Fatima al-Fihriya (English Wikipedia)

Lai, Yew Meng; Ahmad, Abdul Razak; Wan, Chang Da (2016). Higher Education in the Middle East and North Africa: Exploring Regional and Country Specific Potentials. Springer. pp. vii. ISBN 978-981-10-1056-9.
Glacier, Osire (2012). Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Gates (Jr.), Henry Louis (eds.). Dictionary of African Biography. Oxford University Press. p. 357. ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5. Fatima, al-Fihri (d. 880), founder of the University of al-Qarawiyyin in Fez, Morocco, the oldest operating university in the world, was also known as "Fatima al-Fihriya" and oum al-banine ("the mother of the children"). See also usage in e.g.:
- Talhami, Ghada Hashem (2013). Historical Dictionary of Women in the Middle East and North Africa. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-8108-6858-8.
- Glacier, Osire (2012). Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Gates (Jr.), Henry Louis (eds.). Dictionary of African Biography. Oxford University Press. p. 357. ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5. Fatima, al-Fihri (d. 880), founder of the University of al-Qarawiyyin in Fez, Morocco, the oldest operating university in the world, was also known as "Fatima al-Fihriya" and oum al-banine ("the mother of the children"). See also usage in e.g.:
  - Kenney, Jeffrey T.; Moosa, Ebrahim (August 15, 2013). Islam in the Modern World. Routledge. p. 128. ISBN 9781135007959.
  - Glacier, Osire (2012). Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Gates (Jr.), Henry Louis (eds.). Dictionary of African Biography. Oxford University Press. p. 357. ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5. Fatima, al-Fihri (d. 880), founder of the University of al-Qarawiyyin in Fez, Morocco, the oldest operating university in the world, was also known as "Fatima al-Fihriya" and oum al-banine ("the mother of the children").
  - Kenney, Jeffrey T.; Moosa, Ebrahim (August 15, 2013). Islam in the Modern World. Routledge. p. 128. ISBN 9781135007959.
  - ʻAlī ibn ʻAbd Allāh Ibn Abī Zarʻ al-Fāsī (1964). Rawd Al-Qirtas (in Spanish). Valencia: J. Nácher.
  - ʻAlī ibn ʻAbd Allāh Ibn Abī Zarʻ al-Fāsī (1860) [Arabic source originally from 14th century]. Roudh el-Kartas: Histoire des souverains du Maghreb (Espagne et Maroc) et annales de la ville de Fès (in French). Translated by Beaumier, A. Paris: L'Imprimerie impériale. pp. 65–68. ISBN 978-1-02-235523-1.
  - Lulat, Y. G.-M. (2005). A History of African Higher Education from Antiquity to the Present: A Critical Synthesis. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 70–72. ISBN 978-0-313-06866-9.
  - For examples of this claim being made or repeated, see among others:
    - Gaudio, Attilio (1982). Fès: Joyau de la civilisation islamique (in French). Paris: Les Presse de l'UNESCO: Nouvelles Éditions Latines. p. 137. ISBN 2-7233-0159-1.
    - Terrasse, Henri; Colin, Georges Séraphin (1942). La mosquée des Andalous à Fès (in French). Paris: Les Éditions d'art et d'histoire. pp. 7–8.
    - Kahera, Akel; Abdulmalik, Latif; Anz, Craig (October 26, 2009). Design Criteria for Mosques and Islamic Centres. Routledge. p. 81. ISBN 9781136441271.
    - Deverdun, Gaston (1957). "Une nouvelle inscription idrisite (265 H = 877 J.C.)". Mélanges d'histoire et d'archéologie de l'occident musulman - Tome II - Hommage à Georges Marçais (in French). Imprimerie officielle du Gouvernement Général de l'Algérie. pp. 129–146.

doi.org

Benchekroun, Chafik T. (2011). "Les Idrissides: L'histoire contre son histoire". Al-Masaq (in French). 23 (3): 171–188. doi:10.1080/09503110.2011.617063. S2CID 161308864.

eljadidanews.com

التحرير, هيئة (April 9, 2019). "فاطمة الفهرية أم البنين مؤسسة أول جامعة في العالم". Ejadidanews.com - الجديدة نيوز (in Arabic). Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2019.

insidearabia.com

"Al-Qarawiyyin University in Fes: Brainchild of a Muslim Woman". Inside Arabia. September 15, 2019. Retrieved August 11, 2020.

k-tb.com

"كتاب - شهيرات التونسيات" [Famous Tunisian Women]. k-tb.com (in Arabic). Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2019.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Benchekroun, Chafik T. (2011). "Les Idrissides: L'histoire contre son histoire". Al-Masaq (in French). 23 (3): 171–188. doi:10.1080/09503110.2011.617063. S2CID 161308864.

venturesafrica.com

"Meet Fatima al-Fihri: The founder of the world's first Library". January 26, 2017.

web.archive.org

"كتاب - شهيرات التونسيات" [Famous Tunisian Women]. k-tb.com (in Arabic). Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
التحرير, هيئة (April 9, 2019). "فاطمة الفهرية أم البنين مؤسسة أول جامعة في العالم". Ejadidanews.com - الجديدة نيوز (in Arabic). Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
"Fatima al-Fihri: modern legends, medieval sources – Ian D. Morris". August 4, 2021. Archived from the original on August 4, 2021. Retrieved May 10, 2023.

yale.edu

yalebooks.yale.edu

Bloom, Jonathan M. (2020). Architecture of the Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700-1800. Yale University Press. pp. 41–42. ISBN 9780300218701.