Fall of the Western Roman Empire (English Wikipedia)

Wigg-Wolf, David. Supplying a dying empire? The mint of Trier in the late 4th century AD. pp. 217–233 in Produktion und Recyceln von Münzen in der Spätantike / Produire et recycler la monnaie au Bas-Empire. Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Archäologie und Centre Michel de Boüard CRAHAM (UMR 6273) Université de Caen Normandie. 2016 Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, Mainz SONDERDRUCK / TIRÉ À PART RGZM – TAGUNGEN Band 29 Jérémie Chameroy · Pierre-Marie Guihard (dir.) 1. Internationales Numismatikertreffen / 1ères Rencontres internationales de numismatique (15–16 mai 2014, Mainz) ISBN 978-3884672709 ISSN 1862-4812 https://www.academia.edu/27941832/Supplying_a_Dying_Empire_The_Mint_of_Trier_in_the_Late_4th_Century_AD Archived 2022-06-01 at the Wayback Machine accessed 31 May 2022
Rosenbaum, S; "Who was Vegetius?" published on Academia.edu 2015 https://www.academia.edu/5496690/Who_was_Vegetius Archived 2021-03-08 at the Wayback Machine

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Perrottet, Tony (2004). The Naked Olympics: The True Story of the Ancient Games. Random House Digital, Inc. pp. 190–. ISBN 978-1-58836-382-4. Retrieved 1 April 2013.

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Bradbury, Scott (1995). "Julian's Pagan Revival and the Decline of Blood Sacrifice" (PDF). Phoenix. 49 (4): 331–356. doi:10.2307/1088885. JSTOR 1088885. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-08-22. Retrieved 2021-07-27.

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Codex Theodosianus 9.24.1.1 https://preserver.beic.it/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE668970

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Heather, Peter (2007). The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians. Historia (E-libro). Oxford University Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-0199978618.
Jongman, Willem (2007). "Gibbon was right: The decline and fall of the roman economy". Crises and the Roman Empire. pp. 183–199. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004160507.i-448.38. ISBN 978-9047420903. S2CID 161222282.
Errington 2006, pp. 248–249. Errington, R. Malcolm (2006). Roman Imperial Policy from Julian to Theodosius. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-3038-0.
Hebblewhite 2020, chapter 8. Hebblewhite, Mark (2020). Theodosius and the Limits of Empire. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315103334. ISBN 978-1-138-10298-9. S2CID 213344890.
Gildas, ed. and trans. Michael Winterbottom (1978). The Ruin of Britain and Other Works Phillimore. pp. 23–24 Archived 2023-04-05 at the Wayback Machine.

brepolsonline.net

Testa 2007, p. 260. Testa, Rita Lizzi (2007). "Christian emperor, vestal virgins and priestly colleges: Reconsidering the end of roman paganism". Antiquité tardive. 15: 251–262. doi:10.1484/J.AT.2.303121. Archived from the original on 2022-10-07. Retrieved 2023-03-13.

britannica.com

"Ancient Rome: The reign of Julian". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Archived from the original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
"Romulus Augustulus – Roman emperor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2015-06-01. Retrieved 2022-06-21.

ccel.org

Gibbon, Edward. "2. Fall In The West". The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Archived from the original on 2012-10-15. Retrieved 2012-06-26.
De gubernatione Dei by Salvianus. The fifth book. verses 5–7. http://www.ccel.org/ccel/salvian/govt.iv.vi.html Archived 2012-08-27 at the Wayback Machine
The Life of St. Severinus Archived 2012-04-23 at the Wayback Machine (1914) by Eugippius pp. 13–113, English translation by George W. Robinson, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

digitalattic.org

De Re Militari. Flavius Vegetius Renatus. Translated by Lieutenant John Clarke 1767. Etext version by Mads Brevik (2001) http://www.digitalattic.org/home/war/vegetius/ Archived 2020-04-21 at the Wayback Machine

doi.org

Gregory, T. (1986). The Survival of Paganism in Christian Greece: A Critical Essay. The American Journal of Philology, 107(2), 229–242. doi:10.2307/294605
Gregory, T. (1986). The Survival of Paganism in Christian Greece: A Critical Essay. The American Journal of Philology, 107(2), 229–242. doi:10.2307/294605
Bowersock, Glen W. (1996). "The Vanishing Paradigm of the Fall of Rome". Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 49 (8): 29–43. doi:10.2307/3824699. JSTOR 3824699.
Gruman 1960, pp. 84–85. Gruman, Gerald J. (1960). "'Balance' and 'Excess' as Gibbon's Explanation of the Decline and Fall". History and Theory. 1 (1): 75–85. doi:10.2307/2504258. JSTOR 2504258.
Jordan 1969, pp. 83, 93–94. Jordan, David P. (1969). "Gibbon's "Age of Constantine" and the Fall of Rome". History and Theory. 8 (1): 71–96. doi:10.2307/2504190. JSTOR 2504190.
Brown 2013, p. 37. Brown, Peter (2013). "Gibbon's Views on Culture and Society in the Fifth and Sixth Centuries". In Bowersock, G. W.; Clive, John; Graubard, Stephen R. (eds.). Edward Gibbon and the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Harvard University Press. pp. 37–52. doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674733695.c5. ISBN 978-0674733695.
Drancourt, M.; Raoult, D. (November 2016). "Molecular history of plague". Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 22 (11): 911–915. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2016.08.031. PMID 27615720.
Rives, James B. (2010). "Graeco-Roman Religion in the Roman Empire: Old Assumptions and New Approaches". Currents in Biblical Research. 8 (2): 240–299. doi:10.1177/1476993X09347454. S2CID 161124650.
McCormick, Michael; Büntgen, Ulf; Cane, Mark A.; Cook, Edward R.; Harper, Kyle; Huybers, Peter; Litt, Thomas; Manning, Sturt W.; Mayewski, Paul Andrew; More, Alexander F. M.; Nicolussi, Kurt; Tegel, Willy (August 2012). "Climate Change during and after the Roman Empire: Reconstructing the Past from Scientific and Historical Evidence". The Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 43 (2): 169–220. doi:10.1162/JINH_a_00379. S2CID 16489531.
Turchin, Peter; Scheidel, Walter (2009). "Coin hoards speak of population declines in Ancient Rome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 106 (41): 17276–17279. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10617276T. doi:10.1073/pnas.0904576106. PMC 2762679. PMID 19805043.
Scheidel, Walter (2015). "A model of demographic and economic change in Roman Egypt after the Antonine plague". Journal of Roman Archaeology. 15: 97. doi:10.1017/S1047759400013854. S2CID 160954017.
McMichael, Anthony (2017). "Romans, Mayans, and Anasazi: The Classical Optimum to Droughts in the Americas". Climate Change and the Health of Nations. doi:10.1093/oso/9780190262952.003.0012. ISBN 978-0-19-026295-2.
Jongman, Willem (2007). "Gibbon was right: The decline and fall of the roman economy". Crises and the Roman Empire. pp. 183–199. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004160507.i-448.38. ISBN 978-9047420903. S2CID 161222282.
Brown 2013, p. 48. Brown, Peter (2013). "Gibbon's Views on Culture and Society in the Fifth and Sixth Centuries". In Bowersock, G. W.; Clive, John; Graubard, Stephen R. (eds.). Edward Gibbon and the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Harvard University Press. pp. 37–52. doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674733695.c5. ISBN 978-0674733695.
Ernst Badian. Calpurnius Piso Frugi, Lucius https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1312
Bradbury, Scott (1995). "Julian's Pagan Revival and the Decline of Blood Sacrifice". Phoenix. 49 (4): 331–356. doi:10.2307/1088885. JSTOR 1088885.
Bradbury, Scott (1995). "Julian's Pagan Revival and the Decline of Blood Sacrifice" (PDF). Phoenix. 49 (4): 331–356. doi:10.2307/1088885. JSTOR 1088885. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-08-22. Retrieved 2021-07-27.
Hebblewhite 2020, chapter 8. Hebblewhite, Mark (2020). Theodosius and the Limits of Empire. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315103334. ISBN 978-1-138-10298-9. S2CID 213344890.
Testa 2007, p. 260. Testa, Rita Lizzi (2007). "Christian emperor, vestal virgins and priestly colleges: Reconsidering the end of roman paganism". Antiquité tardive. 15: 251–262. doi:10.1484/J.AT.2.303121. Archived from the original on 2022-10-07. Retrieved 2023-03-13.
Graf 2014, pp. 229–232. Graf, Fritz (2014). "Laying Down the Law in Ferragosto: The Roman Visit of Theodosius in Summer 389". Journal of Early Christian Studies. 22 (2): 219–242. doi:10.1353/earl.2014.0022. S2CID 159641057.

gutenberg.org

Gibbon 1782, Chapter I: The Extent Of The Empire In The Age Of The Antonines. Chapter II: The Internal Prosperity In The Age Of The Antonines. Chapter III: The Constitution In The Age Of The Antonines.. Gibbon, Edward (1782). History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman. 1845 (Revised) (published 2008). Archived from the original on 2017-08-30.
Gibbon 1782, Chapter XXVII: Civil Wars, Reign Of Theodosius. Part I. Death Of Gratian.. Gibbon, Edward (1782). History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman. 1845 (Revised) (published 2008). Archived from the original on 2017-08-30.
Livy (Titus Livius) (2013). The History of Rome. Translated by McDevitte, W. A. (William Alexander). Archived from the original on 2019-02-02. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
Gibbon 1782, Chapter XXXIV: Attila. Part II.. Gibbon, Edward (1782). History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman. 1845 (Revised) (published 2008). Archived from the original on 2017-08-30.
Gibbon 1782, Chapter XXXIV: Attila. Part I.. Gibbon, Edward (1782). History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman. 1845 (Revised) (published 2008). Archived from the original on 2017-08-30.
Gibbon 1782, Chapter XXXV: Invasion By Attila. Part I. [1]. Gibbon, Edward (1782). History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman. 1845 (Revised) (published 2008). Archived from the original on 2017-08-30.
Gibbon 1782, Chapter XXXIV: Attila. Part I. [2]. Gibbon, Edward (1782). History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman. 1845 (Revised) (published 2008). Archived from the original on 2017-08-30.
Gibbon, Chapter XXXV: Invasion By Attila. Part III. [3].
Gibbon 1782, Chapter XXXVI: Total Extinction Of The Western Empire.. Gibbon, Edward (1782). History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman. 1845 (Revised) (published 2008). Archived from the original on 2017-08-30.
Gibbon 1782, Chapter XXXVI: Total Extinction Of The Western Empire. Part II.. Gibbon, Edward (1782). History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman. 1845 (Revised) (published 2008). Archived from the original on 2017-08-30.

harvard.edu

nrs.harvard.edu

McCormick, Michael; Büntgen, Ulf; Cane, Mark A.; Cook, Edward R.; Harper, Kyle; Huybers, Peter; Litt, Thomas; Manning, Sturt W.; Mayewski, Paul Andrew; More, Alexander F. M.; Nicolussi, Kurt; Tegel, Willy (August 2012). "Climate Change during and after the Roman Empire: Reconstructing the Past from Scientific and Historical Evidence". The Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 43 (2): 169–220. doi:10.1162/JINH_a_00379. S2CID 16489531.

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Turchin, Peter; Scheidel, Walter (2009). "Coin hoards speak of population declines in Ancient Rome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 106 (41): 17276–17279. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10617276T. doi:10.1073/pnas.0904576106. PMC 2762679. PMID 19805043.

chs.harvard.edu

Keith Bradley, "'The Bitter Chain of Slavery’: Reflections on Slavery in Ancient Rome," Snowden Lectures, Hellenic Centre of Harvard University (November 2, 2020), https://chs.harvard.edu/curated-article/snowden-lectures-keith-bradley-the-bitter-chain-of-slavery

jstor.org

Bowersock, Glen W. (1996). "The Vanishing Paradigm of the Fall of Rome". Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 49 (8): 29–43. doi:10.2307/3824699. JSTOR 3824699.
Gruman 1960, pp. 84–85. Gruman, Gerald J. (1960). "'Balance' and 'Excess' as Gibbon's Explanation of the Decline and Fall". History and Theory. 1 (1): 75–85. doi:10.2307/2504258. JSTOR 2504258.
Jordan 1969, pp. 83, 93–94. Jordan, David P. (1969). "Gibbon's "Age of Constantine" and the Fall of Rome". History and Theory. 8 (1): 71–96. doi:10.2307/2504190. JSTOR 2504190.
Piganiol 1950, pp. 66–67. Piganiol, André (1950). "The Causes of the Fall of the Roman Empire". The Journal of General Education. 5 (1): 62–69. JSTOR 27795332.
Piganiol 1950, p. 66. Piganiol, André (1950). "The Causes of the Fall of the Roman Empire". The Journal of General Education. 5 (1): 62–69. JSTOR 27795332.
Bradbury, Scott (1995). "Julian's Pagan Revival and the Decline of Blood Sacrifice". Phoenix. 49 (4): 331–356. doi:10.2307/1088885. JSTOR 1088885.
Bradbury, Scott (1995). "Julian's Pagan Revival and the Decline of Blood Sacrifice" (PDF). Phoenix. 49 (4): 331–356. doi:10.2307/1088885. JSTOR 1088885. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-08-22. Retrieved 2021-07-27.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Drancourt, M.; Raoult, D. (November 2016). "Molecular history of plague". Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 22 (11): 911–915. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2016.08.031. PMID 27615720.
Turchin, Peter; Scheidel, Walter (2009). "Coin hoards speak of population declines in Ancient Rome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 106 (41): 17276–17279. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10617276T. doi:10.1073/pnas.0904576106. PMC 2762679. PMID 19805043.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Turchin, Peter; Scheidel, Walter (2009). "Coin hoards speak of population declines in Ancient Rome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 106 (41): 17276–17279. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10617276T. doi:10.1073/pnas.0904576106. PMC 2762679. PMID 19805043.

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Rives, James B. (2010). "Graeco-Roman Religion in the Roman Empire: Old Assumptions and New Approaches". Currents in Biblical Research. 8 (2): 240–299. doi:10.1177/1476993X09347454. S2CID 161124650.
McCormick, Michael; Büntgen, Ulf; Cane, Mark A.; Cook, Edward R.; Harper, Kyle; Huybers, Peter; Litt, Thomas; Manning, Sturt W.; Mayewski, Paul Andrew; More, Alexander F. M.; Nicolussi, Kurt; Tegel, Willy (August 2012). "Climate Change during and after the Roman Empire: Reconstructing the Past from Scientific and Historical Evidence". The Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 43 (2): 169–220. doi:10.1162/JINH_a_00379. S2CID 16489531.
Scheidel, Walter (2015). "A model of demographic and economic change in Roman Egypt after the Antonine plague". Journal of Roman Archaeology. 15: 97. doi:10.1017/S1047759400013854. S2CID 160954017.
Jongman, Willem (2007). "Gibbon was right: The decline and fall of the roman economy". Crises and the Roman Empire. pp. 183–199. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004160507.i-448.38. ISBN 978-9047420903. S2CID 161222282.
Hebblewhite 2020, chapter 8. Hebblewhite, Mark (2020). Theodosius and the Limits of Empire. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315103334. ISBN 978-1-138-10298-9. S2CID 213344890.
Graf 2014, pp. 229–232. Graf, Fritz (2014). "Laying Down the Law in Ferragosto: The Roman Visit of Theodosius in Summer 389". Journal of Early Christian Studies. 22 (2): 219–242. doi:10.1353/earl.2014.0022. S2CID 159641057.

tertullian.org

Macarius Magnes, Apocriticus IV: 23 Archived 2021-12-18 at the Wayback Machine: "Therefore you make a great mistake in thinking that God is angry if any other is called a god, and obtains the same title as Himself. For even rulers do not object to the title from their subjects, nor masters from slaves."
Zosimus, Nova Historia, book 5. http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/zosimus05_book5.htm Archived 2019-10-11 at the Wayback Machine

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Demandt, Alexander. 210 Theories. Archived from the original on 2017-11-13. Retrieved 2018-11-22., quoting Demandt, A. (1984). Der Fall Roms. p. 695.

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Dio Cassius 72.36.4 Archived 2021-02-21 at the Wayback Machine, Loeb edition translated E. Cary
Demandt, Alexander. 210 Theories. Archived from the original on 2017-11-13. Retrieved 2018-11-22., quoting Demandt, A. (1984). Der Fall Roms. p. 695.
Gibbon 1782, Chapter I: The Extent Of The Empire In The Age Of The Antonines. Chapter II: The Internal Prosperity In The Age Of The Antonines. Chapter III: The Constitution In The Age Of The Antonines.. Gibbon, Edward (1782). History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman. 1845 (Revised) (published 2008). Archived from the original on 2017-08-30.
Victor, Aurelius, "XXXIII", De Caesaribus (in Latin), archived from the original on 2012-10-12, retrieved 2012-07-01, verse 34: Et patres quidem praeter commune Romani malum orbis stimulabat proprii ordinis contumelia, 34 quia primus ipse metu socordiae suae, ne imperium ad optimos nobilium transferretur, senatum militia vetuit et adire exercitum. Huic novem annorum potentia fuit
Macarius Magnes, Apocriticus IV: 23 Archived 2021-12-18 at the Wayback Machine: "Therefore you make a great mistake in thinking that God is angry if any other is called a god, and obtains the same title as Himself. For even rulers do not object to the title from their subjects, nor masters from slaves."
Gibbon, Edward. "2. Fall In The West". The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Archived from the original on 2012-10-15. Retrieved 2012-06-26.
Wigg-Wolf, David. Supplying a dying empire? The mint of Trier in the late 4th century AD. pp. 217–233 in Produktion und Recyceln von Münzen in der Spätantike / Produire et recycler la monnaie au Bas-Empire. Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Archäologie und Centre Michel de Boüard CRAHAM (UMR 6273) Université de Caen Normandie. 2016 Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, Mainz SONDERDRUCK / TIRÉ À PART RGZM – TAGUNGEN Band 29 Jérémie Chameroy · Pierre-Marie Guihard (dir.) 1. Internationales Numismatikertreffen / 1ères Rencontres internationales de numismatique (15–16 mai 2014, Mainz) ISBN 978-3884672709 ISSN 1862-4812 https://www.academia.edu/27941832/Supplying_a_Dying_Empire_The_Mint_of_Trier_in_the_Late_4th_Century_AD Archived 2022-06-01 at the Wayback Machine accessed 31 May 2022
Bradbury, Scott (1995). "Julian's Pagan Revival and the Decline of Blood Sacrifice" (PDF). Phoenix. 49 (4): 331–356. doi:10.2307/1088885. JSTOR 1088885. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-08-22. Retrieved 2021-07-27.
"Ancient Rome: The reign of Julian". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Archived from the original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
Gibbon 1782, Chapter XXVII: Civil Wars, Reign Of Theodosius. Part I. Death Of Gratian.. Gibbon, Edward (1782). History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman. 1845 (Revised) (published 2008). Archived from the original on 2017-08-30.
Livy (Titus Livius) (2013). The History of Rome. Translated by McDevitte, W. A. (William Alexander). Archived from the original on 2019-02-02. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
Testa 2007, p. 260. Testa, Rita Lizzi (2007). "Christian emperor, vestal virgins and priestly colleges: Reconsidering the end of roman paganism". Antiquité tardive. 15: 251–262. doi:10.1484/J.AT.2.303121. Archived from the original on 2022-10-07. Retrieved 2023-03-13.
Zosimus, Nova Historia, book 5. http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/zosimus05_book5.htm Archived 2019-10-11 at the Wayback Machine
Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series II/Volume VI/The Letters of St. Jerome/Letter 127 Philip Schaff et al. http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Nicene_and_Post-Nicene_Fathers:_Series_II/Volume_VI/The_Letters_of_St._Jerome/Letter_127 Archived 2011-10-23 at the Wayback Machine
Gibbon 1782, Chapter XXXIV: Attila. Part II.. Gibbon, Edward (1782). History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman. 1845 (Revised) (published 2008). Archived from the original on 2017-08-30.
Rosenbaum, S; "Who was Vegetius?" published on Academia.edu 2015 https://www.academia.edu/5496690/Who_was_Vegetius Archived 2021-03-08 at the Wayback Machine
De Re Militari. Flavius Vegetius Renatus. Translated by Lieutenant John Clarke 1767. Etext version by Mads Brevik (2001) http://www.digitalattic.org/home/war/vegetius/ Archived 2020-04-21 at the Wayback Machine
De gubernatione Dei by Salvianus. The fifth book. verses 5–7. http://www.ccel.org/ccel/salvian/govt.iv.vi.html Archived 2012-08-27 at the Wayback Machine
Gildas, ed. and trans. Michael Winterbottom (1978). The Ruin of Britain and Other Works Phillimore. pp. 23–24 Archived 2023-04-05 at the Wayback Machine.
Gibbon 1782, Chapter XXXIV: Attila. Part I.. Gibbon, Edward (1782). History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman. 1845 (Revised) (published 2008). Archived from the original on 2017-08-30.
Gibbon 1782, Chapter XXXV: Invasion By Attila. Part I. [1]. Gibbon, Edward (1782). History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman. 1845 (Revised) (published 2008). Archived from the original on 2017-08-30.
Gibbon 1782, Chapter XXXIV: Attila. Part I. [2]. Gibbon, Edward (1782). History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman. 1845 (Revised) (published 2008). Archived from the original on 2017-08-30.
The Life of St. Severinus Archived 2012-04-23 at the Wayback Machine (1914) by Eugippius pp. 13–113, English translation by George W. Robinson, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Gibbon 1782, Chapter XXXVI: Total Extinction Of The Western Empire.. Gibbon, Edward (1782). History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman. 1845 (Revised) (published 2008). Archived from the original on 2017-08-30.
Gibbon 1782, Chapter XXXVI: Total Extinction Of The Western Empire. Part II.. Gibbon, Edward (1782). History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman. 1845 (Revised) (published 2008). Archived from the original on 2017-08-30.
"Romulus Augustulus – Roman emperor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2015-06-01. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
De Imperatoribus Romanis, archived from the original on 2015-06-01, retrieved 2013-06-24

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

See: Zosimus. book 5 – via Wikisource.
Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series II/Volume VI/The Letters of St. Jerome/Letter 127 Philip Schaff et al. http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Nicene_and_Post-Nicene_Fathers:_Series_II/Volume_VI/The_Letters_of_St._Jerome/Letter_127 Archived 2011-10-23 at the Wayback Machine

worldcat.org

Wigg-Wolf, David. Supplying a dying empire? The mint of Trier in the late 4th century AD. pp. 217–233 in Produktion und Recyceln von Münzen in der Spätantike / Produire et recycler la monnaie au Bas-Empire. Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Archäologie und Centre Michel de Boüard CRAHAM (UMR 6273) Université de Caen Normandie. 2016 Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, Mainz SONDERDRUCK / TIRÉ À PART RGZM – TAGUNGEN Band 29 Jérémie Chameroy · Pierre-Marie Guihard (dir.) 1. Internationales Numismatikertreffen / 1ères Rencontres internationales de numismatique (15–16 mai 2014, Mainz) ISBN 978-3884672709 ISSN 1862-4812 https://www.academia.edu/27941832/Supplying_a_Dying_Empire_The_Mint_of_Trier_in_the_Late_4th_Century_AD Archived 2022-06-01 at the Wayback Machine accessed 31 May 2022
Levillain, Philippe, ed. (2002). The papacy: an encyclopedia. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0415922283. OCLC 47237751.