Fasting (English Wikipedia)

Norman, Dr (17 April 2003). "Fasting before surgery – Health & Wellbeing". Abc.net.au. Archived from the original on 29 May 2010. Retrieved 18 October 2010.

al-mawrid.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"History of the Fast". Archived from the original on 27 December 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2016.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Jacobs, Henry Eyster; Haas, John Augustus William (1899). The Lutheran Cyclopedia. Scribner. p. 110. Archived from the original on 9 April 2010. Retrieved 14 November 2019. By many Lutherans Good Friday is observed as a strict fast. The lessons on Ash Wednesday emphasize the proper idea of the fast. The Sundays in Lent receive their names from the first words of their Introits in the Latin service, Invocavit, Reminiscere, Oculi, Lcetare, Judica.
Fishbein, Morris. (1932). Fads and Quackery in Healing: An Analysis of the Foibles of the Healing Cults. New York: Covici Friede. p. 253

bahai.org (Global: 6,064^th place; English: 4,701^st place)

"Fasting | Devotion | The Life of the Spirit | What Bahá'ís Believe". www.bahai.org. Retrieved 25 February 2026.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

ON THIS DAY 1981: Violence erupts at Irish hunger strike protest, BBC News

bda.uk.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Porter, Sian (May 2016). "Detox diets" (PDF). British Dietetic Association. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2019. The whole idea of detox is nonsense. The body is a well-developed system that has its own built-in mechanisms to detoxify and remove waste and toxins. Our body constantly filters out, breaks down and excretes toxins and waste products like alcohol, medications, products of digestion, dead cells, chemicals from pollution and bacteria

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Whitney, Eleanor Noss; Rolfes, Sharon Rady (2012). Understanding Nutrition. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-133-58752-1. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
Russell, Sharman Apt; Russell, Sharman (1 August 2008). Hunger: An Unnatural History. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-7867-2239-6. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2017.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"fasting | Definition, Description, Types, Benefits, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2 October 2025. Retrieved 28 October 2021.

churchofjesuschrist.org (Global: 1,733^rd place; English: 879^th place)

"The Law of the Fast" (PDF). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 August 2022. Retrieved 7 October 2023.

clevelandclinic.org (Global: 4,153^rd place; English: 2,922^nd place)

health.clevelandclinic.org

"Intermittent Fasting: How It Works". Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 23 August 2024.

cuh.nhs.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Dietary advice for patients with gallstones". Cambridge University Hospitals. Archived from the original on 23 August 2024. Retrieved 23 August 2024.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Cioffi I, Evangelista A, Ponzo V, Ciccone G, Soldati L, Santarpia L, et al. (December 2018). "Intermittent versus continuous energy restriction on weight loss and cardiometabolic outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Journal of Translational Medicine (Systematic review). 16 (1) 371. doi:10.1186/s12967-018-1748-4. PMC 6304782. PMID 30583725.
Harris L, Hamilton S, Azevedo LB, Olajide J, De Brún C, Waller G, et al. (February 2018). "Intermittent fasting interventions for treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis" (PDF). JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports. 16 (2): 507–547. doi:10.11124/JBISRIR-2016-003248. PMID 29419624. S2CID 46780578. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
Mattson MP, Longo VD, Harvie M (October 2017). "Impact of intermittent fasting on health and disease processes". Ageing Research Reviews. 39: 46–58. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.005. PMC 5411330. PMID 27810402.
Papamichou D, Panagiotakos DB, Itsiopoulos C (June 2019). "Dietary patterns and management of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review of randomised clinical trials". Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases (Systematic review). 29 (6): 531–543. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2019.02.004. PMID 30952576. S2CID 86497236.
Patikorn, Chanthawat; Roubal, Kiera; Veettil, Sajesh K.; Chandran, Viji; Pham, Tuan; Lee, Yeong Yeh; Giovannucci, Edward L.; Varady, Krista A.; Chaiyakunapruk, Nathorn (17 December 2021). "Intermittent fasting and obesity-related health outcomes: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials". JAMA Network Open. 4 (12): e2139558. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.39558. ISSN 2574-3805. PMC 8683964. PMID 34919135.
Fond, G; MacGregor, A; Leboyer, M; Michalsen, A (2013). "Fasting in mood disorders: Neurobiology and effectiveness. A review of the literature". Psychiatry Research. 209 (3): 253–258. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.12.018. PMID 23332541. S2CID 39700065. Archived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
Anton, Stephen D; Moehl, Keelin; Donahoo, William T; et al. (2017). "Flipping the Metabolic Switch: Understanding and Applying the Health Benefits of Fasting". Obesity. 26 (2): 254–268. doi:10.1002/oby.22065. PMC 5783752. PMID 29086496.
Ezpeleta, Mark; Cienfuegos, Sofia; Lin, Shuhao; Pavlou, Vasiliki; Gabel, Kelsey; Varady, Krista A. (12 April 2024). "Efficacy and safety of prolonged water fasting: a narrative review of human trials". Nutrition Reviews. 82 (5): 664–675. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuad081. ISSN 1753-4887. PMC 11494232. PMID 37377031.
Lee MB, Hill CM, Bitto A, Kaeberlein M (November 2021). "Antiaging diets: Separating fact from fiction". Science. 374 (6570) eabe7365. doi:10.1126/science.abe7365. PMC 8841109. PMID 34793210.
Mehanna HM, Moledina J, Travis J (June 2008). "Refeeding syndrome: what it is, and how to prevent and treat it". BMJ. 336 (7659): 1495–8. doi:10.1136/bmj.a301. PMC 2440847. PMID 18583681.
Doig, GS; Simpson, F; Heighes; Bellomo, R; Chesher, D; Caterson, ID; Reade, MC; Harrigan, PWJ (1 December 2015). "Restricted versus continued standard caloric intake during the management of refeeding syndrome in critically ill adults: a randomised, parallel-group, multicentre, single-blind controlled trial". The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 3 (12): 943–952. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00418-X. ISSN 2213-2619. PMID 26597128.
Webb GJ, Smith K, Thursby-Pelham F, Smith T, Stroud MA, Da Silva AN (2011). "Complications of emergency refeeding in anorexia nervosa: case series and review". Acute Medicine. 10 (2): 69–76. doi:10.52964/AMJA.0470. PMID 22041604.
Trabelsi, Khaled; Ammar, Achraf; Boujelbane, Mohamed Ali; Puce, Luca; Garbarino, Sergio; Scoditti, Egeria; Boukhris, Omar; Khanfir, Saber; Clark, Cain C. T.; Glenn, Jordan M.; Alhaj, Omar A.; Jahrami, Haitham; Chtourou, Hamdi; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi (2022). "Religious fasting and its impacts on individual, public, and planetary health: Fasting as a "religious health asset" for a healthier, more equitable, and sustainable society". Frontiers in Nutrition. 9 1036496. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1036496. ISSN 2296-861X. PMC 9729557. PMID 36505246.

els.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Martin Luther. "The Small Catechism" (PDF). Evangelical Lutheran Synod. Retrieved 18 May 2025.

glctulsa.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Fasting Guidelines" (PDF). Grace Evangelical Lutheran Church. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2025.

go.com (Global: 97^th place; English: 79^th place)

abcnews.go.com

"Do You Need to Starve Before Surgery?". Abcnews.go.com. 25 March 2009. Archived from the original on 8 February 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2010.

health.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Snake Diet—What It Is and Why It's Dangerous". Health. Retrieved 29 September 2024.

imam-us.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Islamic Laws of Fasting". IMAM-US.org. Retrieved 25 February 2026.

inserm.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

hal.inserm.fr

Fond, G; MacGregor, A; Leboyer, M; Michalsen, A (2013). "Fasting in mood disorders: Neurobiology and effectiveness. A review of the literature". Psychiatry Research. 209 (3): 253–258. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.12.018. PMID 23332541. S2CID 39700065. Archived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Harinarayanan, A. (1986). "GANDHI'S FASTS: AN ANALYSIS (Summary)". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 47: 696–698. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44141630.

lcms.org (Global: low place; English: 7,674^th place)

What is the holiest season of the Church Year? Archived 9 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 3 February 2010. Archived copy at the Internet Archive

lutheranmissionaustralia.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ristau, Harold (2020). "Tempted to fast? Fasting and feasting as the Body of Christ". Lutheran Mission Australia. Archived from the original on 17 May 2025. Retrieved 18 May 2025.

medicalbag.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Linda Hazzard: The "Starvation Doctor"" Archived 1 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 May 2019.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Cioffi I, Evangelista A, Ponzo V, Ciccone G, Soldati L, Santarpia L, et al. (December 2018). "Intermittent versus continuous energy restriction on weight loss and cardiometabolic outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Journal of Translational Medicine (Systematic review). 16 (1) 371. doi:10.1186/s12967-018-1748-4. PMC 6304782. PMID 30583725.
Harris L, Hamilton S, Azevedo LB, Olajide J, De Brún C, Waller G, et al. (February 2018). "Intermittent fasting interventions for treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis" (PDF). JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports. 16 (2): 507–547. doi:10.11124/JBISRIR-2016-003248. PMID 29419624. S2CID 46780578. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
Mattson MP, Longo VD, Harvie M (October 2017). "Impact of intermittent fasting on health and disease processes". Ageing Research Reviews. 39: 46–58. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.005. PMC 5411330. PMID 27810402.
Papamichou D, Panagiotakos DB, Itsiopoulos C (June 2019). "Dietary patterns and management of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review of randomised clinical trials". Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases (Systematic review). 29 (6): 531–543. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2019.02.004. PMID 30952576. S2CID 86497236.
Patikorn, Chanthawat; Roubal, Kiera; Veettil, Sajesh K.; Chandran, Viji; Pham, Tuan; Lee, Yeong Yeh; Giovannucci, Edward L.; Varady, Krista A.; Chaiyakunapruk, Nathorn (17 December 2021). "Intermittent fasting and obesity-related health outcomes: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials". JAMA Network Open. 4 (12): e2139558. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.39558. ISSN 2574-3805. PMC 8683964. PMID 34919135.
Fond, G; MacGregor, A; Leboyer, M; Michalsen, A (2013). "Fasting in mood disorders: Neurobiology and effectiveness. A review of the literature". Psychiatry Research. 209 (3): 253–258. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.12.018. PMID 23332541. S2CID 39700065. Archived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
Anton, Stephen D; Moehl, Keelin; Donahoo, William T; et al. (2017). "Flipping the Metabolic Switch: Understanding and Applying the Health Benefits of Fasting". Obesity. 26 (2): 254–268. doi:10.1002/oby.22065. PMC 5783752. PMID 29086496.
Ezpeleta, Mark; Cienfuegos, Sofia; Lin, Shuhao; Pavlou, Vasiliki; Gabel, Kelsey; Varady, Krista A. (12 April 2024). "Efficacy and safety of prolonged water fasting: a narrative review of human trials". Nutrition Reviews. 82 (5): 664–675. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuad081. ISSN 1753-4887. PMC 11494232. PMID 37377031.
Kerndt, Peter R.; Naughton, James L.; Driscoll, Charles E.; Loxterkamp, David A. (November 1982). "Fasting: The History, Pathophysiology and Complications". Western Journal of Medicine. 137 (5): 379–399. ISSN 0093-0415. PMC 1274154. PMID 6758355.
Cahill, G. F. (1983). "President's address. Starvation". Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association. 94: 1–21. ISSN 0065-7778. PMC 2279566. PMID 6764569.
Lee MB, Hill CM, Bitto A, Kaeberlein M (November 2021). "Antiaging diets: Separating fact from fiction". Science. 374 (6570) eabe7365. doi:10.1126/science.abe7365. PMC 8841109. PMID 34793210.
Mehanna HM, Moledina J, Travis J (June 2008). "Refeeding syndrome: what it is, and how to prevent and treat it". BMJ. 336 (7659): 1495–8. doi:10.1136/bmj.a301. PMC 2440847. PMID 18583681.
Doig, GS; Simpson, F; Heighes; Bellomo, R; Chesher, D; Caterson, ID; Reade, MC; Harrigan, PWJ (1 December 2015). "Restricted versus continued standard caloric intake during the management of refeeding syndrome in critically ill adults: a randomised, parallel-group, multicentre, single-blind controlled trial". The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 3 (12): 943–952. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00418-X. ISSN 2213-2619. PMID 26597128.
Webb GJ, Smith K, Thursby-Pelham F, Smith T, Stroud MA, Da Silva AN (2011). "Complications of emergency refeeding in anorexia nervosa: case series and review". Acute Medicine. 10 (2): 69–76. doi:10.52964/AMJA.0470. PMID 22041604.
Trabelsi, Khaled; Ammar, Achraf; Boujelbane, Mohamed Ali; Puce, Luca; Garbarino, Sergio; Scoditti, Egeria; Boukhris, Omar; Khanfir, Saber; Clark, Cain C. T.; Glenn, Jordan M.; Alhaj, Omar A.; Jahrami, Haitham; Chtourou, Hamdi; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi (2022). "Religious fasting and its impacts on individual, public, and planetary health: Fasting as a "religious health asset" for a healthier, more equitable, and sustainable society". Frontiers in Nutrition. 9 1036496. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1036496. ISSN 2296-861X. PMC 9729557. PMID 36505246.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Cioffi I, Evangelista A, Ponzo V, Ciccone G, Soldati L, Santarpia L, et al. (December 2018). "Intermittent versus continuous energy restriction on weight loss and cardiometabolic outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Journal of Translational Medicine (Systematic review). 16 (1) 371. doi:10.1186/s12967-018-1748-4. PMC 6304782. PMID 30583725.
Mattson MP, Longo VD, Harvie M (October 2017). "Impact of intermittent fasting on health and disease processes". Ageing Research Reviews. 39: 46–58. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.005. PMC 5411330. PMID 27810402.
Patikorn, Chanthawat; Roubal, Kiera; Veettil, Sajesh K.; Chandran, Viji; Pham, Tuan; Lee, Yeong Yeh; Giovannucci, Edward L.; Varady, Krista A.; Chaiyakunapruk, Nathorn (17 December 2021). "Intermittent fasting and obesity-related health outcomes: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials". JAMA Network Open. 4 (12): e2139558. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.39558. ISSN 2574-3805. PMC 8683964. PMID 34919135.
Anton, Stephen D; Moehl, Keelin; Donahoo, William T; et al. (2017). "Flipping the Metabolic Switch: Understanding and Applying the Health Benefits of Fasting". Obesity. 26 (2): 254–268. doi:10.1002/oby.22065. PMC 5783752. PMID 29086496.
Ezpeleta, Mark; Cienfuegos, Sofia; Lin, Shuhao; Pavlou, Vasiliki; Gabel, Kelsey; Varady, Krista A. (12 April 2024). "Efficacy and safety of prolonged water fasting: a narrative review of human trials". Nutrition Reviews. 82 (5): 664–675. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuad081. ISSN 1753-4887. PMC 11494232. PMID 37377031.
Kerndt, Peter R.; Naughton, James L.; Driscoll, Charles E.; Loxterkamp, David A. (November 1982). "Fasting: The History, Pathophysiology and Complications". Western Journal of Medicine. 137 (5): 379–399. ISSN 0093-0415. PMC 1274154. PMID 6758355.
Cahill, G. F. (1983). "President's address. Starvation". Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association. 94: 1–21. ISSN 0065-7778. PMC 2279566. PMID 6764569.
Lee MB, Hill CM, Bitto A, Kaeberlein M (November 2021). "Antiaging diets: Separating fact from fiction". Science. 374 (6570) eabe7365. doi:10.1126/science.abe7365. PMC 8841109. PMID 34793210.
Mehanna HM, Moledina J, Travis J (June 2008). "Refeeding syndrome: what it is, and how to prevent and treat it". BMJ. 336 (7659): 1495–8. doi:10.1136/bmj.a301. PMC 2440847. PMID 18583681.
Trabelsi, Khaled; Ammar, Achraf; Boujelbane, Mohamed Ali; Puce, Luca; Garbarino, Sergio; Scoditti, Egeria; Boukhris, Omar; Khanfir, Saber; Clark, Cain C. T.; Glenn, Jordan M.; Alhaj, Omar A.; Jahrami, Haitham; Chtourou, Hamdi; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi (2022). "Religious fasting and its impacts on individual, public, and planetary health: Fasting as a "religious health asset" for a healthier, more equitable, and sustainable society". Frontiers in Nutrition. 9 1036496. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1036496. ISSN 2296-861X. PMC 9729557. PMID 36505246.

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Trabelsi, Khaled; Ammar, Achraf; Boujelbane, Mohamed Ali; Puce, Luca; Garbarino, Sergio; Scoditti, Egeria; Boukhris, Omar; Khanfir, Saber; Clark, Cain C. T.; Glenn, Jordan M.; Alhaj, Omar A.; Jahrami, Haitham; Chtourou, Hamdi; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi (2022). "Religious fasting and its impacts on individual, public, and planetary health: Fasting as a "religious health asset" for a healthier, more equitable, and sustainable society". Frontiers in Nutrition. 9 1036496. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1036496. ISSN 2296-861X. PMC 9729557. PMID 36505246.

sciencebasedmedicine.org (Global: 7,597^th place; English: 5,441^st place)

David Gorski (23 May 2011). "Fashionably toxic". Science-Based Medicine. Archived from the original on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
Hall, Harriett. (2016). "Natural Medicine, Starvation, and Murder: The Story of Linda Hazzard" Archived 1 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Science-Based Medicine. Retrieved 1 May 2019.

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

Kuske, Terrence T. (1983). Quackery and Fad Diets Archived 20 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine. In Elaine B. Feldman. Nutrition in the Middle and Later Years. John Wright & Sons. pp. 291–303. ISBN 0-7236-7046-3

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Harris L, Hamilton S, Azevedo LB, Olajide J, De Brún C, Waller G, et al. (February 2018). "Intermittent fasting interventions for treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis" (PDF). JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports. 16 (2): 507–547. doi:10.11124/JBISRIR-2016-003248. PMID 29419624. S2CID 46780578. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
Papamichou D, Panagiotakos DB, Itsiopoulos C (June 2019). "Dietary patterns and management of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review of randomised clinical trials". Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases (Systematic review). 29 (6): 531–543. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2019.02.004. PMID 30952576. S2CID 86497236.
Fond, G; MacGregor, A; Leboyer, M; Michalsen, A (2013). "Fasting in mood disorders: Neurobiology and effectiveness. A review of the literature". Psychiatry Research. 209 (3): 253–258. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.12.018. PMID 23332541. S2CID 39700065. Archived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.

steadfastlutherans.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Preus, Klemet (8 January 2015). "Communion Every Sunday: Surprise, Surprise". Retrieved 18 May 2025.

ststephenlutheranchurch.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Weitzel, Thomas L. (1978). "A Handbook for the Discipline of Lent" (PDF). Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 March 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2018.

tees.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

research.tees.ac.uk

Harris L, Hamilton S, Azevedo LB, Olajide J, De Brún C, Waller G, et al. (February 2018). "Intermittent fasting interventions for treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis" (PDF). JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports. 16 (2): 507–547. doi:10.11124/JBISRIR-2016-003248. PMID 29419624. S2CID 46780578. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.

vatican.va (Global: 184^th place; English: 336^th place)

"1983 Code of Canon Law". The Holy See. Archived from the original on 15 November 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
CIC 1983, c. 919. Code of Canon Law (CIC), Rome: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 4 November 2003 [1983].

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"fasting | Definition, Description, Types, Benefits, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2 October 2025. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
Harris L, Hamilton S, Azevedo LB, Olajide J, De Brún C, Waller G, et al. (February 2018). "Intermittent fasting interventions for treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis" (PDF). JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports. 16 (2): 507–547. doi:10.11124/JBISRIR-2016-003248. PMID 29419624. S2CID 46780578. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
"Do You Need to Starve Before Surgery?". Abcnews.go.com. 25 March 2009. Archived from the original on 8 February 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
Norman, Dr (17 April 2003). "Fasting before surgery – Health & Wellbeing". Abc.net.au. Archived from the original on 29 May 2010. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
"Anesthesia Information (full edition) | From Yes They're Fake!". Yestheyrefake.net. 1 January 1994. Archived from the original on 12 November 2010. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
Fond, G; MacGregor, A; Leboyer, M; Michalsen, A (2013). "Fasting in mood disorders: Neurobiology and effectiveness. A review of the literature". Psychiatry Research. 209 (3): 253–258. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.12.018. PMID 23332541. S2CID 39700065. Archived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
Whitney, Eleanor Noss; Rolfes, Sharon Rady (2012). Understanding Nutrition. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-133-58752-1. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
"Dietary advice for patients with gallstones". Cambridge University Hospitals. Archived from the original on 23 August 2024. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
"History of the Fast". Archived from the original on 27 December 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
"1983 Code of Canon Law". The Holy See. Archived from the original on 15 November 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
What is the holiest season of the Church Year? Archived 9 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 3 February 2010. Archived copy at the Internet Archive
Jacobs, Henry Eyster; Haas, John Augustus William (1899). The Lutheran Cyclopedia. Scribner. p. 110. Archived from the original on 9 April 2010. Retrieved 14 November 2019. By many Lutherans Good Friday is observed as a strict fast. The lessons on Ash Wednesday emphasize the proper idea of the fast. The Sundays in Lent receive their names from the first words of their Introits in the Latin service, Invocavit, Reminiscere, Oculi, Lcetare, Judica.
"Fasting Guidelines" (PDF). Grace Evangelical Lutheran Church. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2025.
Weitzel, Thomas L. (1978). "A Handbook for the Discipline of Lent" (PDF). Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 March 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
Ristau, Harold (2020). "Tempted to fast? Fasting and feasting as the Body of Christ". Lutheran Mission Australia. Archived from the original on 17 May 2025. Retrieved 18 May 2025.
"The Law of the Fast" (PDF). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 August 2022. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
Russell, Sharman Apt; Russell, Sharman (1 August 2008). Hunger: An Unnatural History. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-7867-2239-6. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
Porter, Sian (May 2016). "Detox diets" (PDF). British Dietetic Association. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2019. The whole idea of detox is nonsense. The body is a well-developed system that has its own built-in mechanisms to detoxify and remove waste and toxins. Our body constantly filters out, breaks down and excretes toxins and waste products like alcohol, medications, products of digestion, dead cells, chemicals from pollution and bacteria
David Gorski (23 May 2011). "Fashionably toxic". Science-Based Medicine. Archived from the original on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
Kuske, Terrence T. (1983). Quackery and Fad Diets Archived 20 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine. In Elaine B. Feldman. Nutrition in the Middle and Later Years. John Wright & Sons. pp. 291–303. ISBN 0-7236-7046-3
Hall, Harriett. (2016). "Natural Medicine, Starvation, and Murder: The Story of Linda Hazzard" Archived 1 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Science-Based Medicine. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
"Linda Hazzard: The "Starvation Doctor"" Archived 1 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 May 2019.

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Patikorn, Chanthawat; Roubal, Kiera; Veettil, Sajesh K.; Chandran, Viji; Pham, Tuan; Lee, Yeong Yeh; Giovannucci, Edward L.; Varady, Krista A.; Chaiyakunapruk, Nathorn (17 December 2021). "Intermittent fasting and obesity-related health outcomes: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials". JAMA Network Open. 4 (12): e2139558. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.39558. ISSN 2574-3805. PMC 8683964. PMID 34919135.
Ezpeleta, Mark; Cienfuegos, Sofia; Lin, Shuhao; Pavlou, Vasiliki; Gabel, Kelsey; Varady, Krista A. (12 April 2024). "Efficacy and safety of prolonged water fasting: a narrative review of human trials". Nutrition Reviews. 82 (5): 664–675. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuad081. ISSN 1753-4887. PMC 11494232. PMID 37377031.
Kerndt, Peter R.; Naughton, James L.; Driscoll, Charles E.; Loxterkamp, David A. (November 1982). "Fasting: The History, Pathophysiology and Complications". Western Journal of Medicine. 137 (5): 379–399. ISSN 0093-0415. PMC 1274154. PMID 6758355.
Cahill, G. F. (1983). "President's address. Starvation". Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association. 94: 1–21. ISSN 0065-7778. PMC 2279566. PMID 6764569.
Doig, GS; Simpson, F; Heighes; Bellomo, R; Chesher, D; Caterson, ID; Reade, MC; Harrigan, PWJ (1 December 2015). "Restricted versus continued standard caloric intake during the management of refeeding syndrome in critically ill adults: a randomised, parallel-group, multicentre, single-blind controlled trial". The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 3 (12): 943–952. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00418-X. ISSN 2213-2619. PMID 26597128.
Harinarayanan, A. (1986). "GANDHI'S FASTS: AN ANALYSIS (Summary)". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 47: 696–698. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44141630.
Trabelsi, Khaled; Ammar, Achraf; Boujelbane, Mohamed Ali; Puce, Luca; Garbarino, Sergio; Scoditti, Egeria; Boukhris, Omar; Khanfir, Saber; Clark, Cain C. T.; Glenn, Jordan M.; Alhaj, Omar A.; Jahrami, Haitham; Chtourou, Hamdi; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi (2022). "Religious fasting and its impacts on individual, public, and planetary health: Fasting as a "religious health asset" for a healthier, more equitable, and sustainable society". Frontiers in Nutrition. 9 1036496. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1036496. ISSN 2296-861X. PMC 9729557. PMID 36505246.

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"Anesthesia Information (full edition) | From Yes They're Fake!". Yestheyrefake.net. 1 January 1994. Archived from the original on 12 November 2010. Retrieved 18 October 2010.

Fasting (English Wikipedia)

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