References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Expected value" in the English version

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Feller 1968, p. 221. Feller, William (1968). An introduction to probability theory and its applications. Volume I (Third edition of 1950 original ed.). New York–London–Sydney: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. MR 0228020.

Billingsley 1995, p. 76. Billingsley, Patrick (1995). Probability and measure. Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics (Third edition of 1979 original ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-00710-2. MR 1324786.

Ross 2019, Section 2.4.1. Ross, Sheldon M. (2019). Introduction to probability models (Twelfth edition of 1972 original ed.). London: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/C2017-0-01324-1. ISBN 978-0-12-814346-9. MR 3931305.

Feller 1968, Section IX.2. Feller, William (1968). An introduction to probability theory and its applications. Volume I (Third edition of 1950 original ed.). New York–London–Sydney: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. MR 0228020.

Papoulis & Pillai 2002, Section 5-3; Ross 2019, Section 2.4.2. Papoulis, Athanasios; Pillai, S. Unnikrishna (2002). Probability, random variables, and stochastic processes (Fourth edition of 1965 original ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-366011-6. (Erratum: [1]) Ross, Sheldon M. (2019). Introduction to probability models (Twelfth edition of 1972 original ed.). London: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/C2017-0-01324-1. ISBN 978-0-12-814346-9. MR 3931305.

Feller 1971, Section I.2. Feller, William (1971). An introduction to probability theory and its applications. Volume II (Second edition of 1966 original ed.). New York–London–Sydney: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. MR 0270403.

Feller 1971, p. 5. Feller, William (1971). An introduction to probability theory and its applications. Volume II (Second edition of 1966 original ed.). New York–London–Sydney: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. MR 0270403.

Billingsley 1995, p. 273. Billingsley, Patrick (1995). Probability and measure. Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics (Third edition of 1979 original ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-00710-2. MR 1324786.

Billingsley 1995, Section 15. Billingsley, Patrick (1995). Probability and measure. Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics (Third edition of 1979 original ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-00710-2. MR 1324786.

Billingsley 1995, Theorems 31.7 and 31.8 and p. 422. Billingsley, Patrick (1995). Probability and measure. Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics (Third edition of 1979 original ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-00710-2. MR 1324786.

Billingsley 1995, Theorem 16.13. Billingsley, Patrick (1995). Probability and measure. Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics (Third edition of 1979 original ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-00710-2. MR 1324786.

Billingsley 1995, Theorem 16.11. Billingsley, Patrick (1995). Probability and measure. Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics (Third edition of 1979 original ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-00710-2. MR 1324786.

Casella & Berger 2001, p. 89; Ross 2019, Example 2.16. Casella, George; Berger, Roger L. (2001). Statistical inference. Duxbury Advanced Series (Second edition of 1990 original ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Duxbury. ISBN 0-534-11958-1. Ross, Sheldon M. (2019). Introduction to probability models (Twelfth edition of 1972 original ed.). London: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/C2017-0-01324-1. ISBN 978-0-12-814346-9. MR 3931305.

Casella & Berger 2001, Example 2.2.3; Ross 2019, Example 2.17. Casella, George; Berger, Roger L. (2001). Statistical inference. Duxbury Advanced Series (Second edition of 1990 original ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Duxbury. ISBN 0-534-11958-1. Ross, Sheldon M. (2019). Introduction to probability models (Twelfth edition of 1972 original ed.). London: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/C2017-0-01324-1. ISBN 978-0-12-814346-9. MR 3931305.

Billingsley 1995, Example 21.4; Casella & Berger 2001, p. 92; Ross 2019, Example 2.19. Billingsley, Patrick (1995). Probability and measure. Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics (Third edition of 1979 original ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-00710-2. MR 1324786. Casella, George; Berger, Roger L. (2001). Statistical inference. Duxbury Advanced Series (Second edition of 1990 original ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Duxbury. ISBN 0-534-11958-1. Ross, Sheldon M. (2019). Introduction to probability models (Twelfth edition of 1972 original ed.). London: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/C2017-0-01324-1. ISBN 978-0-12-814346-9. MR 3931305.

Casella & Berger 2001, p. 97; Ross 2019, Example 2.18. Casella, George; Berger, Roger L. (2001). Statistical inference. Duxbury Advanced Series (Second edition of 1990 original ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Duxbury. ISBN 0-534-11958-1. Ross, Sheldon M. (2019). Introduction to probability models (Twelfth edition of 1972 original ed.). London: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/C2017-0-01324-1. ISBN 978-0-12-814346-9. MR 3931305.

Casella & Berger 2001, p. 99; Ross 2019, Example 2.20. Casella, George; Berger, Roger L. (2001). Statistical inference. Duxbury Advanced Series (Second edition of 1990 original ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Duxbury. ISBN 0-534-11958-1. Ross, Sheldon M. (2019). Introduction to probability models (Twelfth edition of 1972 original ed.). London: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/C2017-0-01324-1. ISBN 978-0-12-814346-9. MR 3931305.

Billingsley 1995, Example 21.3; Casella & Berger 2001, Example 2.2.2; Ross 2019, Example 2.21. Billingsley, Patrick (1995). Probability and measure. Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics (Third edition of 1979 original ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-00710-2. MR 1324786. Casella, George; Berger, Roger L. (2001). Statistical inference. Duxbury Advanced Series (Second edition of 1990 original ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Duxbury. ISBN 0-534-11958-1. Ross, Sheldon M. (2019). Introduction to probability models (Twelfth edition of 1972 original ed.). London: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/C2017-0-01324-1. ISBN 978-0-12-814346-9. MR 3931305.

Casella & Berger 2001, p. 103; Ross 2019, Example 2.22. Casella, George; Berger, Roger L. (2001). Statistical inference. Duxbury Advanced Series (Second edition of 1990 original ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Duxbury. ISBN 0-534-11958-1. Ross, Sheldon M. (2019). Introduction to probability models (Twelfth edition of 1972 original ed.). London: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/C2017-0-01324-1. ISBN 978-0-12-814346-9. MR 3931305.

Billingsley 1995, Example 21.1; Casella & Berger 2001, p. 103. Billingsley, Patrick (1995). Probability and measure. Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics (Third edition of 1979 original ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-00710-2. MR 1324786. Casella, George; Berger, Roger L. (2001). Statistical inference. Duxbury Advanced Series (Second edition of 1990 original ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Duxbury. ISBN 0-534-11958-1.

Johnson, Kotz & Balakrishnan 1994, Chapter 20. Johnson, Norman L.; Kotz, Samuel; Balakrishnan, N. (1994). Continuous univariate distributions. Volume 1. Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics (Second edition of 1970 original ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-58495-9. MR 1299979.

Feller 1971, Section II.4. Feller, William (1971). An introduction to probability theory and its applications. Volume II (Second edition of 1966 original ed.). New York–London–Sydney: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. MR 0270403.

Feller 1971, Section V.6. Feller, William (1971). An introduction to probability theory and its applications. Volume II (Second edition of 1966 original ed.). New York–London–Sydney: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. MR 0270403.

Feller 1968, Section IX.6; Feller 1971, Section V.7; Papoulis & Pillai 2002, Section 5-4; Ross 2019, Section 2.8. Feller, William (1968). An introduction to probability theory and its applications. Volume I (Third edition of 1950 original ed.). New York–London–Sydney: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. MR 0228020. Feller, William (1971). An introduction to probability theory and its applications. Volume II (Second edition of 1966 original ed.). New York–London–Sydney: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. MR 0270403. Papoulis, Athanasios; Pillai, S. Unnikrishna (2002). Probability, random variables, and stochastic processes (Fourth edition of 1965 original ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-366011-6. (Erratum: [1]) Ross, Sheldon M. (2019). Introduction to probability models (Twelfth edition of 1972 original ed.). London: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/C2017-0-01324-1. ISBN 978-0-12-814346-9. MR 3931305.

Feller 1968, Section IX.6. Feller, William (1968). An introduction to probability theory and its applications. Volume I (Third edition of 1950 original ed.). New York–London–Sydney: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. MR 0228020.

Feller 1968, Section IX.7. Feller, William (1968). An introduction to probability theory and its applications. Volume I (Third edition of 1950 original ed.). New York–London–Sydney: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. MR 0228020.

Feller 1971, Section V.8. Feller, William (1971). An introduction to probability theory and its applications. Volume II (Second edition of 1966 original ed.). New York–London–Sydney: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. MR 0270403.

Billingsley 1995, pp. 81, 277. Billingsley, Patrick (1995). Probability and measure. Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics (Third edition of 1979 original ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-00710-2. MR 1324786.

Billingsley 1995, Section 19. Billingsley, Patrick (1995). Probability and measure. Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics (Third edition of 1979 original ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-00710-2. MR 1324786.

doi.org

History of Probability and Statistics and Their Applications before 1750. Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics. 1990. doi:10.1002/0471725161. ISBN 9780471725169.

Ore, Oystein (1960). "Ore, Pascal and the Invention of Probability Theory". The American Mathematical Monthly. 67 (5): 409–419. doi:10.2307/2309286. JSTOR 2309286.

Uhl, Roland (2023). Charakterisierung des Erwartungswertes am Graphen der Verteilungsfunktion [Characterization of the expected value on the graph of the cumulative distribution function] (PDF). Technische Hochschule Brandenburg. doi:10.25933/opus4-2986. pp. 2–4.

mhhe.com

Papoulis & Pillai 2002, Section 6-4. Papoulis, Athanasios; Pillai, S. Unnikrishna (2002). Probability, random variables, and stochastic processes (Fourth edition of 1965 original ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-366011-6. (Erratum: [1])

probabilitycourse.com

"Expectation | Mean | Average". www.probabilitycourse.com. Retrieved 2020-09-11.

Expected value (English Wikipedia)

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