FM broadcasting (English Wikipedia)

"Full text of "Radio Electronics (August 1987)"". archive.org. August 1987. Archived from the original on 2016-04-02. Retrieved 2015-04-10.
Radio Engineering Labs (advertisement), Broadcasting, November 15, 1940, page 45.
"Carnival Atmosphere", Broadcasting, December 1, 1940, page 76.
"New FM Call Letters Proposed", Broadcasting, November 15, 1940, page 77.
"FCC Allocates 88-106 mc Band to FM" by Bill Bailey, Broadcasting, July 2, 1945, pages 13-14.
"FCC Allocations Order Text", Broadcasting, July 2, 1945, pages 64-68.

artsandculture.google.com (Global: 3,498^th place; English: 2,942^nd place)

Idzerda, the first radio broadcaster Archived 2021-02-06 at the Wayback Machine, Nederlands Instituut voor Beeld en Geluid (Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

bbc.co.uk

"Report 1946-04 – Frequency Modulation". BBC Research & Development. January 1946. Archived from the original on 2020-01-03. Retrieved 2020-01-03.

downloads.bbc.co.uk

"An appraisal of the Zenith- G.E. stereophonic system" (PDF). BBC Research.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Théberge, Paul; Devine, Kyle; Everrett, Tom (2015-01-29). Living Stereo: Histories and Cultures of Multichannel Sound. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 189. ISBN 978-1-62356-687-6. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2020-10-25.
Frost, Gary L. (April 2010). Early FM Radio: Incremental Technology in Twentieth-Century America. JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-9913-3. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-03-13.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

Lemstra, Wolter; Hayes, Vic; Groenewegen, John (2010-11-18). The Innovation Journey of Wi-Fi: The Road to Global Success (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511666995. ISBN 978-0-511-66699-5.

cgould.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The 75 Microsecond Pre-Emphasis Curve". Cornelius' home on the web!. 2013-10-10. Archived from the original on 2019-10-30. Retrieved 2019-10-30.

chicagolighthouse.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"CRIS Radio". Archived from the original on November 29, 2019. Retrieved April 8, 2020.

crutchfield.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

comments, Crutchfield's Matt Freeman 9. "Live traffic information services for GPS systems". Crutchfield. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2019-06-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

dabplus.ch (Global: low place; English: low place)

"SRG schaltet UKW per Ende Jahr ab - Der Verband Schweizer Privatradios informiert über Abschaltplan". DAB (in Swiss High German). 24 December 2024.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Lemstra, Wolter; Hayes, Vic; Groenewegen, John (2010-11-18). The Innovation Journey of Wi-Fi: The Road to Global Success (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511666995. ISBN 978-0-511-66699-5.
Lewis, Peter M.; Booth, Jerry (1989). The Invisible Medium. London: Macmillan Education UK. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-19984-6. ISBN 978-0-333-42366-0.
Evens, Tom (2026-03-01). "The FM radio switch-off and the need for sustainable and inclusive digital radio policy". Telecommunications Policy. 50 (2) 103116. doi:10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103116. ISSN 0308-5961.

fcc.gov (Global: 583^rd place; English: 261^st place)

fcc.gov

"Digital Audio BroadcastingSupplementary Analog SCA Compatibility TestsTest Plan and Procedures" (PDF). ecfsapi.fcc.gov. Advanced Television Technology Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 November 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
"Subsidiary communications multiplex operation: engineering standards" (PDF). www.fcc.gov. US Federal Communications Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
FCC.gov, Audio Division - Broadcast Radio Links (2015-12-11). "Broadcast Radio Subcarriers or Subsidiary Communications Authority (SCA)". FCC.gov (United States Federal Communications Commission). Retrieved 2026-06-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

transition.fcc.gov

"FM BROADCAST STATION SELF - INSPECTION CHECKLIST" (PDF). transition.fcc.gov. FCC. p. 18. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2018.

google.com.na (Global: low place; English: low place)

"FM Stereo demodulation circuit". USPTO. Archived from the original on 24 June 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2015.

gov.br (Global: 2,970^th place; English: 4,711^th place)

"MCom entrega certificado às emissoras que estreiam a faixa estendida da FM" [MCom awards certificate to stations that debut the extended FM band]. Ministério das Comunicações (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-07-11.
"MCom entrega certificado às emissoras que estreiam a faixa estendida da FM". Ministry of Communications of Brazil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 7 May 2021. Archived from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.

govinfo.gov (Global: 1,755^th place; English: 831^st place)

"73-319" (PDF). www.govinfo.gov. FCC. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 January 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
"FCC CFR 47 Part 73.322" (PDF). FCC Rules. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.

hathitrust.org (Global: 296^th place; English: 153^rd place)

babel.hathitrust.org

"FCC Order No. 67" Archived 2022-01-15 at the Wayback Machine, Federal Register, May 25, 1940, page 2011.

historyofinformation.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Edwin Armstrong Invents Frequency Modulation (FM Radio): History of Information". www.historyofinformation.com. Retrieved 2025-02-02.

italiamiga.com.br (Global: low place; English: low place)

Pacelli, Edoardo. "O sonho dourado: 45 anos de Rádio FM no Brasil". Italiamiga (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.

itu.int (Global: 1,487^th place; English: 1,305^th place)

"Transmission standards for FM sound broadcasting at VHF". ITU Rec. BS.450. International Telecommunication Union. pp. 4–5. Archived from the original on 2012-11-06. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
"Frequency Bands allocated to Terrestrial Broadcasting Services". ITU. Retrieved 2025-11-26.
"Planning standards for terrestrial FM sound broadcasting at VHF" (PDF). International Telecommunication Union. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-08-20. Retrieved 2019-08-02.
"Frequency Bands allocated to Terrestrial Broadcasting Services". ITU. Retrieved 2026-01-19.
"Transmission standards for FM sound broadcasting at VHF". www.itu.int. Retrieved 2026-01-19.
"Recommendation ITU-R SM.853-1" (PDF). ITU. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-05-29. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
"ITU Publications". ITU. Archived from the original on 2007-06-26. Retrieved 2007-03-26.

leradiodisophie.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

"[IT] Radio FM in Italia". Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2015.

nab.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Radio Tech Check" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-09-13. Retrieved 2018-05-30.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

nytimes.com

The New York Times (1948-09-29). "FM 'STORECASTING' SEEN AIDING SALES". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2026-06-17.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

timesmachine.nytimes.com

no byline (January 1, 1954). "MUSIC FOR BUSES URGED / F. C. C. Proposes Wide Field Also for FM News Reports". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved February 19, 2019.

ofcom.org.uk (Global: 5,969^th place; English: 3,088^th place)

ofcom.org.uk

"Ofcom Site Engineering Code for Analogue Radio Broadcast Transmission Systems" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 22, 2019. Retrieved April 8, 2020.

media.ofcom.org.uk

"Change to the law to allow the use of low power FM transmitters for MP3 players". Ofcom. 23 November 2006. Archived from the original on 12 September 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2015.

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

van Duyne, John P. (Fall 1961). "The Notebook:A Modulator for the New FM Stereo System". Boontown Radio Corp. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.309.3861. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

radiorewind.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Radio 1 History - Transmitters". Radio Rewind. Archived from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013.

radioworld.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

RWO. "How FM Stereo Came to Life". Archived from the original on 2016-10-18. Retrieved 2016-03-06.
"SSBSC: A Win-Win for FM Radio?". Radio World. April 2, 2012. Archived from the original on September 13, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
Careless, James (2018-06-06). "Norway's FM Shutdown, Six Months Later". Radio World. Archived from the original on 2023-01-31. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
Ross, T. Carter (2 July 2024). "German State Sets Mid-2031 for FM Switchoff". Radio World. Retrieved 31 January 2025.

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

Evens, Tom (2026-03-01). "The FM radio switch-off and the need for sustainable and inclusive digital radio policy". Telecommunications Policy. 50 (2) 103116. doi:10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103116. ISSN 0308-5961.

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

link.springer.com

Lewis, Peter M.; Booth, Jerry (1989). The Invisible Medium. London: Macmillan Education UK. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-19984-6. ISBN 978-0-333-42366-0.

srgssr.ch (Global: low place; English: low place)

"La SSR prévoit de retourner sur la bande FM". 11 December 2025.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Oslo, Agence France-Presse in (2017-12-13). "Norway becomes first country to end national radio broadcasts on FM". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 2023-02-05. Retrieved 2023-01-31.

thelocal.no (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Norway becomes first country to switch off FM radio". The Local Norway. 2017-12-13. Archived from the original on 2017-12-16. Retrieved 2023-01-31.

ukradio.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

"OIRT Tuner". Archived from the original on 2016-06-04. Retrieved 2016-10-25.

uspto.gov (Global: 2,155^th place; English: 1,380^th place)

pdfpiw.uspto.gov

"Compatible four channel FM system". pdfpiw.uspto.gov. USPTO. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2016.

vrt.be (Global: 1,481^st place; English: 3,165^th place)

Rombaut, Steven (20 May 2024). "1 januari 2031 wordt richtdatum om radio-uitzendingen via de FM-band stop te zetten" (in Flemish). VRT News. Retrieved 31 January 2025.

w0is.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Clem, Richard P. (2014). "Inexpensive Options for Assistive Listening Device Receivers". W0IS.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Transmission standards for FM sound broadcasting at VHF". ITU Rec. BS.450. International Telecommunication Union. pp. 4–5. Archived from the original on 2012-11-06. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
"Planning standards for terrestrial FM sound broadcasting at VHF" (PDF). International Telecommunication Union. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-08-20. Retrieved 2019-08-02.
"FM BROADCAST STATION SELF - INSPECTION CHECKLIST" (PDF). transition.fcc.gov. FCC. p. 18. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
"Ofcom Site Engineering Code for Analogue Radio Broadcast Transmission Systems" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 22, 2019. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
"Digital Audio BroadcastingSupplementary Analog SCA Compatibility TestsTest Plan and Procedures" (PDF). ecfsapi.fcc.gov. Advanced Television Technology Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 November 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
"Recommendation ITU-R SM.853-1" (PDF). ITU. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-05-29. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
"The 75 Microsecond Pre-Emphasis Curve". Cornelius' home on the web!. 2013-10-10. Archived from the original on 2019-10-30. Retrieved 2019-10-30.
"Report 1946-04 – Frequency Modulation". BBC Research & Development. January 1946. Archived from the original on 2020-01-03. Retrieved 2020-01-03.
RWO. "How FM Stereo Came to Life". Archived from the original on 2016-10-18. Retrieved 2016-03-06.
Théberge, Paul; Devine, Kyle; Everrett, Tom (2015-01-29). Living Stereo: Histories and Cultures of Multichannel Sound. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 189. ISBN 978-1-62356-687-6. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2020-10-25.
"73-319" (PDF). www.govinfo.gov. FCC. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 January 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
"Subsidiary communications multiplex operation: engineering standards" (PDF). www.fcc.gov. US Federal Communications Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
"FM Stereo demodulation circuit". USPTO. Archived from the original on 24 June 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2015.
"FM Reception Guide: FM Propagation". WGBH. Archived from the original on 8 July 2007. Retrieved 9 May 2010.
Includes tips for multipath & fringe problems.
"SSBSC: A Win-Win for FM Radio?". Radio World. April 2, 2012. Archived from the original on September 13, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
"Radio Tech Check" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-09-13. Retrieved 2018-05-30.
"FCC CFR 47 Part 73.322" (PDF). FCC Rules. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
"Compatible four channel FM system". pdfpiw.uspto.gov. USPTO. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
"Full text of "Radio Electronics (August 1987)"". archive.org. August 1987. Archived from the original on 2016-04-02. Retrieved 2015-04-10.
"CRIS Radio". Archived from the original on November 29, 2019. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
comments, Crutchfield's Matt Freeman 9. "Live traffic information services for GPS systems". Crutchfield. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2019-06-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Pacelli, Edoardo. "O sonho dourado: 45 anos de Rádio FM no Brasil". Italiamiga (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
"MCom entrega certificado às emissoras que estreiam a faixa estendida da FM". Ministry of Communications of Brazil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 7 May 2021. Archived from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
"FCC Order No. 67" Archived 2022-01-15 at the Wayback Machine, Federal Register, May 25, 1940, page 2011.
no byline (January 1, 1954). "MUSIC FOR BUSES URGED / F. C. C. Proposes Wide Field Also for FM News Reports". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
""Stereophonic FM Broadcast Begun by WEFM", Chicago Tribune, June 2, 1961, p. B-10". Archived from the original on October 20, 2000. Retrieved Apr 8, 2020.
Frost, Gary L. (April 2010). Early FM Radio: Incremental Technology in Twentieth-Century America. JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-9913-3. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-03-13.
Idzerda, the first radio broadcaster Archived 2021-02-06 at the Wayback Machine, Nederlands Instituut voor Beeld en Geluid (Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision)
"Radio 1 History - Transmitters". Radio Rewind. Archived from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
"[IT] Radio FM in Italia". Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
"OIRT Tuner". Archived from the original on 2016-06-04. Retrieved 2016-10-25.
"ITU Publications". ITU. Archived from the original on 2007-06-26. Retrieved 2007-03-26.
"Norway becomes first country to switch off FM radio". The Local Norway. 2017-12-13. Archived from the original on 2017-12-16. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
Oslo, Agence France-Presse in (2017-12-13). "Norway becomes first country to end national radio broadcasts on FM". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 2023-02-05. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
Careless, James (2018-06-06). "Norway's FM Shutdown, Six Months Later". Radio World. Archived from the original on 2023-01-31. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
"Switching off FM in Norway and, soon, Switzerland | News | WorldDAB". www.worlddab.org. Archived from the original on 2023-01-31. Retrieved 2023-01-31.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
"Change to the law to allow the use of low power FM transmitters for MP3 players". Ofcom. 23 November 2006. Archived from the original on 12 September 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
Clem, Richard P. (2014). "Inexpensive Options for Assistive Listening Device Receivers". W0IS.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.

wgbh.org (Global: 8,327^th place; English: 4,343^rd place)

"FM Reception Guide: FM Propagation". WGBH. Archived from the original on 8 July 2007. Retrieved 9 May 2010.
Includes tips for multipath & fringe problems.

wgem.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

""Stereophonic FM Broadcast Begun by WEFM", Chicago Tribune, June 2, 1961, p. B-10". Archived from the original on October 20, 2000. Retrieved Apr 8, 2020.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

The New York Times (1948-09-29). "FM 'STORECASTING' SEEN AIDING SALES". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2026-06-17.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
Evens, Tom (2026-03-01). "The FM radio switch-off and the need for sustainable and inclusive digital radio policy". Telecommunications Policy. 50 (2) 103116. doi:10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103116. ISSN 0308-5961.

worldradiohistory.com (Global: 127^th place; English: 68^th place)

Armstrong, Edwin H. (1936-05-01). "A Method of Reducing Disturbances in Radio Signaling by a System of Frequency Modulation" (PDF). Proceedings of the IRE. 24 (5): 689–740. Retrieved 2026-01-18 – via world radio history.

FM broadcasting (English Wikipedia)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

artsandculture.google.com (Global: 3,498th place; English: 2,942nd place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11th place; English: 10th place)

bbc.co.uk

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fcc.gov (Global: 583rd place; English: 261st place)

fcc.gov

transition.fcc.gov

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govinfo.gov (Global: 1,755th place; English: 831st place)

hathitrust.org (Global: 296th place; English: 153rd place)

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historyofinformation.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

italiamiga.com.br (Global: low place; English: low place)

itu.int (Global: 1,487th place; English: 1,305th place)

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ofcom.org.uk

media.ofcom.org.uk

psu.edu (Global: 299th place; English: 159th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

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radioworld.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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thelocal.no (Global: low place; English: low place)

ukradio.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

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pdfpiw.uspto.gov

vrt.be (Global: 1,481st place; English: 3,165th place)

w0is.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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wgbh.org (Global: 8,327th place; English: 4,343rd place)

wgem.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

worldradiohistory.com (Global: 127th place; English: 68th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

artsandculture.google.com (Global: 3,498^th place; English: 2,942^nd place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

fcc.gov (Global: 583^rd place; English: 261^st place)

gov.br (Global: 2,970^th place; English: 4,711^th place)

govinfo.gov (Global: 1,755^th place; English: 831^st place)

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psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

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vrt.be (Global: 1,481^st place; English: 3,165^th place)

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wgbh.org (Global: 8,327^th place; English: 4,343^rd place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

worldradiohistory.com (Global: 127^th place; English: 68^th place)