Expert system (English Wikipedia)

Karp, Richard M. (1972). "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems" (PDF). In Miller, R. E.; Thatcher, J. W. (eds.). Complexity of Computer Computations. New York: Plenum. pp. 85–103. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2020-01-24.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Hurwitz, Judith (2011). Smart or Lucky: How Technology Leaders Turn Chance into Success. John Wiley & Son. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-118-03378-4. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
Dunn, Robert J. (September 30, 1985). "Expandable Expertise for Everyday Users". InfoWorld. 7 (39): 30. Retrieved 2011-03-13.

ccis2k.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Nabil Arman Archived 2012-04-25 at the Wayback Machine, Polytechnic University of Palestine, January 2007, Fault Detection in Dynamic Rule Bases Using Spanning Trees and Disjoin Sets: ""

commons.wikimedia.org (Global: 484^th place; English: 698^th place)

England, David C. (June 1990). An Expert System for the Management of Hazardous Materials at a Naval Supply Center (PDF) (MSc). Naval Postgraduate School Monterey/CA. p. 21. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-10-18. Retrieved 2020-09-01.

computer.org (Global: 6,549^th place; English: 4,616^th place)

Salvaneschi, Paolo; Cadei, Mauro; Lazzari, Marco (1996). "Applying AI to structural safety monitoring and evaluation". IEEE Expert. 11 (4): 24–34. Bibcode:1996IExp...11...24S. doi:10.1109/64.511774. Archived from the original on 5 March 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
Song, Il-Yeol; Strum, S. D.; Medsker, Carl J. (1991). "Design and implementation of a database design aid using VP-Expert". [1991] Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Developing and Managing Expert System Programs. IEEE. pp. 15–23. doi:10.1109/DMESP.1991.171764. ISBN 0-8186-2250-4. Archived from the original on 2024-12-15. Retrieved 2025-09-28.

computerhistory.org (Global: 2,702^nd place; English: 1,789^th place)

"The IBM PC - CHM Revolution". www.computerhistory.org. Archived from the original on 2024-01-26. Retrieved 2024-01-26.

cwi.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

ir.cwi.nl

Bezem M (1988). "Consistency of rule-based expert systems". Archived copy (PDF). 9th International Conference on Automated Deduction. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 310. pp. 151–161. doi:10.1007/BFb0012830. ISBN 3-540-19343-X. Archived from the original on 2020-10-23. Retrieved 2020-08-30.{{cite conference}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

datamation.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Haskin, David (January 16, 2003). "Years After Hype, 'Expert Systems' Paying Off for Some". Datamation. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2013.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Yanase J, Triantaphyllou E (2019). "A Systematic Survey of Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Medicine: Past and Present Developments". Expert Systems with Applications. 138 112821. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2019.112821. S2CID 199019309.
Ledley RS, and Lusted LB (1959). "Reasoning foundations of medical diagnosis". Science. 130 (3366): 9–21. Bibcode:1959Sci...130....9L. doi:10.1126/science.130.3366.9. PMID 13668531.
Weiss SM, Kulikowski CA, Amarel S, Safir A (1978). "A model-based method for computer-aided medical decision-making". Artificial Intelligence. 11 (1–2): 145–172. doi:10.1016/0004-3702(78)90015-2.
Schwartz WB (1970). "Medicine and the computer: the promise and problems of change". New England Journal of Medicine. 283 (23): 1257–1264. doi:10.1056/NEJM197012032832305. PMID 4920342.
Bleich HL (1972). "Computer-based consultation: Electrolyte and acid-base disorders". The American Journal of Medicine. 53 (3): 285–291. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(72)90170-2. PMID 4559984.
Rosati RA, McNeer JF, Starmer CF, Mittler BS, Morris JJ, and Wallace AG (1975). "A new information system for medical practice". Archives of Internal Medicine. 135 (8): 1017–1024. doi:10.1001/archinte.1975.00330080019003. PMID 1156062.
Gorry GA, Kassirer JP, Essig A, and Schwartz WB (1973). "Decision analysis as the basis for computer-aided management of acute renal failure". The American Journal of Medicine. 55 (4): 473–484. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(73)90204-0. PMID 4582702. S2CID 17448496.
Szolovits P, Patil RS, and Schwartz WB (1988). "Artificial intelligence in medical diagnosis". Annals of Internal Medicine. 108 (1): 80–87. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-108-1-80. PMID 3276267. S2CID 46410202.
Shortliffe EH, and Buchanan BG (1975). "A model of inexact reasoning in medicine". Mathematical Biosciences. 23 (3–4): 351–379. doi:10.1016/0025-5564(75)90047-4. S2CID 118063112.
Miller RA, Pople Jr HE, and Myers JD (1982). "Internist-I, an experimental computer-based diagnostic consultant for general internal medicine". New England Journal of Medicine. 307 (8): 468–476. doi:10.1056/NEJM198208193070803. PMID 7048091.
M.J. Sergot and F. Sadri and R.A. Kowalski and F. Kriwaczek and P. Hammond and H.T. Cory (May 1986). "The British Nationality Act as a Logic Program". Communications of the ACM. 29 (5): 370–386. doi:10.1145/5689.5920.
Romem, Yoram (2007). "The Social Construction of Expert Systems". Human Systems Management. 26 (4): 291–309. doi:10.3233/HSM-2007-26406.
Zhao, Kai; Ying, Shi; Zhang, Linlin; Hu, Luokai (9–10 Oct 2010). "Achieving business process and business rules integration using SPL". 2010 International Conference on Future Information Technology and Management Engineering. Vol. 2. IEEE. pp. 329–332. doi:10.1109/fitme.2010.5656297. ISBN 978-1-4244-9087-5.
Kiryanov, Denis Aleksandrovich (2021-12-21). "Hybrid categorical expert system for use in content aggregation". Software Systems and Computational Methods (4): 1–22. doi:10.7256/2454-0714.2021.4.37019. ISSN 2454-0714. S2CID 245498498.
MacGregor, Robert (June 1991). "Using a description classifier to enhance knowledge representation". IEEE Expert. 6 (3): 41–46. Bibcode:1991IExp....6...41M. doi:10.1109/64.87683. S2CID 29575443.
Berners-Lee, Tim; Hendler, James; Lassila, Ora (May 17, 2001). "The Semantic Web A new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities". Scientific American. 284 (5): 34–43. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0501-34. Archived from the original on April 24, 2013.
Wong, Bo K.; Monaco, John A.; Monaco (September 1995). "Expert system applications in business: a review and analysis of the literature". Information and Management. 29 (3): 141–152. doi:10.1016/0378-7206(95)00023-p. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
Bezem M (1988). "Consistency of rule-based expert systems". Archived copy (PDF). 9th International Conference on Automated Deduction. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 310. pp. 151–161. doi:10.1007/BFb0012830. ISBN 3-540-19343-X. Archived from the original on 2020-10-23. Retrieved 2020-08-30.{{cite conference}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Mak B, Schmitt BH, and Lyytinen K (1997). "User participation in knowledge update of expert systems". Information & Management. 32 (2): 55–63. doi:10.1016/S0378-7206(96)00010-9.
Pham HN, Triantaphyllou E (2008). "The Impact of Overfitting and Overgeneralization on the Classification Accuracy in Data Mining". Soft Computing for Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. pp. 391–431. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-69935-6_16. ISBN 978-0-387-69934-9. S2CID 12628921. Archived from the original on 2023-07-05. Retrieved 2023-07-23.
Shan N, and Ziarko W (1995). "Data-based acquisition and incremental modification of classification rules". Computational Intelligence. 11 (2): 357–370. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00038.x. S2CID 38974914.
Hendriks PH, and Vriens DJ (1999). "Knowledge-based systems and knowledge management: friends or foes?". Information & Management. 35 (2): 113–125. doi:10.1016/S0378-7206(98)00080-9. hdl:2066/240554. Archived from the original on 2024-04-19. Retrieved 2024-02-20.
Yanase J, Triantaphyllou E (2019). "The Seven Key Challenges for the Future of Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Medicine". International Journal of Medical Informatics. 129: 413–422. doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.06.017. PMID 31445285. S2CID 198287435. Retrieved 2026-06-01.
Woolery, L.K.; Grzymala-Busse, J. (1994). "Machine learning for an expert system to predict preterm birth risk". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 1 (6): 439–446. doi:10.1136/jamia.1994.95153433. PMC 116227. PMID 7850569.
Salvaneschi, Paolo; Cadei, Mauro; Lazzari, Marco (1996). "Applying AI to structural safety monitoring and evaluation". IEEE Expert. 11 (4): 24–34. Bibcode:1996IExp...11...24S. doi:10.1109/64.511774. Archived from the original on 5 March 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
Lazzari, Marco; Salvaneschi, Paolo (1999). "Embedding a geographic information system in a decision support system for landslide hazard monitoring" (PDF). International Journal of Natural Hazards. 20 (2–3): 185–195. Bibcode:1999NatHa..20..185L. doi:10.1023/A:1008187024768. S2CID 1746570. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-10-17. Retrieved 2014-10-12.
Lancini, Stefano; Lazzari, Marco; Masera, Alberto; Salvaneschi, Paolo (1997). "Diagnosing Ancient Monuments with Expert Software" (PDF). Structural Engineering International. 7 (4): 288–291. doi:10.2749/101686697780494392. S2CID 8113173. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-04-13. Retrieved 2014-10-12.
Buchanan, B. (1986). "Expert systems: working systems and the research literature". Expert Systems. 3 (1): 32–51. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1986.tb00192.x.
Song, Il-Yeol; Strum, S. D.; Medsker, Carl J. (1991). "Design and implementation of a database design aid using VP-Expert". [1991] Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Developing and Managing Expert System Programs. IEEE. pp. 15–23. doi:10.1109/DMESP.1991.171764. ISBN 0-8186-2250-4. Archived from the original on 2024-12-15. Retrieved 2025-09-28.
Kwak, S. H. (1990). "A mission planning expert system for an autonomous underwater vehicle". Symposium on Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Technology. pp. 123–128. doi:10.1109/AUV.1990.110446. S2CID 60476847.
Haddawy, P; Suebnukarn, S. (2010). "Intelligent Clinical Training Systems". Methods Inf Med. 49 (4): 388–9. doi:10.1055/s-0038-1625342. PMID 20686730. S2CID 11903941.

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

"A short history of AI". The Economist. 2024-07-16. Archived from the original on 2024-08-13. Retrieved 2024-08-14.

ejlt.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Leith, P. (2010). "The rise and fall of the legal expert system". European Journal of Law and Technology. 1 (1). Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2020-01-24.

freepatentsonline.com (Global: 7,823^rd place; English: 5,787^th place)

Hofmeister, Alan (1994). "SMH.PAL: an expert system for identifying treatment procedures for students with severe disabilities". Exceptional Children. 61 (2). Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2013.

gregstanleyandassociates.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Stanley, G.M. (July 15–17, 1991). "Experience Using Knowledge-Based Reasoning in Real Time Process Control" (PDF). Plenary Paper Presented at: International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) Symposium on Compute R Aided Design in Control Systems. Retrieved 3 December 2013.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Hendriks PH, and Vriens DJ (1999). "Knowledge-based systems and knowledge management: friends or foes?". Information & Management. 35 (2): 113–125. doi:10.1016/S0378-7206(98)00080-9. hdl:2066/240554. Archived from the original on 2024-04-19. Retrieved 2024-02-20.

informationweek.com (Global: 6,678^th place; English: 4,598^th place)

Voelker, Michael P. (October 18, 2005). "Business Makes the Rules". Information Week. Archived from the original on December 23, 2022. Retrieved December 23, 2022.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Coats PK (1988). "Why expert systems fail". Financial Management. 17 (3): 77–86. JSTOR 3666074.

lsu.edu (Global: 2,856^th place; English: 1,830^th place)

digitalcommons.lsu.edu

Yanase J, Triantaphyllou E (2019). "A Systematic Survey of Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Medicine: Past and Present Developments". Expert Systems with Applications. 138 112821. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2019.112821. S2CID 199019309.
Pham HN, Triantaphyllou E (2008). "The Impact of Overfitting and Overgeneralization on the Classification Accuracy in Data Mining". Soft Computing for Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. pp. 391–431. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-69935-6_16. ISBN 978-0-387-69934-9. S2CID 12628921. Archived from the original on 2023-07-05. Retrieved 2023-07-23.
Yanase J, Triantaphyllou E (2019). "The Seven Key Challenges for the Future of Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Medicine". International Journal of Medical Informatics. 129: 413–422. doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.06.017. PMID 31445285. S2CID 198287435. Retrieved 2026-06-01.

medium.com (Global: 651^st place; English: 479^th place)

medium.com

Joseph, Staney (2023-10-30). "The Diversity of Artificial Intelligence: How Edward Feigenbaum Developed the Expert Systems". Medium. Archived from the original on 2024-01-26. Retrieved 2024-01-26.

lance-eliot.medium.com

Eliot, Lance (17 April 2021), "AI & Law: British Nationality Act Unexpectedly Spurred AI And Law", Medium, retrieved 2023-11-13

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ledley RS, and Lusted LB (1959). "Reasoning foundations of medical diagnosis". Science. 130 (3366): 9–21. Bibcode:1959Sci...130....9L. doi:10.1126/science.130.3366.9. PMID 13668531.
Schwartz WB (1970). "Medicine and the computer: the promise and problems of change". New England Journal of Medicine. 283 (23): 1257–1264. doi:10.1056/NEJM197012032832305. PMID 4920342.
Bleich HL (1972). "Computer-based consultation: Electrolyte and acid-base disorders". The American Journal of Medicine. 53 (3): 285–291. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(72)90170-2. PMID 4559984.
Rosati RA, McNeer JF, Starmer CF, Mittler BS, Morris JJ, and Wallace AG (1975). "A new information system for medical practice". Archives of Internal Medicine. 135 (8): 1017–1024. doi:10.1001/archinte.1975.00330080019003. PMID 1156062.
Gorry GA, Kassirer JP, Essig A, and Schwartz WB (1973). "Decision analysis as the basis for computer-aided management of acute renal failure". The American Journal of Medicine. 55 (4): 473–484. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(73)90204-0. PMID 4582702. S2CID 17448496.
Szolovits P, Patil RS, and Schwartz WB (1988). "Artificial intelligence in medical diagnosis". Annals of Internal Medicine. 108 (1): 80–87. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-108-1-80. PMID 3276267. S2CID 46410202.
Miller RA, Pople Jr HE, and Myers JD (1982). "Internist-I, an experimental computer-based diagnostic consultant for general internal medicine". New England Journal of Medicine. 307 (8): 468–476. doi:10.1056/NEJM198208193070803. PMID 7048091.
Yanase J, Triantaphyllou E (2019). "The Seven Key Challenges for the Future of Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Medicine". International Journal of Medical Informatics. 129: 413–422. doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.06.017. PMID 31445285. S2CID 198287435. Retrieved 2026-06-01.
Woolery, L.K.; Grzymala-Busse, J. (1994). "Machine learning for an expert system to predict preterm birth risk". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 1 (6): 439–446. doi:10.1136/jamia.1994.95153433. PMC 116227. PMID 7850569.
Haddawy, P; Suebnukarn, S. (2010). "Intelligent Clinical Training Systems". Methods Inf Med. 49 (4): 388–9. doi:10.1055/s-0038-1625342. PMID 20686730. S2CID 11903941.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Woolery, L.K.; Grzymala-Busse, J. (1994). "Machine learning for an expert system to predict preterm birth risk". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 1 (6): 439–446. doi:10.1136/jamia.1994.95153433. PMC 116227. PMID 7850569.

ojp.gov (Global: 6,739^th place; English: 3,639^th place)

Investigating with APES (Augmented Prolog Expert System), archived from the original on 2024-01-03, retrieved 2024-01-03

pcmag.com (Global: 1,442^nd place; English: 915^th place)

"Conventional programming". Pcmag.com. Archived from the original on 2012-10-14. Retrieved 2013-09-15.

pega.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Nelson, W. R. (1982). "REACTOR: An Expert System for Diagnosis and Treatment of Nuclear Reactors". AAAI. 82: Proceedings of the Second AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence: 296–301. Archived from the original on 2023-03-11. Retrieved 2023-03-11.

reidgsmith.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

Romem, Yoram (2007). "The Social Construction of Expert Systems". Human Systems Management. 26 (4): 291–309. doi:10.3233/HSM-2007-26406.
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rtu.lv (Global: low place; English: low place)

stpk.cs.rtu.lv

Russell, Stuart; Norvig, Peter (1995). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (PDF). Simon & Schuster. pp. 22–23. ISBN 978-0-13-103805-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 14 June 2014.

ru.nl (Global: 7,619^th place; English: 6,271^st place)

repository.ubn.ru.nl

Hendriks PH, and Vriens DJ (1999). "Knowledge-based systems and knowledge management: friends or foes?". Information & Management. 35 (2): 113–125. doi:10.1016/S0378-7206(98)00080-9. hdl:2066/240554. Archived from the original on 2024-04-19. Retrieved 2024-02-20.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Yanase J, Triantaphyllou E (2019). "A Systematic Survey of Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Medicine: Past and Present Developments". Expert Systems with Applications. 138 112821. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2019.112821. S2CID 199019309.
Gorry GA, Kassirer JP, Essig A, and Schwartz WB (1973). "Decision analysis as the basis for computer-aided management of acute renal failure". The American Journal of Medicine. 55 (4): 473–484. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(73)90204-0. PMID 4582702. S2CID 17448496.
Szolovits P, Patil RS, and Schwartz WB (1988). "Artificial intelligence in medical diagnosis". Annals of Internal Medicine. 108 (1): 80–87. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-108-1-80. PMID 3276267. S2CID 46410202.
Shortliffe EH, and Buchanan BG (1975). "A model of inexact reasoning in medicine". Mathematical Biosciences. 23 (3–4): 351–379. doi:10.1016/0025-5564(75)90047-4. S2CID 118063112.
Kiryanov, Denis Aleksandrovich (2021-12-21). "Hybrid categorical expert system for use in content aggregation". Software Systems and Computational Methods (4): 1–22. doi:10.7256/2454-0714.2021.4.37019. ISSN 2454-0714. S2CID 245498498.
MacGregor, Robert (June 1991). "Using a description classifier to enhance knowledge representation". IEEE Expert. 6 (3): 41–46. Bibcode:1991IExp....6...41M. doi:10.1109/64.87683. S2CID 29575443.
Pham HN, Triantaphyllou E (2008). "The Impact of Overfitting and Overgeneralization on the Classification Accuracy in Data Mining". Soft Computing for Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. pp. 391–431. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-69935-6_16. ISBN 978-0-387-69934-9. S2CID 12628921. Archived from the original on 2023-07-05. Retrieved 2023-07-23.
Shan N, and Ziarko W (1995). "Data-based acquisition and incremental modification of classification rules". Computational Intelligence. 11 (2): 357–370. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00038.x. S2CID 38974914.
Yanase J, Triantaphyllou E (2019). "The Seven Key Challenges for the Future of Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Medicine". International Journal of Medical Informatics. 129: 413–422. doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.06.017. PMID 31445285. S2CID 198287435. Retrieved 2026-06-01.
Lazzari, Marco; Salvaneschi, Paolo (1999). "Embedding a geographic information system in a decision support system for landslide hazard monitoring" (PDF). International Journal of Natural Hazards. 20 (2–3): 185–195. Bibcode:1999NatHa..20..185L. doi:10.1023/A:1008187024768. S2CID 1746570. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-10-17. Retrieved 2014-10-12.
Lancini, Stefano; Lazzari, Marco; Masera, Alberto; Salvaneschi, Paolo (1997). "Diagnosing Ancient Monuments with Expert Software" (PDF). Structural Engineering International. 7 (4): 288–291. doi:10.2749/101686697780494392. S2CID 8113173. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-04-13. Retrieved 2014-10-12.
Kwak, S. H. (1990). "A mission planning expert system for an autonomous underwater vehicle". Symposium on Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Technology. pp. 123–128. doi:10.1109/AUV.1990.110446. S2CID 60476847.
Haddawy, P; Suebnukarn, S. (2010). "Intelligent Clinical Training Systems". Methods Inf Med. 49 (4): 388–9. doi:10.1055/s-0038-1625342. PMID 20686730. S2CID 11903941.

sys-con.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

laszlo.sys-con.com

SAP News Desk. "SAP News Desk IntelliCorp Announces Participation in SAP EcoHub". laszlo.sys-con.com. LaszloTrack. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2013.

ulg.ac.be (Global: 8,753^rd place; English: 9,353^rd place)

promethee.philo.ulg.ac.be

A. Michiels Archived 2012-04-02 at the Wayback Machine, Université de Liège, Belgique: "PROLOG, the first declarative language

umd.edu (Global: 1,356^th place; English: 1,172^nd place)

cs.umd.edu

Berners-Lee, Tim; Hendler, James; Lassila, Ora (May 17, 2001). "The Semantic Web A new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities". Scientific American. 284 (5): 34–43. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0501-34. Archived from the original on April 24, 2013.

unibg.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

dinamico2.unibg.it

Lazzari, Marco; Salvaneschi, Paolo (1999). "Embedding a geographic information system in a decision support system for landslide hazard monitoring" (PDF). International Journal of Natural Hazards. 20 (2–3): 185–195. Bibcode:1999NatHa..20..185L. doi:10.1023/A:1008187024768. S2CID 1746570. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-10-17. Retrieved 2014-10-12.
Lancini, Stefano; Lazzari, Marco; Masera, Alberto; Salvaneschi, Paolo (1997). "Diagnosing Ancient Monuments with Expert Software" (PDF). Structural Engineering International. 7 (4): 288–291. doi:10.2749/101686697780494392. S2CID 8113173. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-04-13. Retrieved 2014-10-12.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Conventional programming". Pcmag.com. Archived from the original on 2012-10-14. Retrieved 2013-09-15.
Russell, Stuart; Norvig, Peter (1995). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (PDF). Simon & Schuster. pp. 22–23. ISBN 978-0-13-103805-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
"A short history of AI". The Economist. 2024-07-16. Archived from the original on 2024-08-13. Retrieved 2024-08-14.
Joseph, Staney (2023-10-30). "The Diversity of Artificial Intelligence: How Edward Feigenbaum Developed the Expert Systems". Medium. Archived from the original on 2024-01-26. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
A. Michiels Archived 2012-04-02 at the Wayback Machine, Université de Liège, Belgique: "PROLOG, the first declarative language
Investigating with APES (Augmented Prolog Expert System), archived from the original on 2024-01-03, retrieved 2024-01-03
"The IBM PC - CHM Revolution". www.computerhistory.org. Archived from the original on 2024-01-26. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
Karp, Richard M. (1972). "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems" (PDF). In Miller, R. E.; Thatcher, J. W. (eds.). Complexity of Computer Computations. New York: Plenum. pp. 85–103. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2020-01-24.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
"AI Expert Newsletter: W is for Winter". Archived from the original on 2013-11-09. Retrieved 2013-11-29.
Leith, P. (2010). "The rise and fall of the legal expert system". European Journal of Law and Technology. 1 (1). Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2020-01-24.
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