Fern (English Wikipedia)

EB 2019. Mickel, John T.; Wagner, Warren H.; Gifford, Ernest M.; et al. (4 February 2019). "Fern". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 24 November 2019.

cabi.org

"Datasheet: Pteridium aquilinum (bracken)". CAB International. 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
"Datasheet: Azolla filiculoides (water fern)". CAB International. 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2019.

diva-portal.org

nrm.diva-portal.org

Bomfleur et al 2014. Bomfleur, B.; McLoughlin, S.; Vajda, V. (20 March 2014). "Fossilized Nuclei and Chromosomes Reveal 180 Million Years of Genomic Stasis in Royal Ferns". Science. 343 (6177): 1376–1377. Bibcode:2014Sci...343.1376B. doi:10.1126/science.1249884. PMID 24653037. S2CID 38248823.

doi.org

Stein et al 2007. Stein, W. E.; Mannolini, F.; Hernick, L. V.; Landling, E.; Berry, C. M. (2007). "Giant cladoxylopsid trees resolve the enigma of the Earth's earliest forest stumps at Gilboa". Nature. 446 (7138): 904–907. Bibcode:2007Natur.446..904S. doi:10.1038/nature05705. PMID 17443185. S2CID 2575688.
Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group 2016. Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (November 2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. doi:10.1111/jse.12229. S2CID 39980610.
Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13: 909768. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768. PMC 9449725. PMID 36092417.
Schuettpelz et al 2018. Schuettpelz, Eric; Rouhan, Germinal; Pryer, Kathleen M.; Rothfels, Carl J.; Prado, Jefferson; Sundue, Michael A.; Windham, Michael D.; Moran, Robbin C.; Smith, Alan R. (1 June 2018). "Are there too many fern genera?". Taxon. 67 (3): 473–480. doi:10.12705/673.1.
Christenhusz & Chase 2014. Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Chase, Mark W. (2014). "Trends and concepts in fern classification". Annals of Botany. 113 (4): 571–594. doi:10.1093/aob/mct299. PMC 3936591. PMID 24532607.
Smith et al.2006. Smith, Alan R.; Kathleen M. Pryer; Eric Schuettpelz; Petra Korall; Harald Schneider; Paul G. Wolf (2006). "A classification for extant ferns" (PDF). Taxon. 55 (3): 705–731. doi:10.2307/25065646. JSTOR 25065646.
Rai, Hardeep S. & Graham, Sean W. (2010). "Utility of a large, multigene plastid data set in inferring higher-order relationships in ferns and relatives (monilophytes)". American Journal of Botany. 97 (9): 1444–1456. doi:10.3732/ajb.0900305. PMID 21616899., p. 1450
Grewe, Felix; et al. (2013). "Complete plastid genomes from Ophioglossum californicum, Psilotum nudum, and Equisetum hyemale reveal an ancestral land plant genome structure and resolve the position of Equisetales among monilophytes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13 (1): 1–16. Bibcode:2013BMCEE..13....8G. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-8. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3553075. PMID 23311954.
Cantino et al 2007. Cantino, Philip D.; Doyle, James A.; Graham, Sean W.; Judd, Walter S.; Olmstead, Richard G.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Donoghue, Michael J. (1 August 2007). "Towards a Phylogenetic Nomenclature of Tracheophyta". Taxon. 56 (3): 822. doi:10.2307/25065865. JSTOR 25065865.
Chase & Reveal 2009. Chase, Mark W. & Reveal, James L. (2009). "A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 122–127. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01002.x.
Karol, Kenneth G.; et al. (2010). "Complete plastome sequences of Equisetum arvense and Isoetes flaccida: implications for phylogeny and plastid genome evolution of early land plant lineages". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 321–336. Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10..321K. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-321. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3087542. PMID 20969798.
Li, F-W; Kuo, L-Y; Rothfels, CJ; Ebihara, A; Chiou, W-L; et al. (2011). "rbcL and matK Earn Two Thumbs Up as the Core DNA Barcode for Ferns". PLOS ONE. 6 (10): e26597. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...626597L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026597. PMC 3197659. PMID 22028918.
Schneider et al 2009. Schneider, Harald; Smith, Alan R.; Pryer, Kathleen M. (1 July 2009). "Is Morphology Really at Odds with Molecules in Estimating Fern Phylogeny?". Systematic Botany. 34 (3): 455–475. doi:10.1600/036364409789271209. S2CID 85855934.
Christenhusz et al 2011. Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Zhang, X. C.; Schneider, H. (18 February 2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns". Phytotaxa. 19 (1): 7. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2.
Christenhusz & Byng 2016. Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3). Magnolia Press: 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
Christenhusz & Chase 2018. Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Chase, Mark W. (1 June 2018). "PPG recognises too many fern genera". Taxon. 67 (3): 481–487. doi:10.12705/673.2.
Bomfleur et al 2014. Bomfleur, B.; McLoughlin, S.; Vajda, V. (20 March 2014). "Fossilized Nuclei and Chromosomes Reveal 180 Million Years of Genomic Stasis in Royal Ferns". Science. 343 (6177): 1376–1377. Bibcode:2014Sci...343.1376B. doi:10.1126/science.1249884. PMID 24653037. S2CID 38248823.
Li, F.-W.; Villarreal, J. C.; Kelly, S.; et al. (6 May 2014). "Horizontal transfer of an adaptive chimeric photoreceptor from bryophytes to ferns". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (18): 6672–6677. Bibcode:2014PNAS..111.6672L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1319929111. PMC 4020063. PMID 24733898.
Suissa, Jacob S.; Li, Fay-Wei; Moreau, Corrie S. (24 May 2024). "Convergent evolution of fern nectaries facilitated independent recruitment of ant-bodyguards from flowering plants". Nature Communications. 15 (1): 4392. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15.4392S. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48646-x. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 11126701. PMID 38789437.
Shukla, Anoop Kumar; Upadhyay, Santosh Kumar; Mishra, Manisha; et al. (26 October 2016). "Expression of an insecticidal fern protein in cotton protects against whitefly". Nature Biotechnology. 34 (10): 1046–1051. doi:10.1038/nbt.3665. PMID 27598229. S2CID 384923.
May 1978. May, Lenore Wile (1978). "The economic uses and associated folklore of ferns and fern allies". The Botanical Review. 44 (4): 491–528. Bibcode:1978BotRv..44..491M. doi:10.1007/BF02860848. S2CID 42101599.

duke.edu

dukespace.lib.duke.edu

Schuettpelz 2007, Table I. Schuettpelz, Eric (2007). "Table 1". The evolution and diversification of epiphytic ferns (PDF) (PhD thesis). Duke University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2010. Retrieved 11 December 2009.
Schuettpelz 2007, Part I. Schuettpelz, Eric (2007). "Table 1". The evolution and diversification of epiphytic ferns (PDF) (PhD thesis). Duke University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2010. Retrieved 11 December 2009.

fernphy.github.io

"Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.3.0. 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.

fs.fed.us

Fern Structure - Forest Service

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Stein et al 2007. Stein, W. E.; Mannolini, F.; Hernick, L. V.; Landling, E.; Berry, C. M. (2007). "Giant cladoxylopsid trees resolve the enigma of the Earth's earliest forest stumps at Gilboa". Nature. 446 (7138): 904–907. Bibcode:2007Natur.446..904S. doi:10.1038/nature05705. PMID 17443185. S2CID 2575688.
Grewe, Felix; et al. (2013). "Complete plastid genomes from Ophioglossum californicum, Psilotum nudum, and Equisetum hyemale reveal an ancestral land plant genome structure and resolve the position of Equisetales among monilophytes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13 (1): 1–16. Bibcode:2013BMCEE..13....8G. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-8. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3553075. PMID 23311954.
Karol, Kenneth G.; et al. (2010). "Complete plastome sequences of Equisetum arvense and Isoetes flaccida: implications for phylogeny and plastid genome evolution of early land plant lineages". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 321–336. Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10..321K. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-321. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3087542. PMID 20969798.
Li, F-W; Kuo, L-Y; Rothfels, CJ; Ebihara, A; Chiou, W-L; et al. (2011). "rbcL and matK Earn Two Thumbs Up as the Core DNA Barcode for Ferns". PLOS ONE. 6 (10): e26597. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...626597L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026597. PMC 3197659. PMID 22028918.
Bomfleur et al 2014. Bomfleur, B.; McLoughlin, S.; Vajda, V. (20 March 2014). "Fossilized Nuclei and Chromosomes Reveal 180 Million Years of Genomic Stasis in Royal Ferns". Science. 343 (6177): 1376–1377. Bibcode:2014Sci...343.1376B. doi:10.1126/science.1249884. PMID 24653037. S2CID 38248823.
Li, F.-W.; Villarreal, J. C.; Kelly, S.; et al. (6 May 2014). "Horizontal transfer of an adaptive chimeric photoreceptor from bryophytes to ferns". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (18): 6672–6677. Bibcode:2014PNAS..111.6672L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1319929111. PMC 4020063. PMID 24733898.
Suissa, Jacob S.; Li, Fay-Wei; Moreau, Corrie S. (24 May 2024). "Convergent evolution of fern nectaries facilitated independent recruitment of ant-bodyguards from flowering plants". Nature Communications. 15 (1): 4392. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15.4392S. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48646-x. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 11126701. PMID 38789437.
May 1978. May, Lenore Wile (1978). "The economic uses and associated folklore of ferns and fern allies". The Botanical Review. 44 (4): 491–528. Bibcode:1978BotRv..44..491M. doi:10.1007/BF02860848. S2CID 42101599.

idigbio.org

Smith et al.2006. Smith, Alan R.; Kathleen M. Pryer; Eric Schuettpelz; Petra Korall; Harald Schneider; Paul G. Wolf (2006). "A classification for extant ferns" (PDF). Taxon. 55 (3): 705–731. doi:10.2307/25065646. JSTOR 25065646.

jstor.org

Underwood 1903. Underwood, L. M. (1903). "The early writers on ferns and their collections.— I. Linnaeus, 1707-1778". Torreya. 3 (10): 145–150. ISSN 0096-3844. JSTOR 40594126.
Smith et al.2006. Smith, Alan R.; Kathleen M. Pryer; Eric Schuettpelz; Petra Korall; Harald Schneider; Paul G. Wolf (2006). "A classification for extant ferns" (PDF). Taxon. 55 (3): 705–731. doi:10.2307/25065646. JSTOR 25065646.
Cantino et al 2007. Cantino, Philip D.; Doyle, James A.; Graham, Sean W.; Judd, Walter S.; Olmstead, Richard G.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Donoghue, Michael J. (1 August 2007). "Towards a Phylogenetic Nomenclature of Tracheophyta". Taxon. 56 (3): 822. doi:10.2307/25065865. JSTOR 25065865.

newscientist.com

Van Gilder Cooke, Sonia (23 October 2010). "Stone Age humans liked their burgers in a bun". New Scientist, p. 18.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Stein et al 2007. Stein, W. E.; Mannolini, F.; Hernick, L. V.; Landling, E.; Berry, C. M. (2007). "Giant cladoxylopsid trees resolve the enigma of the Earth's earliest forest stumps at Gilboa". Nature. 446 (7138): 904–907. Bibcode:2007Natur.446..904S. doi:10.1038/nature05705. PMID 17443185. S2CID 2575688.
Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13: 909768. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768. PMC 9449725. PMID 36092417.
Christenhusz & Chase 2014. Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Chase, Mark W. (2014). "Trends and concepts in fern classification". Annals of Botany. 113 (4): 571–594. doi:10.1093/aob/mct299. PMC 3936591. PMID 24532607.
Rai, Hardeep S. & Graham, Sean W. (2010). "Utility of a large, multigene plastid data set in inferring higher-order relationships in ferns and relatives (monilophytes)". American Journal of Botany. 97 (9): 1444–1456. doi:10.3732/ajb.0900305. PMID 21616899., p. 1450
Grewe, Felix; et al. (2013). "Complete plastid genomes from Ophioglossum californicum, Psilotum nudum, and Equisetum hyemale reveal an ancestral land plant genome structure and resolve the position of Equisetales among monilophytes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13 (1): 1–16. Bibcode:2013BMCEE..13....8G. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-8. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3553075. PMID 23311954.
Karol, Kenneth G.; et al. (2010). "Complete plastome sequences of Equisetum arvense and Isoetes flaccida: implications for phylogeny and plastid genome evolution of early land plant lineages". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 321–336. Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10..321K. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-321. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3087542. PMID 20969798.
Li, F-W; Kuo, L-Y; Rothfels, CJ; Ebihara, A; Chiou, W-L; et al. (2011). "rbcL and matK Earn Two Thumbs Up as the Core DNA Barcode for Ferns". PLOS ONE. 6 (10): e26597. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...626597L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026597. PMC 3197659. PMID 22028918.
Bomfleur et al 2014. Bomfleur, B.; McLoughlin, S.; Vajda, V. (20 March 2014). "Fossilized Nuclei and Chromosomes Reveal 180 Million Years of Genomic Stasis in Royal Ferns". Science. 343 (6177): 1376–1377. Bibcode:2014Sci...343.1376B. doi:10.1126/science.1249884. PMID 24653037. S2CID 38248823.
Li, F.-W.; Villarreal, J. C.; Kelly, S.; et al. (6 May 2014). "Horizontal transfer of an adaptive chimeric photoreceptor from bryophytes to ferns". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (18): 6672–6677. Bibcode:2014PNAS..111.6672L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1319929111. PMC 4020063. PMID 24733898.
Suissa, Jacob S.; Li, Fay-Wei; Moreau, Corrie S. (24 May 2024). "Convergent evolution of fern nectaries facilitated independent recruitment of ant-bodyguards from flowering plants". Nature Communications. 15 (1): 4392. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15.4392S. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48646-x. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 11126701. PMID 38789437.
Shukla, Anoop Kumar; Upadhyay, Santosh Kumar; Mishra, Manisha; et al. (26 October 2016). "Expression of an insecticidal fern protein in cotton protects against whitefly". Nature Biotechnology. 34 (10): 1046–1051. doi:10.1038/nbt.3665. PMID 27598229. S2CID 384923.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13: 909768. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768. PMC 9449725. PMID 36092417.
Christenhusz & Chase 2014. Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Chase, Mark W. (2014). "Trends and concepts in fern classification". Annals of Botany. 113 (4): 571–594. doi:10.1093/aob/mct299. PMC 3936591. PMID 24532607.
Grewe, Felix; et al. (2013). "Complete plastid genomes from Ophioglossum californicum, Psilotum nudum, and Equisetum hyemale reveal an ancestral land plant genome structure and resolve the position of Equisetales among monilophytes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13 (1): 1–16. Bibcode:2013BMCEE..13....8G. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-8. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3553075. PMID 23311954.
Karol, Kenneth G.; et al. (2010). "Complete plastome sequences of Equisetum arvense and Isoetes flaccida: implications for phylogeny and plastid genome evolution of early land plant lineages". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 321–336. Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10..321K. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-321. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3087542. PMID 20969798.
Li, F-W; Kuo, L-Y; Rothfels, CJ; Ebihara, A; Chiou, W-L; et al. (2011). "rbcL and matK Earn Two Thumbs Up as the Core DNA Barcode for Ferns". PLOS ONE. 6 (10): e26597. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...626597L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026597. PMC 3197659. PMID 22028918.
Li, F.-W.; Villarreal, J. C.; Kelly, S.; et al. (6 May 2014). "Horizontal transfer of an adaptive chimeric photoreceptor from bryophytes to ferns". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (18): 6672–6677. Bibcode:2014PNAS..111.6672L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1319929111. PMC 4020063. PMID 24733898.
Suissa, Jacob S.; Li, Fay-Wei; Moreau, Corrie S. (24 May 2024). "Convergent evolution of fern nectaries facilitated independent recruitment of ant-bodyguards from flowering plants". Nature Communications. 15 (1): 4392. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15.4392S. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48646-x. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 11126701. PMID 38789437.

peterboyd.com

Boyd, Peter D. A. (2 January 2002). "Pteridomania - the Victorian passion for ferns". Antique Collecting. Revised: web version. 28 (6): 9–12. Retrieved 2 October 2007.

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saunalahti.fi

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science.org

Genes for seeds arose early in plant evolution, ferns reveal
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sciencelearn.org.nz

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sdstate.edu

extension.sdstate.edu

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semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Stein et al 2007. Stein, W. E.; Mannolini, F.; Hernick, L. V.; Landling, E.; Berry, C. M. (2007). "Giant cladoxylopsid trees resolve the enigma of the Earth's earliest forest stumps at Gilboa". Nature. 446 (7138): 904–907. Bibcode:2007Natur.446..904S. doi:10.1038/nature05705. PMID 17443185. S2CID 2575688.
Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group 2016. Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (November 2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. doi:10.1111/jse.12229. S2CID 39980610.
Schneider et al 2009. Schneider, Harald; Smith, Alan R.; Pryer, Kathleen M. (1 July 2009). "Is Morphology Really at Odds with Molecules in Estimating Fern Phylogeny?". Systematic Botany. 34 (3): 455–475. doi:10.1600/036364409789271209. S2CID 85855934.
Bomfleur et al 2014. Bomfleur, B.; McLoughlin, S.; Vajda, V. (20 March 2014). "Fossilized Nuclei and Chromosomes Reveal 180 Million Years of Genomic Stasis in Royal Ferns". Science. 343 (6177): 1376–1377. Bibcode:2014Sci...343.1376B. doi:10.1126/science.1249884. PMID 24653037. S2CID 38248823.
Shukla, Anoop Kumar; Upadhyay, Santosh Kumar; Mishra, Manisha; et al. (26 October 2016). "Expression of an insecticidal fern protein in cotton protects against whitefly". Nature Biotechnology. 34 (10): 1046–1051. doi:10.1038/nbt.3665. PMID 27598229. S2CID 384923.
May 1978. May, Lenore Wile (1978). "The economic uses and associated folklore of ferns and fern allies". The Botanical Review. 44 (4): 491–528. Bibcode:1978BotRv..44..491M. doi:10.1007/BF02860848. S2CID 42101599.

sunset.com

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McCausland 2019. McCausland, Jim (22 February 2019). "Rediscover ferns". Garden plants. Sunset Magazine. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
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Schuettpelz 2007, Table I. Schuettpelz, Eric (2007). "Table 1". The evolution and diversification of epiphytic ferns (PDF) (PhD thesis). Duke University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2010. Retrieved 11 December 2009.
Schuettpelz 2007, Part I. Schuettpelz, Eric (2007). "Table 1". The evolution and diversification of epiphytic ferns (PDF) (PhD thesis). Duke University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2010. Retrieved 11 December 2009.
"Dol Sot Bibimbap". Archived from the original on 11 November 2011. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
"Traditional Finnish Midsummer celebration". Saunalahti.fi. Archived from the original on 19 September 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2013.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Levyns, M. R. (1966). A Guide to the Flora of the Cape Peninsula (2nd Revised ed.). Juta & Company. OCLC 621340.
Underwood 1903. Underwood, L. M. (1903). "The early writers on ferns and their collections.— I. Linnaeus, 1707-1778". Torreya. 3 (10): 145–150. ISSN 0096-3844. JSTOR 40594126.
Grewe, Felix; et al. (2013). "Complete plastid genomes from Ophioglossum californicum, Psilotum nudum, and Equisetum hyemale reveal an ancestral land plant genome structure and resolve the position of Equisetales among monilophytes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13 (1): 1–16. Bibcode:2013BMCEE..13....8G. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-8. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3553075. PMID 23311954.
Karol, Kenneth G.; et al. (2010). "Complete plastome sequences of Equisetum arvense and Isoetes flaccida: implications for phylogeny and plastid genome evolution of early land plant lineages". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 321–336. Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10..321K. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-321. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3087542. PMID 20969798.
Suissa, Jacob S.; Li, Fay-Wei; Moreau, Corrie S. (24 May 2024). "Convergent evolution of fern nectaries facilitated independent recruitment of ant-bodyguards from flowering plants". Nature Communications. 15 (1): 4392. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15.4392S. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48646-x. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 11126701. PMID 38789437.