Fight-or-flight response (English Wikipedia)

Cannon, Walter B. (1914). "The emergency function of the adrenal medulla in pain and the major emotions". American Journal of Physiology. 33 (2): 356–372. doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1914.33.2.356.
Jansen, A; Nguyen, X; Karpitsky, V; Mettenleiter, M (27 October 1995). "Central Command Neurons of the Sympathetic Nervous System: Basis of the Fight-or-Flight Response". Science Magazine. 5236 (270): 644–6. Bibcode:1995Sci...270..644J. doi:10.1126/science.270.5236.644. PMID 7570024. S2CID 38807605.
Donahue, J.J. (2020). "Fight-Flight-Freeze System". In Zeigler-Hill, V.; Shackelford, T.K. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. pp. 1590–1595. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_751. ISBN 978-3-319-24610-9. S2CID 240856695.
Bracha, H. Stefan (September 2004). "Freeze, Flight, Fight, Fright, Faint: Adaptationist Perspectives on the Acute Stress Response Spectrum" (PDF). CNS Spectrums. 9 (9): 679–685. doi:10.1017/S1092852900001954. PMID 15337864. S2CID 8430710. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
Kozlowska, Kasia; Walker, Peter; McLean, Loyola; Carrive, Pascal (2015). "Fear and the Defense Cascade: Clinical Implications and Management". Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 23 (4): 263–287. doi:10.1097/HRP.0000000000000065. ISSN 1067-3229. PMC 4495877. PMID 26062169.
Padgett, David; Glaser, R (August 2003). "How stress influences the immune response". Trends in Immunology. 24 (8): 444–448. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.467.1386. doi:10.1016/S1471-4906(03)00173-X. PMID 12909458.
Cistler, Josh; Bunmi O. Olatunji; Matthew T. Feldner; John P. Forsyth (2010). "Emotion Regulation and the Anxiety Disorders: An Integrative Review". Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 32 (1): 68–82. doi:10.1007/s10862-009-9161-1. PMC 2901125. PMID 20622981.
Gross, James (1998). "Sharpening the Focus: Emotion Regulation, Arousal, and Social Competence". Psychological Inquiry. 9 (4): 287–290. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0904_8.
Avero, Pedro; Calvo, M (1 July 1999). "Emotional reactivity to social-evaluative stress: genderdifferences in response systems concordance". Personality and Individual Differences. 27 (1): 155–170. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00229-3.
Clayton, Russell B.; Lang, Annie; Leshner, Glenn; Quick, Brian L. (2019-07-04). "Who Fights, Who Flees? An Integration of the LC4MP and Psychological Reactance Theory". Media Psychology. 22 (4): 545–571. doi:10.1080/15213269.2018.1476157. ISSN 1521-3269.
Sanders-Jackson, Ashley N.; Cappella, Joseph N.; Linebarger, Deborah L.; Piotrowski, Jessica Taylor; O'Keeffe, Moira; Strasser, Andrew A. (2011-04-01). "Visual Attention to Antismoking PSAs: Smoking Cues versus Other Attention-Grabbing Features". Human Communication Research. 37 (2): 275–292. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01402.x. ISSN 0360-3989. PMC 3489183. PMID 23136462.
Clayton, Russell B.; Leshner, Glenn; Tomko, Rachel L.; Trull, Timothy J.; Piasecki, Thomas M. (2017-03-04). "Who Fights, Who Flees? An Integration of the LC4MP and Psychological Reactance Theory". Media Psychology. 22 (3): 254–261. doi:10.1080/10810730.2016.1268222. ISSN 1081-0730. PMC 5451094. PMID 28248620.
Wong, Norman C. H.; Harrison, Kylie J.; Harvell, Lindsey A. (2015-09-24). "Reactance and Public Health Messages: The Unintended Dangers of Anti-tobacco PSAs". Studies in Media and Communication. 3 (2): 72–83. doi:10.11114/smc.v3i2.1022. ISSN 2325-808X.
Carthy, T; Horesh N; Apter A; Edge MD; Gross JJ (May 2010). "Emotional reactivity and cognitive regulation in anxious children". Behaviour Research and Therapy. 48 (5): 384–393. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.12.013. PMID 20089246. S2CID 14382059.
Valiente, C; Eisenberg N; Smith CL; Reiser M; Fabes RA; Losoya S; Guthrie IK; Murphy BC (December 2003). "The relations of effortful control and reactive control to children's externalising problems: A longitudinal assessment". Personality. 71 (6): 1171–1196. doi:10.1111/1467-6494.7106011. PMID 14633062.
Reid, Sophie C.; Salmon, Karen; Peter F. Lovibond (October 2006). "Cognitive Biases in Childhood Anxiety, Depression, and Aggression: Are They Pervasive or Specific?". Cognitive Therapy and Research. 30 (5): 531–549. doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9077-y. S2CID 28911747.
Weems, CF; Silverman, WK (April 2006). "An integrative model of control: implications for understanding emotion regulation and dysregulation in childhood anxiety". Journal of Affective Disorders. 91 (2): 113–124. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.01.009. PMID 16487599.
Brendgen, M; Vitaro F; Turgeon L; Poulin F; Wanner B (June 2004). "Is there a dark side of positive illusions? Overestimation of social competence and subsequent adjustment in aggressive and nonaggressive children". Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 32 (3): 305–320. doi:10.1023/B:JACP.0000026144.08470.cd. PMID 15228179. S2CID 11239252.
Crick, Nicki; Dodge, Kenneth (January 1994). "A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment". Psychological Bulletin. 115 (1): 74–101. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.74.
Dodge, Kenneth (March 1980). "Social cognition and children's aggressive behavior". Journal of Child Development. 51 (1): 162–170. doi:10.2307/1129603. JSTOR 1129603. PMID 7363732.
Adamo, S. A. (2014-09-01). "The Effects of Stress Hormones on Immune Function May be Vital for the Adaptive Reconfiguration of the Immune System During Fight-or-Flight Behavior". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 54 (3): 419–426. doi:10.1093/icb/icu005. ISSN 1540-7063. PMID 24691569.
Goldstein, David; Kopin, I (2007). "Evolution of concepts of stress". Stress. 10 (2): 109–20. doi:10.1080/10253890701288935. PMID 17514579. S2CID 25072963.
Dugatkin, Lee Alan (1992). "Tendency to inspect predators predicts mortality risk in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)". Behavioral Ecology. 3 (2). Oxford University Press: 125–127. doi:10.1093/beheco/3.2.124. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
Niermann, H.C.M.; Figner, F.; Roelofs, K. (January 24, 2017). "Individual differences in defensive stress-responses: the potential relevance for psychopathology". Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences. 14: 94–101. doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.01.002. hdl:2066/166278 – via Science Direct.
Humphreys, Rosalind K.; Ruxton, Graeme D. (2018). "A review of thanatosis (death feigning) as an anti-predator behaviour". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 72 (2): 22. Bibcode:2018BEcoS..72...22H. doi:10.1007/s00265-017-2436-8. ISSN 0340-5443. PMC 5769822. PMID 29386702.
Rösler, Lara; Gamer, Matthias (2019-11-20). "Freezing of gaze during action preparation under threat imminence". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 17215. Bibcode:2019NatSR...917215R. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53683-4. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6868270. PMID 31748589.
Kozlowska, Kasia; Walker, Peter; McLean, Loyola; Carrive, Pascal (2015). "Fear and the Defense Cascade: Clinical Implications and Management". Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 23 (4): 263–287. doi:10.1097/HRP.0000000000000065. ISSN 1465-7309. PMC 4495877. PMID 26062169.
Singh, J; Aballay, A (April 8, 2019). "Microbial Colonization Activates an Immune Fight-and-Flight Response via Neuroendocrine Signaling". Developmental Cell. 49 (1): 89–99. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2019.02.001. PMC 6456415. PMID 30827896.
Roelofs, Karin (2017-04-19). "Freeze for action: neurobiological mechanisms in animal and human freezing". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 372 (1718) 20160206. doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0206. ISSN 1471-2970. PMC 5332864. PMID 28242739.

endotext.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Margioris, Andrew; Tsatsanis, Christos (April 2011). "ACTH Action on the Adrenal". Endotext.org. Archived from the original on 6 March 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2013.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Niermann, H.C.M.; Figner, F.; Roelofs, K. (January 24, 2017). "Individual differences in defensive stress-responses: the potential relevance for psychopathology". Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences. 14: 94–101. doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.01.002. hdl:2066/166278 – via Science Direct.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Jansen, A; Nguyen, X; Karpitsky, V; Mettenleiter, M (27 October 1995). "Central Command Neurons of the Sympathetic Nervous System: Basis of the Fight-or-Flight Response". Science Magazine. 5236 (270): 644–6. Bibcode:1995Sci...270..644J. doi:10.1126/science.270.5236.644. PMID 7570024. S2CID 38807605.
Humphreys, Rosalind K.; Ruxton, Graeme D. (2018). "A review of thanatosis (death feigning) as an anti-predator behaviour". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 72 (2): 22. Bibcode:2018BEcoS..72...22H. doi:10.1007/s00265-017-2436-8. ISSN 0340-5443. PMC 5769822. PMID 29386702.
Rösler, Lara; Gamer, Matthias (2019-11-20). "Freezing of gaze during action preparation under threat imminence". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 17215. Bibcode:2019NatSR...917215R. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53683-4. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6868270. PMID 31748589.

health.com (Global: 8,304^th place; English: 6,074^th place)

"It's Not Just 'Fight or Flight'—Other Ways Your Body Responds To Stress". Health. Retrieved 2025-05-26.

huffingtonpost.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

"Adrenaline, Cortisol, Norepinephrine: The Three Major Stress Hormones, Explained". Huffington Post. April 19, 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2014.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Dodge, Kenneth (March 1980). "Social cognition and children's aggressive behavior". Journal of Child Development. 51 (1): 162–170. doi:10.2307/1129603. JSTOR 1129603. PMID 7363732.

newyorker.com (Global: 146^th place; English: 110^th place)

Schulz, Kathryn (2024-10-28). "What Do Animals Understand About Death?". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 2025-05-26.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Jansen, A; Nguyen, X; Karpitsky, V; Mettenleiter, M (27 October 1995). "Central Command Neurons of the Sympathetic Nervous System: Basis of the Fight-or-Flight Response". Science Magazine. 5236 (270): 644–6. Bibcode:1995Sci...270..644J. doi:10.1126/science.270.5236.644. PMID 7570024. S2CID 38807605.
Bracha, H. Stefan (September 2004). "Freeze, Flight, Fight, Fright, Faint: Adaptationist Perspectives on the Acute Stress Response Spectrum" (PDF). CNS Spectrums. 9 (9): 679–685. doi:10.1017/S1092852900001954. PMID 15337864. S2CID 8430710. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
Kozlowska, Kasia; Walker, Peter; McLean, Loyola; Carrive, Pascal (2015). "Fear and the Defense Cascade: Clinical Implications and Management". Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 23 (4): 263–287. doi:10.1097/HRP.0000000000000065. ISSN 1067-3229. PMC 4495877. PMID 26062169.
Padgett, David; Glaser, R (August 2003). "How stress influences the immune response". Trends in Immunology. 24 (8): 444–448. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.467.1386. doi:10.1016/S1471-4906(03)00173-X. PMID 12909458.
Cistler, Josh; Bunmi O. Olatunji; Matthew T. Feldner; John P. Forsyth (2010). "Emotion Regulation and the Anxiety Disorders: An Integrative Review". Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 32 (1): 68–82. doi:10.1007/s10862-009-9161-1. PMC 2901125. PMID 20622981.
Sanders-Jackson, Ashley N.; Cappella, Joseph N.; Linebarger, Deborah L.; Piotrowski, Jessica Taylor; O'Keeffe, Moira; Strasser, Andrew A. (2011-04-01). "Visual Attention to Antismoking PSAs: Smoking Cues versus Other Attention-Grabbing Features". Human Communication Research. 37 (2): 275–292. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01402.x. ISSN 0360-3989. PMC 3489183. PMID 23136462.
Clayton, Russell B.; Leshner, Glenn; Tomko, Rachel L.; Trull, Timothy J.; Piasecki, Thomas M. (2017-03-04). "Who Fights, Who Flees? An Integration of the LC4MP and Psychological Reactance Theory". Media Psychology. 22 (3): 254–261. doi:10.1080/10810730.2016.1268222. ISSN 1081-0730. PMC 5451094. PMID 28248620.
Carthy, T; Horesh N; Apter A; Edge MD; Gross JJ (May 2010). "Emotional reactivity and cognitive regulation in anxious children". Behaviour Research and Therapy. 48 (5): 384–393. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.12.013. PMID 20089246. S2CID 14382059.
Valiente, C; Eisenberg N; Smith CL; Reiser M; Fabes RA; Losoya S; Guthrie IK; Murphy BC (December 2003). "The relations of effortful control and reactive control to children's externalising problems: A longitudinal assessment". Personality. 71 (6): 1171–1196. doi:10.1111/1467-6494.7106011. PMID 14633062.
Weems, CF; Silverman, WK (April 2006). "An integrative model of control: implications for understanding emotion regulation and dysregulation in childhood anxiety". Journal of Affective Disorders. 91 (2): 113–124. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.01.009. PMID 16487599.
Brendgen, M; Vitaro F; Turgeon L; Poulin F; Wanner B (June 2004). "Is there a dark side of positive illusions? Overestimation of social competence and subsequent adjustment in aggressive and nonaggressive children". Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 32 (3): 305–320. doi:10.1023/B:JACP.0000026144.08470.cd. PMID 15228179. S2CID 11239252.
Dodge, Kenneth (March 1980). "Social cognition and children's aggressive behavior". Journal of Child Development. 51 (1): 162–170. doi:10.2307/1129603. JSTOR 1129603. PMID 7363732.
Adamo, S. A. (2014-09-01). "The Effects of Stress Hormones on Immune Function May be Vital for the Adaptive Reconfiguration of the Immune System During Fight-or-Flight Behavior". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 54 (3): 419–426. doi:10.1093/icb/icu005. ISSN 1540-7063. PMID 24691569.
Goldstein, David; Kopin, I (2007). "Evolution of concepts of stress". Stress. 10 (2): 109–20. doi:10.1080/10253890701288935. PMID 17514579. S2CID 25072963.
Humphreys, Rosalind K.; Ruxton, Graeme D. (2018). "A review of thanatosis (death feigning) as an anti-predator behaviour". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 72 (2): 22. Bibcode:2018BEcoS..72...22H. doi:10.1007/s00265-017-2436-8. ISSN 0340-5443. PMC 5769822. PMID 29386702.
Rösler, Lara; Gamer, Matthias (2019-11-20). "Freezing of gaze during action preparation under threat imminence". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 17215. Bibcode:2019NatSR...917215R. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53683-4. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6868270. PMID 31748589.
Kozlowska, Kasia; Walker, Peter; McLean, Loyola; Carrive, Pascal (2015). "Fear and the Defense Cascade: Clinical Implications and Management". Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 23 (4): 263–287. doi:10.1097/HRP.0000000000000065. ISSN 1465-7309. PMC 4495877. PMID 26062169.
Singh, J; Aballay, A (April 8, 2019). "Microbial Colonization Activates an Immune Fight-and-Flight Response via Neuroendocrine Signaling". Developmental Cell. 49 (1): 89–99. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2019.02.001. PMC 6456415. PMID 30827896.
Roelofs, Karin (2017-04-19). "Freeze for action: neurobiological mechanisms in animal and human freezing". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 372 (1718) 20160206. doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0206. ISSN 1471-2970. PMC 5332864. PMID 28242739.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Kozlowska, Kasia; Walker, Peter; McLean, Loyola; Carrive, Pascal (2015). "Fear and the Defense Cascade: Clinical Implications and Management". Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 23 (4): 263–287. doi:10.1097/HRP.0000000000000065. ISSN 1067-3229. PMC 4495877. PMID 26062169.
Cistler, Josh; Bunmi O. Olatunji; Matthew T. Feldner; John P. Forsyth (2010). "Emotion Regulation and the Anxiety Disorders: An Integrative Review". Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 32 (1): 68–82. doi:10.1007/s10862-009-9161-1. PMC 2901125. PMID 20622981.
Sanders-Jackson, Ashley N.; Cappella, Joseph N.; Linebarger, Deborah L.; Piotrowski, Jessica Taylor; O'Keeffe, Moira; Strasser, Andrew A. (2011-04-01). "Visual Attention to Antismoking PSAs: Smoking Cues versus Other Attention-Grabbing Features". Human Communication Research. 37 (2): 275–292. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01402.x. ISSN 0360-3989. PMC 3489183. PMID 23136462.
Clayton, Russell B.; Leshner, Glenn; Tomko, Rachel L.; Trull, Timothy J.; Piasecki, Thomas M. (2017-03-04). "Who Fights, Who Flees? An Integration of the LC4MP and Psychological Reactance Theory". Media Psychology. 22 (3): 254–261. doi:10.1080/10810730.2016.1268222. ISSN 1081-0730. PMC 5451094. PMID 28248620.
Humphreys, Rosalind K.; Ruxton, Graeme D. (2018). "A review of thanatosis (death feigning) as an anti-predator behaviour". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 72 (2): 22. Bibcode:2018BEcoS..72...22H. doi:10.1007/s00265-017-2436-8. ISSN 0340-5443. PMC 5769822. PMID 29386702.
Rösler, Lara; Gamer, Matthias (2019-11-20). "Freezing of gaze during action preparation under threat imminence". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 17215. Bibcode:2019NatSR...917215R. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53683-4. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6868270. PMID 31748589.
Kozlowska, Kasia; Walker, Peter; McLean, Loyola; Carrive, Pascal (2015). "Fear and the Defense Cascade: Clinical Implications and Management". Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 23 (4): 263–287. doi:10.1097/HRP.0000000000000065. ISSN 1465-7309. PMC 4495877. PMID 26062169.
Singh, J; Aballay, A (April 8, 2019). "Microbial Colonization Activates an Immune Fight-and-Flight Response via Neuroendocrine Signaling". Developmental Cell. 49 (1): 89–99. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2019.02.001. PMC 6456415. PMID 30827896.
Roelofs, Karin (2017-04-19). "Freeze for action: neurobiological mechanisms in animal and human freezing". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 372 (1718) 20160206. doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0206. ISSN 1471-2970. PMC 5332864. PMID 28242739.

oup.com (Global: 485^th place; English: 440^th place)

academic.oup.com

Dugatkin, Lee Alan (1992). "Tendency to inspect predators predicts mortality risk in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)". Behavioral Ecology. 3 (2). Oxford University Press: 125–127. doi:10.1093/beheco/3.2.124. Retrieved September 9, 2020.

phys.org (Global: 1,283^rd place; English: 1,130^th place)

"Bone, not adrenaline, drives fight or flight response". phys.org. Retrieved 2020-06-22.

psu.edu (Global: 207^th place; English: 136^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Padgett, David; Glaser, R (August 2003). "How stress influences the immune response". Trends in Immunology. 24 (8): 444–448. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.467.1386. doi:10.1016/S1471-4906(03)00173-X. PMID 12909458.

psychcentral.com (Global: 9,619^th place; English: 7,824^th place)

Grohol, John. "What's the purpose of the fight or flight response?". Archived from the original on 23 March 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2013.

rapecrisis.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The 5 Fs: fight, flight, freeze, flop and friend". Rape Crisis England & Wales. Retrieved 2025-05-26.

redfame.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Wong, Norman C. H.; Harrison, Kylie J.; Harvell, Lindsey A. (2015-09-24). "Reactance and Public Health Messages: The Unintended Dangers of Anti-tobacco PSAs". Studies in Media and Communication. 3 (2): 72–83. doi:10.11114/smc.v3i2.1022. ISSN 2325-808X.

sciencedirect.com (Global: 149^th place; English: 178^th place)

Niermann, H.C.M.; Figner, F.; Roelofs, K. (January 24, 2017). "Individual differences in defensive stress-responses: the potential relevance for psychopathology". Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences. 14: 94–101. doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.01.002. hdl:2066/166278 – via Science Direct.

scientificamerican.com (Global: 896^th place; English: 674^th place)

Kwon, Diana. "Fight or Flight May Be in Our Bones". Scientific American. Retrieved 2020-06-22.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Jansen, A; Nguyen, X; Karpitsky, V; Mettenleiter, M (27 October 1995). "Central Command Neurons of the Sympathetic Nervous System: Basis of the Fight-or-Flight Response". Science Magazine. 5236 (270): 644–6. Bibcode:1995Sci...270..644J. doi:10.1126/science.270.5236.644. PMID 7570024. S2CID 38807605.
Donahue, J.J. (2020). "Fight-Flight-Freeze System". In Zeigler-Hill, V.; Shackelford, T.K. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. pp. 1590–1595. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_751. ISBN 978-3-319-24610-9. S2CID 240856695.
Bracha, H. Stefan (September 2004). "Freeze, Flight, Fight, Fright, Faint: Adaptationist Perspectives on the Acute Stress Response Spectrum" (PDF). CNS Spectrums. 9 (9): 679–685. doi:10.1017/S1092852900001954. PMID 15337864. S2CID 8430710. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
Carthy, T; Horesh N; Apter A; Edge MD; Gross JJ (May 2010). "Emotional reactivity and cognitive regulation in anxious children". Behaviour Research and Therapy. 48 (5): 384–393. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.12.013. PMID 20089246. S2CID 14382059.
Reid, Sophie C.; Salmon, Karen; Peter F. Lovibond (October 2006). "Cognitive Biases in Childhood Anxiety, Depression, and Aggression: Are They Pervasive or Specific?". Cognitive Therapy and Research. 30 (5): 531–549. doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9077-y. S2CID 28911747.
Brendgen, M; Vitaro F; Turgeon L; Poulin F; Wanner B (June 2004). "Is there a dark side of positive illusions? Overestimation of social competence and subsequent adjustment in aggressive and nonaggressive children". Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 32 (3): 305–320. doi:10.1023/B:JACP.0000026144.08470.cd. PMID 15228179. S2CID 11239252.
Goldstein, David; Kopin, I (2007). "Evolution of concepts of stress". Stress. 10 (2): 109–20. doi:10.1080/10253890701288935. PMID 17514579. S2CID 25072963.

simplypsychology.org (Global: low place; English: 7,859^th place)

"Fight, Flight, Freeze, or Fawn: How We Respond to Threats". 2023-11-09. Retrieved 2025-05-26.

tandfonline.com (Global: 507^th place; English: 429^th place)

Clayton, Russell B.; Lang, Annie; Leshner, Glenn; Quick, Brian L. (2019-07-04). "Who Fights, Who Flees? An Integration of the LC4MP and Psychological Reactance Theory". Media Psychology. 22 (4): 545–571. doi:10.1080/15213269.2018.1476157. ISSN 1521-3269.

tripod.com (Global: 549^th place; English: 491^st place)

stresscourse.tripod.com

Stress Management for Health Course. "The Fight Flight Response". Retrieved 19 April 2013.

usoud.cz (Global: low place; English: low place)

knihovna.usoud.cz

Gawron, Tomáš (2023). Nutná obrana v právní praxi (in Czech). Brno: Václav Klemm. p. 289. ISBN 978-80-87713-23-5.

utah.edu (Global: 2,446^th place; English: 1,661^st place)

learn.genetics.utah.edu

"HOW CELLS COMMUNICATE DURING THE FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE". University of Utah. Archived from the original on 8 August 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2013.

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faculty.washington.edu

Chudler, Eric. "Neuroscience For Kids". University of Washington. Retrieved 19 April 2013.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Margioris, Andrew; Tsatsanis, Christos (April 2011). "ACTH Action on the Adrenal". Endotext.org. Archived from the original on 6 March 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
"HOW CELLS COMMUNICATE DURING THE FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE". University of Utah. Archived from the original on 8 August 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
Olpin, Michael. "The Science of Stress". Weber State University. Archived from the original on 2017-11-20. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
Grohol, John. "What's the purpose of the fight or flight response?". Archived from the original on 23 March 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2013.

weber.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

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Olpin, Michael. "The Science of Stress". Weber State University. Archived from the original on 2017-11-20. Retrieved 2013-04-25.

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Kozlowska, Kasia; Walker, Peter; McLean, Loyola; Carrive, Pascal (2015). "Fear and the Defense Cascade: Clinical Implications and Management". Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 23 (4): 263–287. doi:10.1097/HRP.0000000000000065. ISSN 1067-3229. PMC 4495877. PMID 26062169.
Clayton, Russell B.; Lang, Annie; Leshner, Glenn; Quick, Brian L. (2019-07-04). "Who Fights, Who Flees? An Integration of the LC4MP and Psychological Reactance Theory". Media Psychology. 22 (4): 545–571. doi:10.1080/15213269.2018.1476157. ISSN 1521-3269.
Sanders-Jackson, Ashley N.; Cappella, Joseph N.; Linebarger, Deborah L.; Piotrowski, Jessica Taylor; O'Keeffe, Moira; Strasser, Andrew A. (2011-04-01). "Visual Attention to Antismoking PSAs: Smoking Cues versus Other Attention-Grabbing Features". Human Communication Research. 37 (2): 275–292. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01402.x. ISSN 0360-3989. PMC 3489183. PMID 23136462.
Clayton, Russell B.; Leshner, Glenn; Tomko, Rachel L.; Trull, Timothy J.; Piasecki, Thomas M. (2017-03-04). "Who Fights, Who Flees? An Integration of the LC4MP and Psychological Reactance Theory". Media Psychology. 22 (3): 254–261. doi:10.1080/10810730.2016.1268222. ISSN 1081-0730. PMC 5451094. PMID 28248620.
Wong, Norman C. H.; Harrison, Kylie J.; Harvell, Lindsey A. (2015-09-24). "Reactance and Public Health Messages: The Unintended Dangers of Anti-tobacco PSAs". Studies in Media and Communication. 3 (2): 72–83. doi:10.11114/smc.v3i2.1022. ISSN 2325-808X.
Adamo, S. A. (2014-09-01). "The Effects of Stress Hormones on Immune Function May be Vital for the Adaptive Reconfiguration of the Immune System During Fight-or-Flight Behavior". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 54 (3): 419–426. doi:10.1093/icb/icu005. ISSN 1540-7063. PMID 24691569.
Schulz, Kathryn (2024-10-28). "What Do Animals Understand About Death?". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 2025-05-26.
Humphreys, Rosalind K.; Ruxton, Graeme D. (2018). "A review of thanatosis (death feigning) as an anti-predator behaviour". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 72 (2): 22. Bibcode:2018BEcoS..72...22H. doi:10.1007/s00265-017-2436-8. ISSN 0340-5443. PMC 5769822. PMID 29386702.
Rösler, Lara; Gamer, Matthias (2019-11-20). "Freezing of gaze during action preparation under threat imminence". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 17215. Bibcode:2019NatSR...917215R. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53683-4. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6868270. PMID 31748589.
Kozlowska, Kasia; Walker, Peter; McLean, Loyola; Carrive, Pascal (2015). "Fear and the Defense Cascade: Clinical Implications and Management". Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 23 (4): 263–287. doi:10.1097/HRP.0000000000000065. ISSN 1465-7309. PMC 4495877. PMID 26062169.
Roelofs, Karin (2017-04-19). "Freeze for action: neurobiological mechanisms in animal and human freezing". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 372 (1718) 20160206. doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0206. ISSN 1471-2970. PMC 5332864. PMID 28242739.

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King, Michael. "PATHWAYS: GLYCOGEN & GLUCOSE". Washington University in St. Louis.

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