Fez (hat) (English Wikipedia)

Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007). Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish). Vol. 1. Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat. p. 4614.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Kinross, Lord (1979). The Ottoman Centuries. Perennial. p. 466. ISBN 978-0-688-08093-8.

baltimoresun.com (Global: 453^rd place; English: 267^th place)

"That brimless hat signified style Fez: In such countries as Morocco, Turkey, Syria and Egypt, the tarbush has had a colorful political past, favored by king and commoner and then banned by governments. Only two makers remain in Cairo". The Baltimore Sun. 22 October 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2025.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Redhouse, James W (1890). A Turkish and English Lexicon. Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian. p. 1236.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Andrea B. Rugh (1986). Reveal and Conceal: Dress in Contemporary Egypt. Syracuse University Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-8156-2368-7.
R. Turner Wilcox (2013). The Mode in Hats and Headdress: A Historical Survey with 198 Plates. Courier Corporation. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-486-31830-1.
Hilda Amphlett (2012). Hats: A History of Fashion in Headwear. Courier Corporation. p. 12. ISBN 978-0486136585. FEZ. (From Fez in Morocco). Of Turkish origin.
Chico, Beverly (2013). Hats and Headwear around the World: A Cultural Encyclopedia: A Cultural Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 175–176. ISBN 978-1-61069-063-8.
Lynch, Annette; Strauss, Mitchell D., eds. (2014). Ethnic Dress in the United States: A Cultural Encyclopedia. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-7591-2150-8.
Jirousek, Charlotte A. (2019). Ottoman Dress and Design in the West: A Visual History of Cultural Exchange. Indiana University Press. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-253-04219-4.
Ruth Turner Wilcox (2013). The Mode in Hats and Headdress: A Historical Survey with 198 Plates. Courier Corporation. p. 33. ISBN 978-0486318301. The Turkish fez
Postcolonial Approaches to the European Middle Ages: Translating Cultures. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Dunham, Dilmeran Akgöze. The Hat as Symbol of Westernization in Turkey. Cornell University, June, 1985. p.22.
Philip Mansel (10 November 2011). Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 1453-1924. John Murray Press. p. 251. ISBN 978-1-84854-647-9.
Mark Juergensmeyer; Wade Clark Roof (2012). Encyclopedia of Global Religion. SAGE. p. 402. ISBN 978-0-7619-2729-7.
A. Maxwell (2014). Patriots Against Fashion: Clothing and Nationalism in Europe's Age of Revolutions. Springer. ISBN 978-1-137-27714-5.
George H. Stein (1984). The Waffen SS: Hitler's Elite Guard at War, 1939–1945. Cornell University Press. p. 182. ISBN 0-8014-9275-0.
Green, L.G. (1951). Grow Lovely, Growing Old: The Story of Cape Town's Three Centuries-the Streets, the Houses, the Characters, the Legends, Traditions and Folklore, the Laughter and Tears. H. Timmins. Retrieved 20 February 2023.

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

"fez | hat | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 21 July 2022.

bt.com.bn (Global: low place; English: 7,088^th place)

Rozan Yunos (23 September 2007). "The origin of the songkok or 'kopiah'". The Brunei Times. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008. Retrieved 13 April 2016.

cbr.com (Global: 246^th place; English: 180^th place)

Nolan, Liam (7 January 2020). "Gravity Falls: Alex Hirsch Reveals Why Grunkle Stan's Hat Changed". CBR. Retrieved 10 September 2024.

dailysabah.com (Global: 2,228^th place; English: 1,641^st place)

EKREM BUĞRA EKINCI (2016), Fez: A time-honored Ottoman hat from the Mediterranean, Daily Sabah, archived from the original on 12 May 2022, retrieved 16 September 2020, The fez used to be common headwear in Mediterranean countries and originated from Morocco.
"Jewish Community in Ottoman Empire". Daily Sabah. 13 October 2017. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2019.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Kahlenberg, Caroline R. (2019). "The Tarbush Transformation: Oriental Jewish Men and the Significance of Headgear in Ottoman and British Mandate Palestine". Journal of Social History. 52 (4): 1212–1249. doi:10.1093/jsh/shx164.
Quataert, Donald (August 1997). "Clothing Laws, State, and Society in the Ottoman Empire, 1720–1829". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 29 (3): 403–25. doi:10.1017/s0020743800064837. JSTOR 164587. S2CID 54626714.
Deringil, Selim (January 1993). "The Invention of Tradition as Public Image in the Late Ottoman Empire, 1808 to 1908". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 35 (1): 9. doi:10.1017/S0010417500018247. S2CID 145056061.
Philipp O. Amour (2018). "Yusif Sayigh: Personal Account of the Palestinian National Movement". Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies. 17 (1): 143. doi:10.3366/hlps.2018.0184.

dsae.co.za (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Kofia". A Dictionary of South African English. 20 February 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2023. 1951 L.G. Green, Grow Lovely, 189: Cape Malays call the fez a kofija.

edseed.me (Global: low place; English: low place)

Alallawi, Bashar (29 August 2021). "The fez throughout history". edSeed. Retrieved 22 February 2023.

fcat.es (Global: low place; English: low place)

7ª Edición (PDF) (in French, Spanish, and English). Festival de Cine Africano de Tarifa / Tarifa African Film Festival (FCAT). May 2010. pp. 86–87.

fezmuseum.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Fez Museum - Dedicated to Fraternal Fez Hats". www.fezmuseum.com.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "April 1897 - Jaffa Gate in Jerusalem (speed corrected w/ added sound)". YouTube. 6 October 2018.

hatsandcaps.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"History of the Fez | Iconic Hats | Village Hats".

indiatimes.com (Global: 17^th place; English: 15^th place)

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

Moulika KV (28 January 2018). "Nizam's Rumi topi now makes style statement | Hyderabad News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
Syed Akbar (1 November 2021). "Hyderabad: Rumi topi defies time, still popular | Hyderabad News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 6 March 2022.

inilah.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

m.inilah.com

Abdullah Mubarok (21 February 2016). "PDIP: Kopiah Bagian Dari identitas Nasional" (in Indonesian). Inilah.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2016.

iol.co.za (Global: 1,318^th place; English: 794^th place)

"Muslim man wins fez court battle". IOL. 24 February 2006. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
Landsberg, Ian (14 March 2022). "Last of his kind: Traditional fez maker in Kensington hangs up his hat". IOL. Retrieved 20 February 2023.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Quataert, D. (1997). Clothing Laws, State, and Society in the Ottoman Empire, 1720-1829. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 29(3), page 412
Quataert, Donald (August 1997). "Clothing Laws, State, and Society in the Ottoman Empire, 1720–1829". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 29 (3): 403–25. doi:10.1017/s0020743800064837. JSTOR 164587. S2CID 54626714.

metro.co.uk (Global: 296^th place; English: 217^th place)

"Doctor Who proves fezzes are still cool in epic throwback to Matt Smith era". Metro. 17 November 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2024.

mg.co.za (Global: 2,427^th place; English: 1,420^th place)

De Waal, Shaun (16 September 2009). "The Song remains the same". The Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 14 February 2023.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

"Fez Journal; Last Refuge of the Tall Tasseled Ottoman Hat". The New York Times. 22 March 1995. Retrieved 8 March 2019.

rct.uk (Global: 5,189^th place; English: 3,762^nd place)

"Malay Pilgrims from Cape Town on their way to Mecca" (photo). Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 20 February 2023.

saracens.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Fez Club". Saracens. Retrieved 17 July 2024.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Quataert, Donald (August 1997). "Clothing Laws, State, and Society in the Ottoman Empire, 1720–1829". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 29 (3): 403–25. doi:10.1017/s0020743800064837. JSTOR 164587. S2CID 54626714.
Deringil, Selim (January 1993). "The Invention of Tradition as Public Image in the Late Ottoman Empire, 1808 to 1908". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 35 (1): 9. doi:10.1017/S0010417500018247. S2CID 145056061.

sewjewish.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bywater, Maria (30 July 2014). "The Fabric of Jewish History: Ottoman Jews". Sew Jewish.

shrinersinternational.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Shriners International: History: The Fez". Shriners International. Archived from the original on 15 May 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2015.

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

Logan, Brian (5 December 2016). "Just like hat! Why Tommy Cooper's fez was much more than a prop". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 November 2020.

ua.es (Global: 7,170^th place; English: low place)

rua.ua.es

Balteiro, Isabel. "Foreign words in the English of textiles." (2010).

uj.ac.za (Global: low place; English: low place)

ujdigispace.uj.ac.za

Argun, Selim (2000). "Life and Contribution of Osmanli Scholar, Abu bakr Effendi, towards Islamic thought and Culture in South Africa" (PDF). pp. 7–8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 August 2011.

uni-halle.de (Global: 5,668^th place; English: 6,019^th place)

menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de

Kélékian, Diran (1911). "طرپوش", in Dictionnaire turc-français. Constantinople: Mihran. p. 802.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

unito.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

ojs.unito.it

Pennacchietti, Fabrizio A. "Sull'etimologia del termine tarbusc "fez"."

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"The Truth Behind the Tarboush". World Youth Alliance. 16 December 2017. Archived from the original on 29 August 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
EKREM BUĞRA EKINCI (2016), Fez: A time-honored Ottoman hat from the Mediterranean, Daily Sabah, archived from the original on 12 May 2022, retrieved 16 September 2020, The fez used to be common headwear in Mediterranean countries and originated from Morocco.
"Jewish Community in Ottoman Empire". Daily Sabah. 13 October 2017. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "April 1897 - Jaffa Gate in Jerusalem (speed corrected w/ added sound)". YouTube. 6 October 2018.
Rozan Yunos (23 September 2007). "The origin of the songkok or 'kopiah'". The Brunei Times. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
Abdullah Mubarok (21 February 2016). "PDIP: Kopiah Bagian Dari identitas Nasional" (in Indonesian). Inilah.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
Argun, Selim (2000). "Life and Contribution of Osmanli Scholar, Abu bakr Effendi, towards Islamic thought and Culture in South Africa" (PDF). pp. 7–8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 August 2011.
"Shriners International: History: The Fez". Shriners International. Archived from the original on 15 May 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2015.

wya.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Truth Behind the Tarboush". World Youth Alliance. 16 December 2017. Archived from the original on 29 August 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2023.

youtube.com (Global: 9^th place; English: 13^th place)

Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "April 1897 - Jaffa Gate in Jerusalem (speed corrected w/ added sound)". YouTube. 6 October 2018.
"Madness - Night Boat to Cairo (Official HD Video)". youtube. Retrieved 21 August 2024.

Fez (hat) (English Wikipedia)

aecid.es (Global: low place; English: low place)

bibliotecadigital.aecid.es

aljazeera.com (Global: 268th place; English: 215th place)

aljazeera.net (Global: 665th place; English: 1,745th place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

baltimoresun.com (Global: 453rd place; English: 267th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 40th place; English: 58th place)

bt.com.bn (Global: low place; English: 7,088th place)

cbr.com (Global: 246th place; English: 180th place)

dailysabah.com (Global: 2,228th place; English: 1,641st place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

dsae.co.za (Global: low place; English: low place)

edseed.me (Global: low place; English: low place)

fcat.es (Global: low place; English: low place)

fezmuseum.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32nd place; English: 21st place)

hatsandcaps.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

indiatimes.com (Global: 17th place; English: 15th place)

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

inilah.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

m.inilah.com

iol.co.za (Global: 1,318th place; English: 794th place)

jstor.org (Global: 26th place; English: 20th place)

metro.co.uk (Global: 296th place; English: 217th place)

mg.co.za (Global: 2,427th place; English: 1,420th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

rct.uk (Global: 5,189th place; English: 3,762nd place)

saracens.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

sewjewish.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

shrinersinternational.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

theguardian.com (Global: 12th place; English: 11th place)

ua.es (Global: 7,170th place; English: low place)

rua.ua.es

uj.ac.za (Global: low place; English: low place)

ujdigispace.uj.ac.za

uni-halle.de (Global: 5,668th place; English: 6,019th place)

menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de

unito.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

ojs.unito.it

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

wya.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

youtube.com (Global: 9th place; English: 13th place)

aljazeera.com (Global: 268^th place; English: 215^th place)

aljazeera.net (Global: 665^th place; English: 1,745^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

baltimoresun.com (Global: 453^rd place; English: 267^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

bt.com.bn (Global: low place; English: 7,088^th place)

cbr.com (Global: 246^th place; English: 180^th place)

dailysabah.com (Global: 2,228^th place; English: 1,641^st place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

indiatimes.com (Global: 17^th place; English: 15^th place)

iol.co.za (Global: 1,318^th place; English: 794^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

metro.co.uk (Global: 296^th place; English: 217^th place)

mg.co.za (Global: 2,427^th place; English: 1,420^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

rct.uk (Global: 5,189^th place; English: 3,762^nd place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

ua.es (Global: 7,170^th place; English: low place)

uni-halle.de (Global: 5,668^th place; English: 6,019^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

youtube.com (Global: 9^th place; English: 13^th place)