bayesian radiocarbon calibration". Quaternary Science Reviews. 26 (17–18): 2031–2035. Bibcode:2007QSRv...26.2031B. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.06.013.
Solow, Andrew; Roberts, David; Robbirt, Karen (May 9, 2006). Haynes, C. Vance (ed.). "On the Pleistocene extinctions of Alaskan mammoths and horses". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (19) (19 ed.): 7351–3. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.7351S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0509480103. PMC 1464344. PMID 16651534.
Guthrie, R. D. (2006-05-11). "New carbon dates link climatic change with human colonization and Pleistocene extinctions". Nature. 441 (7090): 207–209. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..207D. doi:10.1038/nature04604. PMID 16688174. S2CID 4327783.
Zimov, S. A.; Chuprynin, V. I.; Oreshko, A. P.; Chapin, F. S.; Reynolds, J. F.; Chapin, M. C. (Nov 1995). "Steppe-tundra transition: a herbivore-driven biome shift at the end of the Pleistocene". The American Naturalist. 146 (5): 765–794. Bibcode:1995ANat..146..765Z. doi:10.1086/285824. JSTOR 2462990. S2CID 60439469.
Warmuth, V.; Eriksson, A.; Bower, M. A.; Barker, G.; Barrett, E.; Hanks, B. K.; Li, S.; Lomitashvili, D.; Ochir-Goryaeva, M.; Sizonov, G. V.; Soyonov, V.; Manica, A. (2012-05-07). "Reconstructing the origin and spread of horse domestication in the Eurasian steppe". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (21): 8202–8206. doi:10.1073/pnas.1111122109. PMC 3361400. PMID 22566639.
Luís, Cristina; et al. (2006). "Iberian Origins of New World Horse Breeds". Journal of Heredity. 97 (2): 107–113. doi:10.1093/jhered/esj020. PMID 16489143.
Solounias, Nikos; Danowitz, Melinda; Stachtiaris, Elizabeth; Khurana, Abhilasha; Araim, Marwan; Sayegh, Marc; Natale, Jessica (2018). "The evolution and anatomy of the horse manus with an emphasis on digit reduction". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (1) 171782. Bibcode:2018RSOS....571782S. doi:10.1098/rsos.171782. PMC 5792948. PMID 29410871.
Pruvost, M.; Bellone, R.; Benecke, N.; Sandoval-Castellanos, E.; Cieslak, M.; Kuznetsova, T.; Morales-Muniz, A.; O'Connor, T.; Reissmann, M.; Hofreiter, M.; Ludwig, A. (7 November 2011). "Genotypes of predomestic horses match phenotypes painted in Paleolithic works of cave art". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (46): 18626–18630. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10818626P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1108982108. PMC 3219153. PMID 22065780.
Hofreiter, Michael; Ludwig, Arne; Pruvost, Melanie; Reissman, Monkia; Benecke, Norbert; Brockmann, Gudrun A; Castanos, Pedro; Cieslak, Michael; Lippold, Sebastian; Llorente, Laura; Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo; Slatkin, Montgomery (2009). "Coat Color Variation at the Beginning of Horse Domestication". Science. 324 (5926): 485. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..485L. doi:10.1126/science.1172750. PMC 5102060. PMID 19390039.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

MacFadden, B. J. (1984). "Systematics and phylogeny of Hipparion, Neohipparion, Nannippus, and Cormohipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Miocene and Pliocene of the New World". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 179 (1): 1–195. hdl:2246/997.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Cantalapiedra, Juan L.; Prado, Jose Luis L.; Hernández Fernández, Manuel; Alberdi, Mª Teresa (10 February 2017). "Decoupled ecomorphological evolution and diversification in Neogene-Quaternary horses". Science. 355 (6325): 627–630. Bibcode:2017Sci...355..627C. doi:10.1126/science.aag1772. PMID 28183978. S2CID 206651032.
MacFadden, B. J. (1984). "Astrohippus and Dinohippus from the Yepómera local fauna (Hemphillian, Mexico) and implications for the phylogeny of one-toed horses". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 4 (2): 273–283. Bibcode:1984JVPal...4..273M. doi:10.1080/02724634.1984.10012009.
Orlando, L.; Ginolhac, A.; Zhang, G.; Froese, D.; Albrechtsen, A.; Stiller, M.; Schubert, M.; Cappellini, E.; Petersen, B.; et al. (4 July 2013). "Recalibrating Equus evolution using the genome sequence of an early Middle Pleistocene horse". Nature. 499 (7456): 74–8. Bibcode:2013Natur.499...74O. doi:10.1038/nature12323. PMID 23803765. S2CID 4318227.
Orlando, L.; Male, D.; Alberdi, M. T.; Prado, J. L.; Prieto, A.; Cooper, A.; Hänni, C.; et al. (May 2008). "Ancient DNA Clarifies the Evolutionary History of American Late Pleistocene Equids". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 66 (5): 533–538. Bibcode:2008JMolE..66..533O. doi:10.1007/s00239-008-9100-x. PMID 18398561. S2CID 19069554.
Vila, C.; et al. (2001). "Widespread Origins of Domestic Horse Lineages" (PDF). Science. 291 (5503): 474–7. Bibcode:2001Sci...291..474V. doi:10.1126/science.291.5503.474. PMID 11161199. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-13. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
Jansen, T.; et al. (July 2002). "Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the domestic horse". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 99 (16): 10905–10910. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9910905J. doi:10.1073/pnas.152330099. PMC 125071. PMID 12130666.
der Sarkissian, C.; Ermini, L.; Schubert, M.; Yang, M.A.; Librado, P.; et al. (2015). "Evolutionary genomics and conservation of the endangered Przewalski's horse". Curr. Biol. 25 (19): 2577–83. Bibcode:2015CBio...25.2577D. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.08.032. PMC 5104162. PMID 26412128.
Outram, A.K.; Stear, N.A.; Bendrey, R.; Olsen, S.; Kasparov, A.; et al. (2009). "The earliest horse harnessing and milking". Science. 323 (5919): 1332–1335. Bibcode:2009Sci...323.1332O. doi:10.1126/science.1168594. PMID 19265018. S2CID 5126719.
Cai, Dawei; Zhuowei Tang; Lu Han; Camilla F. Speller; Dongya Y. Yang; Xiaolin Ma; Jian'en Cao; Hong Zhu; Hui Zhou (2009). "Ancient DNA provides new insights into the origin of the Chinese domestic horse". Journal of Archaeological Science. 36 (3): 835–842. Bibcode:2009JArSc..36..835C. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2008.11.006.
Orlando, L.; Ginolhac, A.L.; Zhang, G.; Froese, D.; Albrechtsen, A.; Stiller, M.; et al. (2013). "Recalibrating Equus evolution using the genome sequence of an early Middle Pleistocene horse". Nature. 499 (7456): 74–78. Bibcode:2013Natur.499...74O. doi:10.1038/nature12323. PMID 23803765. S2CID 4318227.
Guthrie, R. D. (2003-11-13). "Rapid body size decline in Alaskan Pleistocene horses before extinction". Nature. 426 (6963): 169–171. Bibcode:2003Natur.426..169D. doi:10.1038/nature02098. PMID 14614503. S2CID 4427565.
Buck, Caitlin E.; Bard, Edouard (2007). "A calendar chronology for Pleistocene mammoth and horse extinction in North America based on Bayesian radiocarbon calibration". Quaternary Science Reviews. 26 (17–18): 2031–2035. Bibcode:2007QSRv...26.2031B. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.06.013.
Solow, Andrew; Roberts, David; Robbirt, Karen (May 9, 2006). Haynes, C. Vance (ed.). "On the Pleistocene extinctions of Alaskan mammoths and horses". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (19) (19 ed.): 7351–3. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.7351S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0509480103. PMC 1464344. PMID 16651534.
Guthrie, R. D. (2006-05-11). "New carbon dates link climatic change with human colonization and Pleistocene extinctions". Nature. 441 (7090): 207–209. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..207D. doi:10.1038/nature04604. PMID 16688174. S2CID 4327783.
Zimov, S. A.; Chuprynin, V. I.; Oreshko, A. P.; Chapin, F. S.; Reynolds, J. F.; Chapin, M. C. (Nov 1995). "Steppe-tundra transition: a herbivore-driven biome shift at the end of the Pleistocene". The American Naturalist. 146 (5): 765–794. Bibcode:1995ANat..146..765Z. doi:10.1086/285824. JSTOR 2462990. S2CID 60439469.
Solounias, Nikos; Danowitz, Melinda; Stachtiaris, Elizabeth; Khurana, Abhilasha; Araim, Marwan; Sayegh, Marc; Natale, Jessica (2018). "The evolution and anatomy of the horse manus with an emphasis on digit reduction". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (1) 171782. Bibcode:2018RSOS....571782S. doi:10.1098/rsos.171782. PMC 5792948. PMID 29410871.
Pruvost, M.; Bellone, R.; Benecke, N.; Sandoval-Castellanos, E.; Cieslak, M.; Kuznetsova, T.; Morales-Muniz, A.; O'Connor, T.; Reissmann, M.; Hofreiter, M.; Ludwig, A. (7 November 2011). "Genotypes of predomestic horses match phenotypes painted in Paleolithic works of cave art". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (46): 18626–18630. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10818626P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1108982108. PMC 3219153. PMID 22065780.
Hofreiter, Michael; Ludwig, Arne; Pruvost, Melanie; Reissman, Monkia; Benecke, Norbert; Brockmann, Gudrun A; Castanos, Pedro; Cieslak, Michael; Lippold, Sebastian; Llorente, Laura; Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo; Slatkin, Montgomery (2009). "Coat Color Variation at the Beginning of Horse Domestication". Science. 324 (5926): 485. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..485L. doi:10.1126/science.1172750. PMC 5102060. PMID 19390039.

icm.edu.pl (Global: 2,656^th place; English: 5,310^th place)

yadda.icm.edu.pl

Salesa, M. J.; Sánchez, I. M. & Morales, J. (2004). "Presence of the Asian horse Sinohippus in the Miocene of Europe" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 49 (2): 189–196. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2005-12-24.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

MacFadden, B. J. (1976). "Cladistic analysis of primitive equids with notes on other perissodactyls". Syst. Zool. 25 (1): 1–14. doi:10.2307/2412774. JSTOR 2412774.
Zimov, S. A.; Chuprynin, V. I.; Oreshko, A. P.; Chapin, F. S.; Reynolds, J. F.; Chapin, M. C. (Nov 1995). "Steppe-tundra transition: a herbivore-driven biome shift at the end of the Pleistocene". The American Naturalist. 146 (5): 765–794. Bibcode:1995ANat..146..765Z. doi:10.1086/285824. JSTOR 2462990. S2CID 60439469.

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 344^th place; English: 296^th place)

news.nationalgeographic.com

Jane J Lee (26 June 2013). "World's Oldest Genome Sequenced From 700,000-Year-Old Horse DNA". National Geographic. Archived from the original on June 29, 2013.

nationalgeographic.com

"Stunning footprints push back human arrival in Americas by thousands of years". History. 2021-09-23. Retrieved 2021-11-20.

nature.com (Global: 234^th place; English: 397^th place)

Erika Check Hayden (26 June 2013). "First horses arose 4 million years ago". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2013.13261.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

MacFadden, B. J. (March 18, 2005). "Fossil Horses--Evidence for Evolution" (PDF). Science. 307 (5716): 1728–1730. doi:10.1126/science.1105458. PMID 15774746. S2CID 19876380.
Cantalapiedra, Juan L.; Prado, Jose Luis L.; Hernández Fernández, Manuel; Alberdi, Mª Teresa (10 February 2017). "Decoupled ecomorphological evolution and diversification in Neogene-Quaternary horses". Science. 355 (6325): 627–630. Bibcode:2017Sci...355..627C. doi:10.1126/science.aag1772. PMID 28183978. S2CID 206651032.
Orlando, L.; Ginolhac, A.; Zhang, G.; Froese, D.; Albrechtsen, A.; Stiller, M.; Schubert, M.; Cappellini, E.; Petersen, B.; et al. (4 July 2013). "Recalibrating Equus evolution using the genome sequence of an early Middle Pleistocene horse". Nature. 499 (7456): 74–8. Bibcode:2013Natur.499...74O. doi:10.1038/nature12323. PMID 23803765. S2CID 4318227.
Weinstock, J.; et al. (2005). "Evolution, systematics, and phylogeography of Pleistocene horses in the New World: a molecular perspective". PLOS Biology. 3 (8) e241. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030241. PMC 1159165. PMID 15974804.
Orlando, L.; Male, D.; Alberdi, M. T.; Prado, J. L.; Prieto, A.; Cooper, A.; Hänni, C.; et al. (May 2008). "Ancient DNA Clarifies the Evolutionary History of American Late Pleistocene Equids". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 66 (5): 533–538. Bibcode:2008JMolE..66..533O. doi:10.1007/s00239-008-9100-x. PMID 18398561. S2CID 19069554.
Vila, C.; et al. (2001). "Widespread Origins of Domestic Horse Lineages" (PDF). Science. 291 (5503): 474–7. Bibcode:2001Sci...291..474V. doi:10.1126/science.291.5503.474. PMID 11161199. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-13. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
Jansen, T.; et al. (July 2002). "Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the domestic horse". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 99 (16): 10905–10910. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9910905J. doi:10.1073/pnas.152330099. PMC 125071. PMID 12130666.
Goto, Hiroki; Ryder, Oliver A.; Fisher, Allison R.; Schultz, Bryant; Pond, Sergei L. Kosakovsky; Nekrutenko, Anton; Makova, Kateryna D. (1 January 2011). "A massively parallel sequencing approach uncovers ancient origins and high genetic variability of endangered Przewalski's horses". Genome Biology and Evolution. 3: 1096–1106. doi:10.1093/gbe/evr067. ISSN 1759-6653. PMC 3194890. PMID 21803766. Archived from the original on 27 July 2015.
Machugh, David E.; Larson, Greger; Orlando, Ludovic (2016). "Taming the past: Ancient DNA and the study of animal domestication". Annual Review of Animal Biosciences. 5: 329–351. doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-022516-022747. PMID 27813680. S2CID 21991146.
der Sarkissian, C.; Ermini, L.; Schubert, M.; Yang, M.A.; Librado, P.; et al. (2015). "Evolutionary genomics and conservation of the endangered Przewalski's horse". Curr. Biol. 25 (19): 2577–83. Bibcode:2015CBio...25.2577D. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.08.032. PMC 5104162. PMID 26412128.
Outram, A.K.; Stear, N.A.; Bendrey, R.; Olsen, S.; Kasparov, A.; et al. (2009). "The earliest horse harnessing and milking". Science. 323 (5919): 1332–1335. Bibcode:2009Sci...323.1332O. doi:10.1126/science.1168594. PMID 19265018. S2CID 5126719.
Orlando, L.; Ginolhac, A.L.; Zhang, G.; Froese, D.; Albrechtsen, A.; Stiller, M.; et al. (2013). "Recalibrating Equus evolution using the genome sequence of an early Middle Pleistocene horse". Nature. 499 (7456): 74–78. Bibcode:2013Natur.499...74O. doi:10.1038/nature12323. PMID 23803765. S2CID 4318227.
Piras, F.M.; Nergadze, S.G.; Poletto, V.; Cerutti, F.; Ryder, O.A.; Leeb, T.; Raimondi, E.; Giulotto, E. (2009). "Phylogeny of Horse Chromosome 5q in the Genus Equus and Centromere Repositioning". Cytogenetic and Genome Research. 126 (1–2): 165–172. doi:10.1159/000245916. PMID 20016166. S2CID 24884868.
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Evolution of the horse (English Wikipedia)

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