For broad context on Delaware's African-American community, see Annette Woolard-Provine, Integrating Delaware: The Reddings of Wilmington (Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press, 2003); Carol Hoffecker and Annette Woolard, "Black Women in Delaware's History," http://www1.udel.edu/BlackHistory/blackwomen.html ; and Pauline A. Young, "The Negro in Delaware: Past and Present," in Delaware: A History of the First State, ed. H. Clay Reed and Marion Bjornson Reed (New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1947), II, 581-606.
