Fear (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Fear" in English language version.

Last modified: 00:05:38, 11 August 2026 (UTC)

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140119nih.gov

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adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

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Jackson, Joshua Conrad; Watts, Joseph; Henry, Teague R.; List, Johann-Mattis; Forkel, Robert; Mucha, Peter J.; Greenhill, Simon J.; Gray, Russell D.; Lindquist, Kristen A. (20 December 2019). "Emotion semantics show both cultural variation and universal structure". Science. 366 (6472): 1517–1522. Bibcode:2019Sci...366.1517J. doi:10.1126/science.aaw8160. hdl:1885/220045. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 31857485.
Adolphs R (January 2013). "The biology of fear". Current Biology. 23 (2): R79–93. Bibcode:2013CBio...23..R79A. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.11.055. PMC 3595162. PMID 23347946.
Blanchard RJ, Blanchard DC, Rodgers J, Weiss SM (1990). "The characterization and modelling of antipredator defensive behavior". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 14 (4): 463–472. Bibcode:1990NBRev..14..463B. doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80069-7. PMID 2287483. S2CID 10132051.
Adolphs R, Gosselin F, Buchanan TW, Tranel D, Schyns P, Damasio AR (January 2005). "A mechanism for impaired fear recognition after amygdala damage". Nature. 433 (7021): 68–72. Bibcode:2005Natur.433...68A. doi:10.1038/nature03086. PMID 15635411. S2CID 2139996.
Scheller E, Büchel C, Gamer M (25 July 2012). "Diagnostic features of emotional expressions are processed preferentially". PLOS ONE. 7 (7) e41792. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...741792S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041792. PMC 3405011. PMID 22848607.
Elsherif MM, Sahan MI, Rotshtein P (7 March 2017). "The perceptual saliency of fearful eyes and smiles: A signal detection study". PLOS ONE. 12 (3) e0173199. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1273199E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173199. PMC 5340363. PMID 28267761.
Moser JC, Brownlee RC, Silverstein R (April 1968). "Alarm pheromones of the ant atta texana". Journal of Insect Physiology. 14 (4): 529–535. Bibcode:1968JInsP..14..529M. doi:10.1016/0022-1910(68)90068-1. PMID 5649232.
Ressler RH, Cialdini RB, Ghoca ML, Kleist SM (August 1968). "Alarm pheromone in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris". Science. 161 (3841): 597–599. Bibcode:1968Sci...161..597R. doi:10.1126/science.161.3841.597. PMID 5663305. S2CID 30927186.
Zou J, Storm DR, Xia Z (2013). "Conditional deletion of ERK5 MAP kinase in the nervous system impairs pheromone information processing and pheromone-evoked behaviors". PLOS ONE. 8 (10) e76901. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...876901Z. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076901. PMC 3793934. PMID 24130808.
Prehn-Kristensen A, Wiesner C, Bergmann TO, Wolff S, Jansen O, Mehdorn HM, et al. (June 2009). "Induction of empathy by the smell of anxiety". PLOS ONE. 4 (6) e5987. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.5987P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005987. PMC 2695008. PMID 19551135.
Radulescu AR, Mujica-Parodi LR (July 2013). "Human gender differences in the perception of conspecific alarm chemosensory cues". PLOS ONE. 8 (7) e68485. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...868485R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068485. PMC 3722227. PMID 23894310.
Sandi C (April 2011). "Healing anxiety disorders with glucocorticoids". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (16): 6343–6344. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.6343S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1103410108. PMC 3080972. PMID 21482789.
Kolber BJ, Roberts MS, Howell MP, Wozniak DF, Sands MS, Muglia LJ (August 2008). "Central amygdala glucocorticoid receptor action promotes fear-associated CRH activation and conditioning". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (33): 12004–12009. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10512004K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0803216105. PMC 2575312. PMID 18695245.

ahya.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"TAQWA: Fearing Allah". AHYA.ORG - Authentic Islamic Resources and Information. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2015.

ancientpedia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Giunta, Jon (21 September 2024). "Common Threads in Hero Myths Across Cultures | AncientPedia". Retrieved 29 August 2025.

apa.org (Global: 1,327^th place; English: 1,093^rd place)

doi.apa.org

Lindquist, Kristen A.; Gendron, Maria; Oosterwijk, Suzanne; Barrett, Lisa Feldman (2013). "Do people essentialize emotions? Individual differences in emotion essentialism and emotional experience". Emotion. 13 (4): 629–644. doi:10.1037/a0032283. ISSN 1931-1516. PMID 23668818.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Tancer B (2008). Click: What millions of people are doing online and why it matters. Hyperion. ISBN 978-1-4013-2304-2.
Hebb DO (September 1946). "On the nature of fear". Psychological Review. 53 (5): 259–276. doi:10.1037/h0061690. PMID 20285975. S2CID 5211697.

benbest.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Best, Ben (2004). The Amygdala and the Emotions Archived 2007-03-09 at the Wayback Machine. benbest.com

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Zerwekh J (2013). Illustrated Study Guide for the NCLEX-RN® Exam (8th ed.). Mosby, Inc. pp. 178–179. ISBN 978-0-323-08232-7. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
Barrettn LF, Lewis M, Haviland-Jones JM (2016). Handbook of Emotions. Guilford Publications. pp. 751–773. ISBN 978-1-4625-2534-8. Archived from the original on 2 March 2017.
Minnis, Alastair (2012). "Other Worlds: Chaucer's Classicism". In Copeland, Rita (ed.). The Oxford History of Classical Reception in English Literature. Vol. 1: 800-1558. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 426. ISBN 978-0-19-958723-0. Retrieved 4 November 2023. [...] the remark 'Primus in orbe deos fecit timor' ('fear first made gods in the world') is uttered by Capaneus, a madman and blasphemer [...].
Kyle RG (1 August 2012). Apocalyptic Fever: End-Time Prophecies in Modern America. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-62189-410-0. Archived from the original on 25 December 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.

brillonline.com (Global: 1,475^th place; English: 1,107^th place)

referenceworks.brillonline.com

"Taḳwā",Encyclopaedia of Islam (2012).

brynmawr.edu (Global: 6,432^nd place; English: 4,146^th place)

serendip.brynmawr.edu

Edmundson LD. "The Neurobiology of Fear". Serendip. Archived from the original on 23 June 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2012.

caltech.edu (Global: 240^th place; English: 473^rd place)

authors.library.caltech.edu

Adolphs R, Gosselin F, Buchanan TW, Tranel D, Schyns P, Damasio AR (January 2005). "A mechanism for impaired fear recognition after amygdala damage". Nature. 433 (7021): 68–72. Bibcode:2005Natur.433...68A. doi:10.1038/nature03086. PMID 15635411. S2CID 2139996.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

Delgado, José M. R. (September 1982). "Animal and human emotionality". Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 5 (3): 425–427. doi:10.1017/S0140525X00012802. ISSN 0140-525X.

cbc.ca (Global: 110^th place; English: 65^th place)

Warner, Andrea (26 October 2023). "The sound of fear: 'Wired for Music' author Adriana Barton breaks down how our brains process scary songs". CBC. Archived from the original on 15 February 2025. Retrieved 16 July 2026.

cbr.com (Global: 329^th place; English: 202^nd place)

Meszaros, E. L. (23 September 2020). "The Magnus Archives: A Beginner's Guide to the Popular Horror Podcast". CBR. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020.

cbsnews.com (Global: 136^th place; English: 93^rd place)

Welch A (15 October 2015). "Things Americans fear most". CBS News. Archived from the original on 22 June 2016.

cogprints.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bracha HS (July 2006). "Human brain evolution and the "Neuroevolutionary Time-depth Principle:" Implications for the Reclassification of fear-circuitry-related traits in DSM-V and for studying resilience to warzone-related posttraumatic stress disorder" (PDF). Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 30 (5): 827–853. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.01.008. PMC 7130737. PMID 16563589.
Bracha HS (September 2004). "Freeze, flight, fight, fright, faint: adaptationist perspectives on the acute stress response spectrum" (PDF). CNS Spectrums. 9 (9): 679–685. doi:10.1017/s1092852900001954. PMID 15337864. S2CID 8430710.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Wilson-Mendenhall, Christine D.; Barrett, Lisa Feldman; Barsalou, Lawrence W. (2013). "Situating emotional experience". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 7: 764. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00764. ISSN 1662-5161. PMC 3840899. PMID 24324420.
Buckley, Ralf C. (10 August 2016). "Qualitative Analysis of Emotions: Fear and Thrill". Frontiers in Psychology. 7: 1187. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01187. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 4978710. PMID 27559323.
McVeigh, Kieran; Kleckner, Ian R.; Quigley, Karen S.; Satpute, Ajay B. (March 2024). "Fear-related psychophysiological patterns are situation and individual dependent: A Bayesian model comparison approach". Emotion. 24 (2): 506–521. doi:10.1037/emo0001265. ISSN 1931-1516. PMC 10882564. PMID 37603002.
Siegel, Erika H.; Sands, Molly K.; Van den Noortgate, Wim; Condon, Paul; Chang, Yale; Dy, Jennifer; Quigley, Karen S.; Barrett, Lisa Feldman (April 2018). "Emotion fingerprints or emotion populations? A meta-analytic investigation of autonomic features of emotion categories". Psychological Bulletin. 144 (4): 343–393. doi:10.1037/bul0000128. ISSN 1939-1455. PMC 5876074. PMID 29389177.
Hyde, Jamiah; Ryan, Katherine M.; Waters, Allison M. (4 June 2019). "Psychophysiological Markers of Fear and Anxiety". Current Psychiatry Reports. 21 (7): 56. doi:10.1007/s11920-019-1036-x. hdl:10072/387932. ISSN 1535-1645. PMID 31161250.
Ogren, Marissa; Barrett, Lisa Feldman; Hoemann, Katie; LoBue, Vanessa (2023). "Heightened fearfulness in infants is not adaptive". Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 46 e73. doi:10.1017/S0140525X2200187X. ISSN 0140-525X. PMC 10243669. PMID 37154371.
Wang, Yiyu; Kragel, Philip A.; Satpute, Ajay B. (13 November 2024). "Neural Predictors of Fear Depend on the Situation". The Journal of Neuroscience. 44 (46): e0142232024. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0142-23.2024. ISSN 0270-6474. PMC 11561869. PMID 39375037.
Jackson, Joshua Conrad; Watts, Joseph; Henry, Teague R.; List, Johann-Mattis; Forkel, Robert; Mucha, Peter J.; Greenhill, Simon J.; Gray, Russell D.; Lindquist, Kristen A. (20 December 2019). "Emotion semantics show both cultural variation and universal structure". Science. 366 (6472): 1517–1522. Bibcode:2019Sci...366.1517J. doi:10.1126/science.aaw8160. hdl:1885/220045. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 31857485.
Brick, C.; Hood, B.; Ekroll, V.; de-Wit, L. (March 2022). "Illusory Essences: A Bias Holding Back Theorizing in Psychological Science". Perspectives on Psychological Science. 17 (2): 491–506. doi:10.1177/1745691621991838. ISSN 1745-6916. PMC 8902028. PMID 34283676.
Lindquist, Kristen A.; Gendron, Maria; Oosterwijk, Suzanne; Barrett, Lisa Feldman (2013). "Do people essentialize emotions? Individual differences in emotion essentialism and emotional experience". Emotion. 13 (4): 629–644. doi:10.1037/a0032283. ISSN 1931-1516. PMID 23668818.
Delgado, José M. R. (September 1982). "Animal and human emotionality". Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 5 (3): 425–427. doi:10.1017/S0140525X00012802. ISSN 0140-525X.
Pessoa, Luiz; Medina, Loreta; Desfilis, Ester (14 February 2022). "Refocusing neuroscience: moving away from mental categories and towards complex behaviours". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 377 (1844) 20200534. doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0534. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 8710886. PMID 34957851.
Adolphs R (January 2013). "The biology of fear". Current Biology. 23 (2): R79–93. Bibcode:2013CBio...23..R79A. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.11.055. PMC 3595162. PMID 23347946.
Garcia R (September 2017). "Neurobiology of fear and specific phobias". Learning & Memory. 24 (9): 462–471. doi:10.1101/lm.044115.116. PMC 5580526. PMID 28814472.
Ohman A, Mineka S (July 2001). "Fears, phobias, and preparedness: toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning". Psychological Review. 108 (3): 483–522. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.108.3.483. PMID 11488376. S2CID 7920871.
Bracha HS (July 2006). "Human brain evolution and the "Neuroevolutionary Time-depth Principle:" Implications for the Reclassification of fear-circuitry-related traits in DSM-V and for studying resilience to warzone-related posttraumatic stress disorder" (PDF). Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 30 (5): 827–853. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.01.008. PMC 7130737. PMID 16563589.
Olsson A, Nearing KI, Phelps EA (March 2007). "Learning fears by observing others: the neural systems of social fear transmission". Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 2 (1): 3–11. doi:10.1093/scan/nsm005. PMC 2555428. PMID 18985115.
Kim K, Markman AB (3 May 2005). "Differences in Fear of Isolation as an explanation of Cultural Differences: Evidence from memory and reasoning". Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 42 (3): 350–364. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2005.06.005.
Warr M; Stafford M (1983). "Fear of Victimization: A Look at the Proximate Causes". Social Forces. 61 (4): 1033–1043. doi:10.1093/sf/61.4.1033.
Burton LD (2011). "Fear". Journal of Research on Christian Education. 20 (2): 113–116. doi:10.1080/10656219.2011.592801. S2CID 216092318.
Fox ER (June 1987). "Fear of the unknown". The Western Journal of Medicine. 146 (6): 759–760. doi:10.1108/17578043200800026. PMC 1307488. PMID 18750277. S2CID 72767139.
Carleton RN (June 2016). "Fear of the unknown: One fear to rule them all?". Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 41 (June2016): 5–21. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.03.011. hdl:10294/15842. PMID 27067453.
Misslin R (April 2003). "The defense system of fear: behavior and neurocircuitry". Neurophysiologie Clinique = Clinical Neurophysiology. 33 (2): 55–66. doi:10.1016/s0987-7053(03)00009-1. PMID 12837573. S2CID 35133426.
Blanchard RJ, Blanchard DC, Rodgers J, Weiss SM (1990). "The characterization and modelling of antipredator defensive behavior". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 14 (4): 463–472. Bibcode:1990NBRev..14..463B. doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80069-7. PMID 2287483. S2CID 10132051.
De Boer SF, Koolhaas JM (February 2003). "Defensive burying in rodents: ethology, neurobiology and psychopharmacology". European Journal of Pharmacology. 463 (1–3): 145–161. doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01278-0. PMID 12600707.
Stankowich T, Blumstein DT (December 2005). "Fear in animals: a meta-analysis and review of risk assessment". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 272 (1581): 2627–2634. doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3251. PMC 1559976. PMID 16321785.
Osborn JW, Liard JF, Cowley AW (April 1987). "The Economics of Fleeing from Predators". Effect of AVP on pressor responses to peripheral sympathetic stimulation in the rat. Advances in the Study of Behavior. Vol. 252. pp. H675–H680. doi:10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60192-8. ISBN 978-0-12-004516-7. PMID 3565586.
Morgan MA, LeDoux JE (August 1995). "Differential contribution of dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex to the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear in rats". Behavioral Neuroscience. 109 (4): 681–688. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.109.4.681. PMID 7576212. S2CID 3167606.
Cammarota M, Bevilaqua LR, Kerr D, Medina JH, Izquierdo I (February 2003). "Inhibition of mRNA and protein synthesis in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus blocks reinstallment of an extinguished conditioned fear response". The Journal of Neuroscience. 23 (3): 737–741. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-03-00737.2003. PMC 6741935. PMID 12574401.
Schmidt NB, Richey JA, Zvolensky MJ, Maner JK (September 2008). "Exploring human freeze responses to a threat stressor". Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 39 (3): 292–304. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.08.002. PMC 2489204. PMID 17880916.
Bracha HS (September 2004). "Freeze, flight, fight, fright, faint: adaptationist perspectives on the acute stress response spectrum" (PDF). CNS Spectrums. 9 (9): 679–685. doi:10.1017/s1092852900001954. PMID 15337864. S2CID 8430710.
Adolphs R, Gosselin F, Buchanan TW, Tranel D, Schyns P, Damasio AR (January 2005). "A mechanism for impaired fear recognition after amygdala damage". Nature. 433 (7021): 68–72. Bibcode:2005Natur.433...68A. doi:10.1038/nature03086. PMID 15635411. S2CID 2139996.
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Crawford M, Masterson FA (October 1982). "Species-specific defense reactions and avoidance learning". The Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science. 17 (4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 204–214. doi:10.1007/bf03001275. ISSN 0093-2213. PMID 6891452. S2CID 142436039.
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Scheller E, Büchel C, Gamer M (25 July 2012). "Diagnostic features of emotional expressions are processed preferentially". PLOS ONE. 7 (7) e41792. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...741792S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041792. PMC 3405011. PMID 22848607.
Smith ML, Cottrell GW, Gosselin F, Schyns PG (March 2005). "Transmitting and decoding facial expressions". Psychological Science. 16 (3): 184–189. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00801.x. PMID 15733197. S2CID 2622673.
Elsherif MM, Sahan MI, Rotshtein P (7 March 2017). "The perceptual saliency of fearful eyes and smiles: A signal detection study". PLOS ONE. 12 (3) e0173199. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1273199E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173199. PMC 5340363. PMID 28267761.
Olsson A, Phelps EA (September 2007). "Social learning of fear". Nature Neuroscience. 10 (9): 1095–102. doi:10.1038/nn1968. PMID 17726475. S2CID 11976458.
Travis J (2004). "Fear not: Scientists are learning how people can unlearn fear". Science News. 165 (3): 42–44. doi:10.2307/4014925. JSTOR 4014925.
Amunts K, Kedo O, Kindler M, Pieperhoff P, Mohlberg H, Shah NJ, et al. (December 2005). "Cytoarchitectonic mapping of the human amygdala, hippocampal region and entorhinal cortex: intersubject variability and probability maps". Anatomy and Embryology. 210 (5–6): 343–352. doi:10.1007/s00429-005-0025-5. PMID 16208455. S2CID 6984617.
LeDoux J (October 2003). "The emotional brain, fear, and the amygdala". Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. 23 (4–5): 727–738. doi:10.1023/A:1025048802629. PMC 11530156. PMID 14514027. S2CID 3216382.
Cheng DT, Knight DC, Smith CN, Stein EA, Helmstetter FJ (February 2003). "Functional MRI of human amygdala activity during Pavlovian fear conditioning: stimulus processing versus response expression" (PDF). Behavioral Neuroscience. 117 (1): 3–10. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.123.4317. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.117.1.3. PMID 12619902. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2008. Retrieved 24 October 2017. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Berdoy M, Webster JP, Macdonald DW (August 2000). "Fatal attraction in rats infected with Toxoplasma gondii". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 267 (1452): 1591–1594. doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1182. PMC 1690701. PMID 11007336.
Larkin M (1997). "Amygdala differentiates fear response". The Lancet. 350 (9073): 268. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)62234-9. S2CID 54232230.
Radua J, Phillips ML, Russell T, Lawrence N, Marshall N, Kalidindi S, et al. (January 2010). "Neural response to specific components of fearful faces in healthy and schizophrenic adults". NeuroImage. 49 (1): 939–946. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.08.030. PMID 19699306. S2CID 6209163. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
Moser JC, Brownlee RC, Silverstein R (April 1968). "Alarm pheromones of the ant atta texana". Journal of Insect Physiology. 14 (4): 529–535. Bibcode:1968JInsP..14..529M. doi:10.1016/0022-1910(68)90068-1. PMID 5649232.
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