Exploitation of women in mass media (English Wikipedia)

Jennifer Siebel Newsom (writer / director, Miss Representation), Margaret Cho (performer), Katie Couric (performer), Regina Kulik Scully, Geralyn Dreyfous, Sarah Johnson Redlich (2011). Campus sexual violence (DVD). USA: Health.arizona. Campus Health. Pdf. Archived 2010-06-18 at the Wayback Machine

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Blake Ellis; Melanie Hicken (15 May 2016). "Rape, drugs and porn: Modeling scams thrive amid lack of regulation". CNNMoney.
Blake Ellis; Melanie Hicken (2016-05-04). "How the modeling industry exploits young and vulnerable workers". CNNMoney. Retrieved 2019-02-25.

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Frith, Katherine; Shaw, Ping; Cheng, Hong (March 2005). "The construction of beauty: a cross-cultural analysis of women's magazine advertising". Journal of Communication. 55 (1): 56–70. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2005.tb02658.x.
Kang, Mee-Eun (December 1997). "The portrayal of women's images in magazine advertisements: Goffman's gender analysis revisited". Sex Roles. 37 (11–12): 979–996. doi:10.1007/BF02936350. S2CID 143751319.
Lindner, Katharina (October 2004). "Images of Women in General Interest and Fashion Magazine Advertisements from 1955 to 2002". Sex Roles. 51 (7/8): 409–421. doi:10.1023/B:SERS.0000049230.86869.4d. S2CID 143798819.
Hatton, Erin; Trautner, Mary Nell (September 2011). "Equal Opportunity Objectification? The Sexualization of Men and Women on the Cover of Rolling Stone". Sexuality & Culture. 15 (3): 256–278. doi:10.1007/s12119-011-9093-2. S2CID 16049228.
Stankiewicz, Julie M.; Rosselli, Francine (2008). "Women as Sex Objects and Victims in Print Advertisements". Sex Roles. 58 (7–8): 579–89. doi:10.1007/s11199-007-9359-1. S2CID 143452062.
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Shepherd, Daniel; Sigg, Nicola (2015-06-01). "Music Preference, Social Identity, and Self-Esteem". Music Perception. 32 (5): 507–514. doi:10.1525/mp.2015.32.5.507. ISSN 0730-7829.
Diamond, Sarah; Bermudez, Rey; Schensul, Jean (May 2006). "What's the Rap About Ecstasy? Popular Music Lyrics and Drug Trends Among American Youth". Journal of Adolescent Research. 21 (3): 269–298. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.862.34. doi:10.1177/0743558406287398. S2CID 145343348.
Gan, Su-Lin; Zillmann, Dolf; Mitrook, Michael (September 1997). "Stereotyping effect of black women's sexual rap on white audiences". Basic and Applied Social Psychology. 19 (3): 381–399. doi:10.1207/s15324834basp1903_7.
Zhang, Yuanyuan; Miller, Laura E.; Harrison, Kristen (August 2008). "The relationship between exposure to sexual music videos and young adults' sexual attitudes". Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. 52 (3): 368–386. doi:10.1080/08838150802205462. S2CID 143019830.
Svedina, Carl Göran; Åkermana, Ingrid; Priebeb, Gisela (2 October 2010). "Frequent users of pornography. A population based epidemiological study of Swedish male adolescents". Journal of Adolescence. 34 (4): 779–788. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.04.010. PMID 20888038.
Tylka, Tracy L.; Diest, Ashley M. Kroon Van (February 6, 2014). "You Looking at Her "Hot" Body May Not be "Cool" for Me Integrating Male Partners' Pornography Use into Objectification Theory for Women". Psychology of Women Quarterly. 39: 67–84. doi:10.1177/0361684314521784. S2CID 19524431.
Bergner, R. M.; Bridges, A. J. (2002). "The significance of heavy pornography involvement for romantic partners: Research and clinical implications". Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. 28 (3): 193–206. doi:10.1080/009262302760328235. PMID 11995598. S2CID 34475289.
Miller-Young, Mireille (2014-12-08). A Taste for Brown Sugar. Duke University Press. doi:10.1515/9780822375913. ISBN 978-0-8223-7591-3.
Valkenburg, Patti; Peter, Jochen; Schouten, Alexander P. (October 2006). "Friend Networking Sites and Their Relationship to Adolescents' Well-Being and Social Self-Esteem". Cyberpsychology & Behavior. 9 (5): 584–90. doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9.584. PMID 17034326. S2CID 32202748.
Zhao, Xinyan; Zhan, Mengqi; Liu, Brooke F. (2018). "Disentangling social media influence in crises: Testing a four-factor model of social media influence with large data". Public Relations Review. 44 (4): 549–561. doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.08.002. S2CID 158260432.
Zhao, Xinyan (2018). "Disentangling social media influence in crises: Testing a four-factor model of social media influence with large data". Public Relations Review. 44 (4): 549–561. doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.08.002. S2CID 158260432.
M. F. van Oosten, Johanna (2017). "Gender roles on social networking sites: investigating reciprocal relationships between Dutch adolescents' hypermasculinity and hyperfemininity and sexy online self-presentations". Journal of Children and Media. 11 (2): 147–166. doi:10.1080/17482798.2017.1304970. hdl:10067/1443370151162165141.
Cohen, Rachel; Fardouly, Jasmine; Newton-John, Toby; Slater, Amy (July 2019). "#BoPo on Instagram: An experimental investigation of the effects of viewing body positive content on young women's mood and body image". New Media & Society. 21 (7): 1546–1564. doi:10.1177/1461444819826530. hdl:10453/134569. ISSN 1461-4448.
Simpson, Courtney C.; Mazzeo, Suzanne E. (2017-05-04). "Skinny Is Not Enough: A Content Analysis of Fitspiration on Pinterest". Health Communication. 32 (5): 560–567. doi:10.1080/10410236.2016.1140273. ISSN 1041-0236. PMID 27326747.
Rosita, Lisa; Hariyati, Farida; Akbari, Deni Adha; Agustini, Vilya Dwi (2023-04-08). "Implementation of Integrated Marketing Communication for ERIGO Brand Through Instagram". Technium Social Sciences Journal. 42: 63–75. doi:10.47577/tssj.v42i1.8604. ISSN 2668-7798.
Davis, Stefanie E (July 2018). "Objectification, Sexualization, and Misrepresentation: Social Media and the College Experience". Social Media + Society. 4 (3): 205630511878672. doi:10.1177/2056305118786727. ISSN 2056-3051. S2CID 149688285.
Beck, Victoria Simpson; Boys, Stephanie; Rose, Christopher; Beck, Eric (April 30, 2012). "Violence Against Women in Video Games A Prequel or Sequel to Rape Myth Acceptance?". Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 27 (15): 3016–3031. doi:10.1177/0886260512441078. PMID 22550147. S2CID 1619531.
Mastro, Dana; Behm-Morawitz, Elizabeth (2009). "The Effects of the Sexualization of Female Video Game Characters on Gender Stereotyping and Female Self-Concept". Sex Roles. 61 (11–12): 808–823. doi:10.1007/s11199-009-9683-8. S2CID 146385940. Archived from the original on 2020-11-20. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
Ferguson, Christopher J. (21 June 2017). "Are Associations Between "Sexist" Video Games and Decreased Empathy Toward Women Robust? A Reanalysis of Gabbiadini et al. 2016". Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 46 (12): 2446–2459. doi:10.1007/s10964-017-0700-x. PMID 28639206. S2CID 4240679.
Stermer, S. Paul; Burkley, Melissa (2015). "SeX-Box: Exposure to Sexist Video Games Predicts Benevolent Sexism". Psychology of Popular Media Culture. 4 (1): 47–55. doi:10.1037/a0028397. S2CID 19415362.
Gabriel Chong, Yew Mun; Scott Teng, Kie Zin; Amy Siew, Sok Cheng; Skoric, Marko M. (2012). "Cultivation Effects of Video Games: A Longer-Term Experimental Test of First- and Second-Order Effects". Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 31 (9): 952–971. doi:10.1521/jscp.2012.31.9.952.
Laura R. Ramsey and Tiffany Hoyt (2015). "The Object of Desire: How Being Objectified Creates Sexual Pressure for Women in Heterosexual Relationships". Psychology of Women Quarterly. 39 (2): 151–170. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.909.6615. doi:10.1177/0361684314544679. S2CID 53990739. Several studies have shown that viewing objectifying media perpetuates violence against women. For example, men who viewed nonviolent scenes from a movie that portrayed the objectification of women were more likely to perceive a date rape victim as enjoying her rape and being partly responsible for it occurring, compared to men who viewed a control video of a cartoon (Milburn, Mather, & Conrad, 2000). Similarly, objectification in video games causes increased rape myth acceptance among men (Beck, Boys, Rose, & Beck, 2012). Perhaps even more starkly, aggressive erotica has been experimentally shown to increase aggression toward a female target (Donnerstein, 1980).
Fox, Jesse; Potocki, Bridget (2016). "Lifetime Video Game Consumption, Interpersonal Aggression, Hostile Sexism, and Rape Myth Acceptance". Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 31 (10): 1912–1931. doi:10.1177/0886260515570747. PMID 25681166. S2CID 2266262.
Fredrickson, Barbara L.; Roberts, Tomi-Ann (June 1997). "Objectification theory: toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks". Psychology of Women Quarterly. 21 (2): 173–206. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x. S2CID 145272074.
Muehlenkamp, Jennifer J.; Saris–Baglama, Renee N. (10 Jan 2003). "Self–Objectification and its Psychological Outcomes for College Women". Psychology of Women Quarterly. 26 (4): 371–379. doi:10.1111/1471-6402.t01-1-00076. S2CID 143597123.
Tiggemann, Marika (2011). "Mental health risks of self-objectification: A review of the empirical evidence for disordered eating, depressed mood, and sexual dysfunction". Self-objectification in women: Causes, consequences, and counteractions. pp. 139–159. doi:10.1037/12304-007. ISBN 978-1-4338-0798-5.
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Koeman, Joyce (December 2009). "The Lolita Effect: The Media Sexualization of Young Girls and What We Can Do About It - by Meenakshi Gigi Durham". Communication, Culture & Critique. 2 (4): 538–540. doi:10.1111/j.1753-9137.2009.01050.x. ISSN 1753-9129.
McDade-Montez, Elizabeth (July 2017). "Sexualization in US Latina and White Girls' Preferred Children's Television Programs". Sex Roles. 77 (1–2): 1–15. doi:10.1007/s11199-016-0692-0. S2CID 151912583.
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Zillmann, Dolf (June 1986). Effects of prolonged consumption of pornography. United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General. Arlington, Virginia. Archived from the original on July 2, 2003. Retrieved 14 March 2013. Pdf.
Mastro, Dana; Behm-Morawitz, Elizabeth (2009). "The Effects of the Sexualization of Female Video Game Characters on Gender Stereotyping and Female Self-Concept". Sex Roles. 61 (11–12): 808–823. doi:10.1007/s11199-009-9683-8. S2CID 146385940. Archived from the original on 2020-11-20. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
Jennifer Siebel Newsom (writer / director, Miss Representation), Margaret Cho (performer), Katie Couric (performer), Regina Kulik Scully, Geralyn Dreyfous, Sarah Johnson Redlich (2011). Campus sexual violence (DVD). USA: Health.arizona. Campus Health. Pdf. Archived 2010-06-18 at the Wayback Machine
Kutchinsky, Berl (1970). Studies on pornography and sex crimes in Denmark. New social science monographs. United States: Nyt fra Samfundsvidenskaberne, eksp. OCLC 155896. Online. Archived October 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
"Dr. James Dobson". The Interim: Canada's life and family newspaper. Toronto, Canada: via True Media. 12 January 1997. Archived from the original on 28 October 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
Holz, Adam R. (2007). "Is average the new ugly?". Plugged In Online. Focus on the Family. Archived from the original on 2012-02-23.
National Coalition for the Protection of Children & Families (July 1997). "Subtle Dangers of Pornography (special report by the National Coalition for the Protection of Children & Families)". Pure Intimacy (website). Focus on the Family. Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
Shalit, Wendy (2000). "Modesty revisited". orthodoxytoday.org. Fr. Johannes Jacobse. Archived from the original on 2018-10-28. Retrieved 2015-09-07.

womensmediacenter.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Solomn, Faatimah. "The Exploitation Of Women Of Color In Music Videos Needs To End". Women's Media Center.
September 02; Arts, 2022 | Celeste Huang-Menders |; culture. "50 Years Ago, an Indigenous Woman Was Vilified at the Oscars. She Finally Got Her Apology - Women's Media Center". womensmediacenter.com. Retrieved 2022-10-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

"Sex sells!: the media's journey from repression to obsession". Choice Reviews Online. 43 (5): 43–2641–43-2641. 2006-01-01. doi:10.5860/choice.43-2641 (inactive 1 July 2025). ISSN 0009-4978.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
Selisker, Scott (2015). "The Bechdel Test and the Social Form of Character Networks". New Literary History. 46 (3): 505–523. doi:10.1353/nlh.2015.0024. ISSN 0028-6087. JSTOR 24542676.
Ford, Liz (2019-10-01). "Geena Davis: 'damaging stereotypes' on screen limit women's aspirations". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
Council on Communications and Media (2009-11-01). "Impact of Music, Music Lyrics, and Music Videos on Children and Youth". Pediatrics. 124 (5): 1488–1494. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-2145. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 19841124.
Anderson, Craig A.; Carnagey, Nicholas L.; Eubanks, Janie (2003). "Exposure to violent media: The effects of songs with violent lyrics on aggressive thoughts and feelings". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 84 (5): 960–971. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.686.4585. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.5.960. ISSN 1939-1315. PMID 12757141.
Shepherd, Daniel; Sigg, Nicola (2015-06-01). "Music Preference, Social Identity, and Self-Esteem". Music Perception. 32 (5): 507–514. doi:10.1525/mp.2015.32.5.507. ISSN 0730-7829.
Cohen, Rachel; Fardouly, Jasmine; Newton-John, Toby; Slater, Amy (July 2019). "#BoPo on Instagram: An experimental investigation of the effects of viewing body positive content on young women's mood and body image". New Media & Society. 21 (7): 1546–1564. doi:10.1177/1461444819826530. hdl:10453/134569. ISSN 1461-4448.
Simpson, Courtney C.; Mazzeo, Suzanne E. (2017-05-04). "Skinny Is Not Enough: A Content Analysis of Fitspiration on Pinterest". Health Communication. 32 (5): 560–567. doi:10.1080/10410236.2016.1140273. ISSN 1041-0236. PMID 27326747.
Rosita, Lisa; Hariyati, Farida; Akbari, Deni Adha; Agustini, Vilya Dwi (2023-04-08). "Implementation of Integrated Marketing Communication for ERIGO Brand Through Instagram". Technium Social Sciences Journal. 42: 63–75. doi:10.47577/tssj.v42i1.8604. ISSN 2668-7798.
Davis, Stefanie E (July 2018). "Objectification, Sexualization, and Misrepresentation: Social Media and the College Experience". Social Media + Society. 4 (3): 205630511878672. doi:10.1177/2056305118786727. ISSN 2056-3051. S2CID 149688285.
Spettigue, Wendy; Henderson, Katherine A. (Winter 2004). "Eating Disorders and the Role of the Media". The Canadian Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Review. 13 (1): 16–19. ISSN 1716-9119. PMC 2533817. PMID 19030149.
Moreno-Domínguez, Silvia; Servián-Franco, Fátima; Reyes del Paso, Gustavo A.; Cepeda-Benito, Antonio (2019-05-01). "Images of Thin and Plus-Size Models Produce Opposite Effects on Women's Body Image, Body Dissatisfaction, and Anxiety". Sex Roles. 80 (9): 607–616. doi:10.1007/s11199-018-0951-3. ISSN 1573-2762. S2CID 150314017.
Koeman, Joyce (December 2009). "The Lolita Effect: The Media Sexualization of Young Girls and What We Can Do About It - by Meenakshi Gigi Durham". Communication, Culture & Critique. 2 (4): 538–540. doi:10.1111/j.1753-9137.2009.01050.x. ISSN 1753-9129.
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"Women and the media: diverse perspectives". Choice Reviews Online. 43 (1): 43–0125–43–0125. 2005-09-01. doi:10.5860/choice.43-0125 (inactive 1 July 2025). ISSN 0009-4978.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
Hazell, Vanessa; Clarke, Juanne (2008). "Race and Gender in the Media: A Content Analysis of Advertisements in Two Mainstream Black Magazines". Journal of Black Studies. 39 (1): 5–21. doi:10.1177/0021934706291402. ISSN 0021-9347. JSTOR 40282545. S2CID 144876832.
Kumar, Saurav (2022-07-18). "'No Country for Old Women': Female Aging in Bollywood". Indian Journal of Gender Studies. 29 (3): 335–352. doi:10.1177/09715215221111137. ISSN 0971-5215. S2CID 250648995.
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