Externalization (migration) (English Wikipedia)

Doherty, Caitlin; Crowther, Zoe (19 Dec 2022). "Home Office Rwanda deportation policy is legal, court rules". Civil Service World. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2023.

doi.org

Stock et al. 2019. Stock, Inka; Üstübici, Ayşen; Schultz, Susanne U. (2019). "Externalization at work: responses to migration policies from the Global South". Comparative Migration Studies. 7 (1): 48–. doi:10.1186/s40878-019-0157-z. ISSN 2214-594X. S2CID 209406748.
Hintjens & Bilgic 2019, passim. Hintjens, Helen; Bilgic, Ali (2019). "The EU's Proxy War on Refugees". State Crime Journal. 8 (1): 80–103. doi:10.13169/statecrime.8.1.0080. ISSN 2046-6056. JSTOR 10.13169/statecrime.8.1.0080. S2CID 181400174.
Stock et al. 2019, pp. 48–49. Stock, Inka; Üstübici, Ayşen; Schultz, Susanne U. (2019). "Externalization at work: responses to migration policies from the Global South". Comparative Migration Studies. 7 (1): 48–. doi:10.1186/s40878-019-0157-z. ISSN 2214-594X. S2CID 209406748.
Ganty, Sarah; Ancite-Jepifánova, Aleksandra; Kochenov, Dimitry V. (1 December 2024). "EU Lawlessness Law at the EU-Belarusian Border: Torture and Dehumanisation Excused by 'Instrumentalisation'". Hague Journal on the Rule of Law. 16 (3): 739–774. doi:10.1007/s40803-024-00237-0. ISSN 1876-4053.
Kalpouzos 2020, The Developing Practice of Distance. Kalpouzos, Ioannis (2020). "International Criminal Law and the Violence against Migrants". German Law Journal. 21 (3): 571–597. doi:10.1017/glj.2020.24. ISSN 2071-8322. S2CID 216289557.
Baird & Spijkerboer 2019, p. 7. Baird, Theodore; Spijkerboer, Thomas (2019). "Carrier Sanctions and the Conflicting Legal Obligations of Carriers: Addressing Human Rights Leakage". Amsterdam Law Forum. 11 (1): 4–19. doi:10.37974/ALF.325. ISSN 1876-8156. S2CID 169666209.
Spijkerboer 2018, The Limits of Control. Spijkerboer, Thomas (2018). "The Global Mobility Infrastructure: Reconceptualising the Externalisation of Migration Control". European Journal of Migration and Law. 20 (4): 452–469. doi:10.1163/15718166-12340038. ISSN 1388-364X. S2CID 150019997.
Hintjens & Bilgic 2019, p. 98. Hintjens, Helen; Bilgic, Ali (2019). "The EU's Proxy War on Refugees". State Crime Journal. 8 (1): 80–103. doi:10.13169/statecrime.8.1.0080. ISSN 2046-6056. JSTOR 10.13169/statecrime.8.1.0080. S2CID 181400174.
Wolff & Hadj-Abdou 2017, Fortress Europe? Externalization of migration control. Wolff, Sarah; Hadj-Abdou, Leila (2017). "Mediterranean migrants and refugees". Routledge Handbook of Mediterranean Politics. Routledge Handbooks Online. doi:10.4324/9781315696577. hdl:11693/50917. ISBN 978-1-138-90398-2.
Missbach & Phillips 2020, Conclusion. Missbach, Antje; Phillips, Melissa (2020). "Introduction: Reconceptualizing Transit States in an Era of Outsourcing, Offshoring, and Obfuscation". Migration and Society. 3 (1): 19–33. doi:10.3167/arms.2020.111402. S2CID 240877173.
Baird & Spijkerboer 2019, p. 17. Baird, Theodore; Spijkerboer, Thomas (2019). "Carrier Sanctions and the Conflicting Legal Obligations of Carriers: Addressing Human Rights Leakage". Amsterdam Law Forum. 11 (1): 4–19. doi:10.37974/ALF.325. ISSN 1876-8156. S2CID 169666209.
Baird & Spijkerboer 2019, p. 19. Baird, Theodore; Spijkerboer, Thomas (2019). "Carrier Sanctions and the Conflicting Legal Obligations of Carriers: Addressing Human Rights Leakage". Amsterdam Law Forum. 11 (1): 4–19. doi:10.37974/ALF.325. ISSN 1876-8156. S2CID 169666209.
Van Dessel 2021, p. 1. Van Dessel, Julia (2021). "Externalization through 'awareness-raising': the border spectacle of EU migration information campaigns in Niger" (PDF). Territory, Politics, Governance. 11 (4): 749–769. doi:10.1080/21622671.2021.1974535. S2CID 239555955.
Markard 2016, Preventing Departure by Sea. Markard, Nora (2016). "The Right to Leave by Sea: Legal Limits on EU Migration Control by Third Countries". European Journal of International Law. 27 (3): 591–616. doi:10.1093/ejil/chw034.
Markard 2016, Contractual Obligations to Prevent Departure. Markard, Nora (2016). "The Right to Leave by Sea: Legal Limits on EU Migration Control by Third Countries". European Journal of International Law. 27 (3): 591–616. doi:10.1093/ejil/chw034.
Williams & Mountz 2018, p. 74. Williams, Kira; Mountz, Alison (2018). "Between Enforcement and Precarity: Externalization and Migrant Deaths at Sea". International Migration. 56 (5): 74–89. doi:10.1111/imig.12439.
Menjívar 2014, pp. 358–359. Menjívar, Cecilia (2014). "Immigration Law Beyond Borders: Externalizing and Internalizing Border Controls in an Era of Securitization". Annual Review of Law and Social Science. 10 (1): 353–369. doi:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110413-030842. ISSN 1550-3585.
FitzGerald 2020, pp. 5, 11–12. FitzGerald, David Scott (2020). "Remote control of migration: theorising territoriality, shared coercion, and deterrence". Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 46 (1): 4–22. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2020.1680115. hdl:10315/41482. S2CID 210464680.
Grewcock 2014, p. 71. Grewcock, Michael (2014). "Australian border policing: regional 'solutions' and neocolonialism". Race & Class. 55 (3): 71–78. doi:10.1177/0306396813509197. S2CID 146586540.
Missbach & Phillips 2020, Reconceptualizing Origin-Transit-Destination. Missbach, Antje; Phillips, Melissa (2020). "Introduction: Reconceptualizing Transit States in an Era of Outsourcing, Offshoring, and Obfuscation". Migration and Society. 3 (1): 19–33. doi:10.3167/arms.2020.111402. S2CID 240877173.
Stock et al. 2019, p. 50. Stock, Inka; Üstübici, Ayşen; Schultz, Susanne U. (2019). "Externalization at work: responses to migration policies from the Global South". Comparative Migration Studies. 7 (1): 48–. doi:10.1186/s40878-019-0157-z. ISSN 2214-594X. S2CID 209406748.
Menjívar 2014, p. 359. Menjívar, Cecilia (2014). "Immigration Law Beyond Borders: Externalizing and Internalizing Border Controls in an Era of Securitization". Annual Review of Law and Social Science. 10 (1): 353–369. doi:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110413-030842. ISSN 1550-3585.
Menjívar 2014, p. 360. Menjívar, Cecilia (2014). "Immigration Law Beyond Borders: Externalizing and Internalizing Border Controls in an Era of Securitization". Annual Review of Law and Social Science. 10 (1): 353–369. doi:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110413-030842. ISSN 1550-3585.
Badalič 2019, p. 85. Badalič, Vasja (2019). "Tunisia's Role in the EU External Migration Policy: Crimmigration Law, Illegal Practices, and Their Impact on Human Rights". Journal of International Migration and Integration. 20 (1): 85–100. doi:10.1007/s12134-018-0596-7. S2CID 96503039.
Markard 2016, International Responsibility of EU Member States. Markard, Nora (2016). "The Right to Leave by Sea: Legal Limits on EU Migration Control by Third Countries". European Journal of International Law. 27 (3): 591–616. doi:10.1093/ejil/chw034.
Hahonou & Olsen 2021, p. 875. Hahonou, Eric Komlavi; Olsen, Gorm Rye (2021). "Niger – Europe's border guard? Limits to the externalization of the European Union's migration policy". Journal of European Integration. 43 (7): 875–889. doi:10.1080/07036337.2020.1853717. S2CID 229405082.
Stutz & Trauner 2021, Conclusion. Stutz, Philipp; Trauner, Florian (2021). "The EU's 'return rate' with third countries: Why EU readmission agreements do not make much difference". International Migration. 60 (3): 154–172. doi:10.1111/imig.12901. S2CID 237763172.
Collyer, Michael; Shahani, Uttara (2023). "Offshoring Refugees: Colonial Echoes of the UK-Rwanda Migration and Economic Development Partnership". Social Sciences. 12 (8): 451. doi:10.3390/socsci12080451.

ecfr.eu

"Road to nowhere: Why Europe's border externalisation is a dead end". European Council on Foreign Relations. 2023-12-14.

escholarship.org

FitzGerald 2020, pp. 5, 11–12. FitzGerald, David Scott (2020). "Remote control of migration: theorising territoriality, shared coercion, and deterrence". Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 46 (1): 4–22. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2020.1680115. hdl:10315/41482. S2CID 210464680.

eui.eu

cadmus.eui.eu

Abebe & Mbiyozo 2021, pp. 220–221. Abebe, Tsion Tadesse; Mbiyozo, Aimée-Noël (2021). "The New Pact's Focus on Migrant Returns Threatens Africa-EU Partnership". The EU Pact on Migration and Asylum in Light of the United Nations Global Compact on Refugees: International Experiences on Containment and Mobility and Their Impacts on Trust and Rights (PDF). European University Institute. ISBN 978-92-9084-999-5.
Abebe & Mbiyozo 2021, p. 225. Abebe, Tsion Tadesse; Mbiyozo, Aimée-Noël (2021). "The New Pact's Focus on Migrant Returns Threatens Africa-EU Partnership". The EU Pact on Migration and Asylum in Light of the United Nations Global Compact on Refugees: International Experiences on Containment and Mobility and Their Impacts on Trust and Rights (PDF). European University Institute. ISBN 978-92-9084-999-5.
Abebe & Mbiyozo 2021, p. 224. Abebe, Tsion Tadesse; Mbiyozo, Aimée-Noël (2021). "The New Pact's Focus on Migrant Returns Threatens Africa-EU Partnership". The EU Pact on Migration and Asylum in Light of the United Nations Global Compact on Refugees: International Experiences on Containment and Mobility and Their Impacts on Trust and Rights (PDF). European University Institute. ISBN 978-92-9084-999-5.

euromedrights.org

"Artificial Intelligence: The New Frontier of the EU's Border Externalisation Strategy" (PDF). Euromed Rights. 2023-07-01.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Wolff & Hadj-Abdou 2017, Fortress Europe? Externalization of migration control. Wolff, Sarah; Hadj-Abdou, Leila (2017). "Mediterranean migrants and refugees". Routledge Handbook of Mediterranean Politics. Routledge Handbooks Online. doi:10.4324/9781315696577. hdl:11693/50917. ISBN 978-1-138-90398-2.
FitzGerald 2020, pp. 5, 11–12. FitzGerald, David Scott (2020). "Remote control of migration: theorising territoriality, shared coercion, and deterrence". Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 46 (1): 4–22. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2020.1680115. hdl:10315/41482. S2CID 210464680.

hotline.org.il

"The "Voluntary" Departure and Israel's plan for deportation to third countries". Hotline. 2018-06-01.

hrw.org

"The Impact of Externalization of Migration Controls on the Rights of Asylum Seekers and Other Migrants". Human Rights Watch. 2016-12-06.

jstor.org

Hintjens & Bilgic 2019, passim. Hintjens, Helen; Bilgic, Ali (2019). "The EU's Proxy War on Refugees". State Crime Journal. 8 (1): 80–103. doi:10.13169/statecrime.8.1.0080. ISSN 2046-6056. JSTOR 10.13169/statecrime.8.1.0080. S2CID 181400174.
Hintjens & Bilgic 2019, p. 98. Hintjens, Helen; Bilgic, Ali (2019). "The EU's Proxy War on Refugees". State Crime Journal. 8 (1): 80–103. doi:10.13169/statecrime.8.1.0080. ISSN 2046-6056. JSTOR 10.13169/statecrime.8.1.0080. S2CID 181400174.

nbcnews.com

"Europe's border agency under fire for aiding Libya's brutal migrant detentions". NBC News. Retrieved 13 February 2022.

ohchr.org

"Report of the Independent Fact-Finding Mission on Libya". www.ohchr.org. 1 October 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2022.

rfi.fr

"EU pledges €200m to help Mauritania clamp down on illegal migration". rfi. 2024-02-09.

routledgehandbooks.com

Wolff & Hadj-Abdou 2017, Fortress Europe? Externalization of migration control. Wolff, Sarah; Hadj-Abdou, Leila (2017). "Mediterranean migrants and refugees". Routledge Handbook of Mediterranean Politics. Routledge Handbooks Online. doi:10.4324/9781315696577. hdl:11693/50917. ISBN 978-1-138-90398-2.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Stock et al. 2019. Stock, Inka; Üstübici, Ayşen; Schultz, Susanne U. (2019). "Externalization at work: responses to migration policies from the Global South". Comparative Migration Studies. 7 (1): 48–. doi:10.1186/s40878-019-0157-z. ISSN 2214-594X. S2CID 209406748.
Hintjens & Bilgic 2019, passim. Hintjens, Helen; Bilgic, Ali (2019). "The EU's Proxy War on Refugees". State Crime Journal. 8 (1): 80–103. doi:10.13169/statecrime.8.1.0080. ISSN 2046-6056. JSTOR 10.13169/statecrime.8.1.0080. S2CID 181400174.
Stock et al. 2019, pp. 48–49. Stock, Inka; Üstübici, Ayşen; Schultz, Susanne U. (2019). "Externalization at work: responses to migration policies from the Global South". Comparative Migration Studies. 7 (1): 48–. doi:10.1186/s40878-019-0157-z. ISSN 2214-594X. S2CID 209406748.
Kalpouzos 2020, The Developing Practice of Distance. Kalpouzos, Ioannis (2020). "International Criminal Law and the Violence against Migrants". German Law Journal. 21 (3): 571–597. doi:10.1017/glj.2020.24. ISSN 2071-8322. S2CID 216289557.
Baird & Spijkerboer 2019, p. 7. Baird, Theodore; Spijkerboer, Thomas (2019). "Carrier Sanctions and the Conflicting Legal Obligations of Carriers: Addressing Human Rights Leakage". Amsterdam Law Forum. 11 (1): 4–19. doi:10.37974/ALF.325. ISSN 1876-8156. S2CID 169666209.
Spijkerboer 2018, The Limits of Control. Spijkerboer, Thomas (2018). "The Global Mobility Infrastructure: Reconceptualising the Externalisation of Migration Control". European Journal of Migration and Law. 20 (4): 452–469. doi:10.1163/15718166-12340038. ISSN 1388-364X. S2CID 150019997.
Hintjens & Bilgic 2019, p. 98. Hintjens, Helen; Bilgic, Ali (2019). "The EU's Proxy War on Refugees". State Crime Journal. 8 (1): 80–103. doi:10.13169/statecrime.8.1.0080. ISSN 2046-6056. JSTOR 10.13169/statecrime.8.1.0080. S2CID 181400174.
Missbach & Phillips 2020, Conclusion. Missbach, Antje; Phillips, Melissa (2020). "Introduction: Reconceptualizing Transit States in an Era of Outsourcing, Offshoring, and Obfuscation". Migration and Society. 3 (1): 19–33. doi:10.3167/arms.2020.111402. S2CID 240877173.
Baird & Spijkerboer 2019, p. 17. Baird, Theodore; Spijkerboer, Thomas (2019). "Carrier Sanctions and the Conflicting Legal Obligations of Carriers: Addressing Human Rights Leakage". Amsterdam Law Forum. 11 (1): 4–19. doi:10.37974/ALF.325. ISSN 1876-8156. S2CID 169666209.
Baird & Spijkerboer 2019, p. 19. Baird, Theodore; Spijkerboer, Thomas (2019). "Carrier Sanctions and the Conflicting Legal Obligations of Carriers: Addressing Human Rights Leakage". Amsterdam Law Forum. 11 (1): 4–19. doi:10.37974/ALF.325. ISSN 1876-8156. S2CID 169666209.
Van Dessel 2021, p. 1. Van Dessel, Julia (2021). "Externalization through 'awareness-raising': the border spectacle of EU migration information campaigns in Niger" (PDF). Territory, Politics, Governance. 11 (4): 749–769. doi:10.1080/21622671.2021.1974535. S2CID 239555955.
FitzGerald 2020, pp. 5, 11–12. FitzGerald, David Scott (2020). "Remote control of migration: theorising territoriality, shared coercion, and deterrence". Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 46 (1): 4–22. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2020.1680115. hdl:10315/41482. S2CID 210464680.
Grewcock 2014, p. 71. Grewcock, Michael (2014). "Australian border policing: regional 'solutions' and neocolonialism". Race & Class. 55 (3): 71–78. doi:10.1177/0306396813509197. S2CID 146586540.
Missbach & Phillips 2020, Reconceptualizing Origin-Transit-Destination. Missbach, Antje; Phillips, Melissa (2020). "Introduction: Reconceptualizing Transit States in an Era of Outsourcing, Offshoring, and Obfuscation". Migration and Society. 3 (1): 19–33. doi:10.3167/arms.2020.111402. S2CID 240877173.
Stock et al. 2019, p. 50. Stock, Inka; Üstübici, Ayşen; Schultz, Susanne U. (2019). "Externalization at work: responses to migration policies from the Global South". Comparative Migration Studies. 7 (1): 48–. doi:10.1186/s40878-019-0157-z. ISSN 2214-594X. S2CID 209406748.
Badalič 2019, p. 85. Badalič, Vasja (2019). "Tunisia's Role in the EU External Migration Policy: Crimmigration Law, Illegal Practices, and Their Impact on Human Rights". Journal of International Migration and Integration. 20 (1): 85–100. doi:10.1007/s12134-018-0596-7. S2CID 96503039.
Hahonou & Olsen 2021, p. 875. Hahonou, Eric Komlavi; Olsen, Gorm Rye (2021). "Niger – Europe's border guard? Limits to the externalization of the European Union's migration policy". Journal of European Integration. 43 (7): 875–889. doi:10.1080/07036337.2020.1853717. S2CID 229405082.
Stutz & Trauner 2021, Conclusion. Stutz, Philipp; Trauner, Florian (2021). "The EU's 'return rate' with third countries: Why EU readmission agreements do not make much difference". International Migration. 60 (3): 154–172. doi:10.1111/imig.12901. S2CID 237763172.

springer.com

link.springer.com

Ganty, Sarah; Ancite-Jepifánova, Aleksandra; Kochenov, Dimitry V. (1 December 2024). "EU Lawlessness Law at the EU-Belarusian Border: Torture and Dehumanisation Excused by 'Instrumentalisation'". Hague Journal on the Rule of Law. 16 (3): 739–774. doi:10.1007/s40803-024-00237-0. ISSN 1876-4053.

theoutlawocean.com

Urbina, Ian. "The Secretive Prisons That Keep Migrants Out of Europe". The Outlaw Ocean Project. Retrieved 13 February 2022.

ulb.ac.be

dipot.ulb.ac.be

Van Dessel 2021, p. 1. Van Dessel, Julia (2021). "Externalization through 'awareness-raising': the border spectacle of EU migration information campaigns in Niger" (PDF). Territory, Politics, Governance. 11 (4): 749–769. doi:10.1080/21622671.2021.1974535. S2CID 239555955.

vifa-recht.de

intr2dok.vifa-recht.de

"Philipp Dann, Michael Riegner & Lena Zagst, "Bouncers beyond Borders – On the (il)legality of EU funding for the Libyan coast guard", Völkerrechtsblog, 20 May 2020" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.

web.archive.org

"Philipp Dann, Michael Riegner & Lena Zagst, "Bouncers beyond Borders – On the (il)legality of EU funding for the Libyan coast guard", Völkerrechtsblog, 20 May 2020" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
Doherty, Caitlin; Crowther, Zoe (19 Dec 2022). "Home Office Rwanda deportation policy is legal, court rules". Civil Service World. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
"Supreme Court rules Rwanda asylum policy unlawful". BBC News. 2023-11-15. Archived from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 2023-11-15.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Stock et al. 2019. Stock, Inka; Üstübici, Ayşen; Schultz, Susanne U. (2019). "Externalization at work: responses to migration policies from the Global South". Comparative Migration Studies. 7 (1): 48–. doi:10.1186/s40878-019-0157-z. ISSN 2214-594X. S2CID 209406748.
Hintjens & Bilgic 2019, passim. Hintjens, Helen; Bilgic, Ali (2019). "The EU's Proxy War on Refugees". State Crime Journal. 8 (1): 80–103. doi:10.13169/statecrime.8.1.0080. ISSN 2046-6056. JSTOR 10.13169/statecrime.8.1.0080. S2CID 181400174.
Stock et al. 2019, pp. 48–49. Stock, Inka; Üstübici, Ayşen; Schultz, Susanne U. (2019). "Externalization at work: responses to migration policies from the Global South". Comparative Migration Studies. 7 (1): 48–. doi:10.1186/s40878-019-0157-z. ISSN 2214-594X. S2CID 209406748.
Ganty, Sarah; Ancite-Jepifánova, Aleksandra; Kochenov, Dimitry V. (1 December 2024). "EU Lawlessness Law at the EU-Belarusian Border: Torture and Dehumanisation Excused by 'Instrumentalisation'". Hague Journal on the Rule of Law. 16 (3): 739–774. doi:10.1007/s40803-024-00237-0. ISSN 1876-4053.
Kalpouzos 2020, The Developing Practice of Distance. Kalpouzos, Ioannis (2020). "International Criminal Law and the Violence against Migrants". German Law Journal. 21 (3): 571–597. doi:10.1017/glj.2020.24. ISSN 2071-8322. S2CID 216289557.
Baird & Spijkerboer 2019, p. 7. Baird, Theodore; Spijkerboer, Thomas (2019). "Carrier Sanctions and the Conflicting Legal Obligations of Carriers: Addressing Human Rights Leakage". Amsterdam Law Forum. 11 (1): 4–19. doi:10.37974/ALF.325. ISSN 1876-8156. S2CID 169666209.
Spijkerboer 2018, The Limits of Control. Spijkerboer, Thomas (2018). "The Global Mobility Infrastructure: Reconceptualising the Externalisation of Migration Control". European Journal of Migration and Law. 20 (4): 452–469. doi:10.1163/15718166-12340038. ISSN 1388-364X. S2CID 150019997.
Hintjens & Bilgic 2019, p. 98. Hintjens, Helen; Bilgic, Ali (2019). "The EU's Proxy War on Refugees". State Crime Journal. 8 (1): 80–103. doi:10.13169/statecrime.8.1.0080. ISSN 2046-6056. JSTOR 10.13169/statecrime.8.1.0080. S2CID 181400174.
Baird & Spijkerboer 2019, p. 17. Baird, Theodore; Spijkerboer, Thomas (2019). "Carrier Sanctions and the Conflicting Legal Obligations of Carriers: Addressing Human Rights Leakage". Amsterdam Law Forum. 11 (1): 4–19. doi:10.37974/ALF.325. ISSN 1876-8156. S2CID 169666209.
Baird & Spijkerboer 2019, p. 19. Baird, Theodore; Spijkerboer, Thomas (2019). "Carrier Sanctions and the Conflicting Legal Obligations of Carriers: Addressing Human Rights Leakage". Amsterdam Law Forum. 11 (1): 4–19. doi:10.37974/ALF.325. ISSN 1876-8156. S2CID 169666209.
Menjívar 2014, pp. 358–359. Menjívar, Cecilia (2014). "Immigration Law Beyond Borders: Externalizing and Internalizing Border Controls in an Era of Securitization". Annual Review of Law and Social Science. 10 (1): 353–369. doi:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110413-030842. ISSN 1550-3585.
Stock et al. 2019, p. 50. Stock, Inka; Üstübici, Ayşen; Schultz, Susanne U. (2019). "Externalization at work: responses to migration policies from the Global South". Comparative Migration Studies. 7 (1): 48–. doi:10.1186/s40878-019-0157-z. ISSN 2214-594X. S2CID 209406748.
Menjívar 2014, p. 359. Menjívar, Cecilia (2014). "Immigration Law Beyond Borders: Externalizing and Internalizing Border Controls in an Era of Securitization". Annual Review of Law and Social Science. 10 (1): 353–369. doi:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110413-030842. ISSN 1550-3585.
Menjívar 2014, p. 360. Menjívar, Cecilia (2014). "Immigration Law Beyond Borders: Externalizing and Internalizing Border Controls in an Era of Securitization". Annual Review of Law and Social Science. 10 (1): 353–369. doi:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110413-030842. ISSN 1550-3585.