First Battle of Bull Run (English Wikipedia)

"Greenhow, Rose O'Neal" Archived January 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, (1817–1864), The National Archives – People Description. 1817–1864, (accessed February 5, 2013)

army.mil

history.army.mil

Strength figures vary by source. Eicher, pp. 87–88: 35,000 Union, 32,000 Confederate; Esposito, map 19: 35,000 Union, 29,000 Confederate; Ballard Archived January 1, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, 35,000 Union (18,000 engaged), 34,000 Confederate (18,000 engaged); Salmon, p. 20: 28,450 Union, 32,230 Confederate; Kennedy, p. 14: 35,000 Union, 33,000 Confederate; Livermore, p. 77: 28,452 Union "effectives", 32,323 Confederate engaged. Writing in The Century Magazine, adjutant generals James B. Fry cites Archived May 9, 2008, at the Wayback Machine 18,572 Union men (including stragglers not on the field) and 24 guns engaged, Thomas Jordan cites Archived August 29, 2009, at the Wayback Machine 18,052 Confederate men and 37 guns engaged.
Ted Ballard. "Battle of First Bull Run : Staff Ride Guide" (PDF). History.army.mil. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 24, 2022. Retrieved March 1, 2022.

battlefields.org

[1] American Battlefield Trust "Second Manassas Battlefield" webpage. Accessed May 15, 2023.

books.google.com

James M. McPherson (1988). The Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. Oxford University Press. pp. 347–350. ISBN 9780199743902. Archived from the original on March 22, 2023. Retrieved June 15, 2017.

cornell.edu

ebooks.library.cornell.edu

Further information: Official Records, Series I, Volume II pp. 314–315 Archived July 1, 2020, at the Wayback Machine.
Further information: Official Records, Series I, Volume II pp. 469–470 Archived March 17, 2017, at the Wayback Machine.
Further information: Abstract from returns of the Department of Northeastern Virginia, commanded by Brigadier-General McDowell, U.S.A., for July 16 and 17, 1861 (Official Records, Series I, Volume II p. 309 Archived March 17, 2017, at the Wayback Machine).
Further information: Official Records, Series I, Volume II p. 187 Archived March 22, 2023, at the Wayback Machine and p. 568–569 Archived March 17, 2017, at the Wayback Machine.
Further information: Casualties at the battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861. (Official Records, Series I, Volume II p. 327 Archived March 17, 2017, at the Wayback Machine).
Further information: Casualties in the Army of the Potomac (Confederate) July 21, 1861. (Official Records, Series I, Volume II p. 570 Archived March 17, 2017, at the Wayback Machine).
Further information: Official Records, Series I, Volume II p. 187 Archived March 22, 2023, at the Wayback Machine.
Further information: Official Records, Series I, Volume II p. 328 Archived March 22, 2023, at the Wayback Machine.

deadconfederates.com

Hall, Andy (February 20, 2015). "Memory: Frederick Douglass' Black Confederate". Dead Confederates: A Civil War Blog. WordPress. Archived from the original on March 9, 2016. Retrieved March 5, 2016.

historicaldigression.com

"Bull Run and the Art of the Skedaddle | Historical Digression". Archived from the original on February 1, 2019. Retrieved January 31, 2019.

historynet.com

"Battle Of Bull Run". Historynet.com. Archived from the original on March 1, 2022. Retrieved March 1, 2022.

ironbrigader.com

"William T. Sherman's Report on His Brigade's Action at the First Battle of Bull Run". Ironbrigader.com. July 20, 2015. Archived from the original on October 9, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2020.

loc.gov

webarchive.loc.gov

"manassascivilwar.org". Archived from the original on May 5, 2011.

manassascivilwar.org

"manassascivilwar.org". Archived from the original on May 5, 2011.

nps.gov

National Park Service .
"National Park Service". Nps.gov. Archived from the original on May 9, 2017. Retrieved March 1, 2022.

npgallery.nps.gov

"National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.

nytimes.com

opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com

Masur, Kate (July 27, 2011). "Slavery and Freedom at Bull Run". The New York Times. New York. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved March 5, 2016.

rugreview.com

Strength figures vary by source. Eicher, pp. 87–88: 35,000 Union, 32,000 Confederate; Esposito, map 19: 35,000 Union, 29,000 Confederate; Ballard Archived January 1, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, 35,000 Union (18,000 engaged), 34,000 Confederate (18,000 engaged); Salmon, p. 20: 28,450 Union, 32,230 Confederate; Kennedy, p. 14: 35,000 Union, 33,000 Confederate; Livermore, p. 77: 28,452 Union "effectives", 32,323 Confederate engaged. Writing in The Century Magazine, adjutant generals James B. Fry cites Archived May 9, 2008, at the Wayback Machine 18,572 Union men (including stragglers not on the field) and 24 guns engaged, Thomas Jordan cites Archived August 29, 2009, at the Wayback Machine 18,052 Confederate men and 37 guns engaged.

senate.gov

"U.S. Senate: The Civil War: The Senate's Story". Senate.gov. Archived from the original on October 13, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
"U.S. Senate: Senators Witness the First Battle of Bull Run". www.senate.gov. Archived from the original on September 5, 2022. Retrieved September 5, 2022.

thehistoryreader.com

"July 21, 1861: First Major Battle of the Civil War". Thehistoryreader.com. July 21, 2011. Archived from the original on March 1, 2022. Retrieved March 1, 2022.

unc.edu

docsouth.unc.edu

Greenhow, Rose O'Neal, My Imprisonment and the First Year of Abolition Rule at Washington Archived May 20, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, London: Richard Bentley, 1863, p. 18, full text online at Documenting the American South, University of North Carolina

visitpwc.com

"Plan a trip and discover your story". visitpwc.com. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2011.

wdl.org

"Letter Written in Cipher on Mourning Paper by Rose Greenhow" Archived June 5, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, National Archives and Records Administration, World Digital Library

web.archive.org

"National Park Service". Nps.gov. Archived from the original on May 9, 2017. Retrieved March 1, 2022.
Further information: Official Records, Series I, Volume II pp. 314–315 Archived July 1, 2020, at the Wayback Machine.
Further information: Official Records, Series I, Volume II pp. 469–470 Archived March 17, 2017, at the Wayback Machine.
Further information: Abstract from returns of the Department of Northeastern Virginia, commanded by Brigadier-General McDowell, U.S.A., for July 16 and 17, 1861 (Official Records, Series I, Volume II p. 309 Archived March 17, 2017, at the Wayback Machine).
Strength figures vary by source. Eicher, pp. 87–88: 35,000 Union, 32,000 Confederate; Esposito, map 19: 35,000 Union, 29,000 Confederate; Ballard Archived January 1, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, 35,000 Union (18,000 engaged), 34,000 Confederate (18,000 engaged); Salmon, p. 20: 28,450 Union, 32,230 Confederate; Kennedy, p. 14: 35,000 Union, 33,000 Confederate; Livermore, p. 77: 28,452 Union "effectives", 32,323 Confederate engaged. Writing in The Century Magazine, adjutant generals James B. Fry cites Archived May 9, 2008, at the Wayback Machine 18,572 Union men (including stragglers not on the field) and 24 guns engaged, Thomas Jordan cites Archived August 29, 2009, at the Wayback Machine 18,052 Confederate men and 37 guns engaged.
Further information: Official Records, Series I, Volume II p. 187 Archived March 22, 2023, at the Wayback Machine and p. 568–569 Archived March 17, 2017, at the Wayback Machine.
Further information: Casualties at the battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861. (Official Records, Series I, Volume II p. 327 Archived March 17, 2017, at the Wayback Machine).
Further information: Casualties in the Army of the Potomac (Confederate) July 21, 1861. (Official Records, Series I, Volume II p. 570 Archived March 17, 2017, at the Wayback Machine).
"U.S. Senate: The Civil War: The Senate's Story". Senate.gov. Archived from the original on October 13, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
"Greenhow, Rose O'Neal" Archived January 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, (1817–1864), The National Archives – People Description. 1817–1864, (accessed February 5, 2013)
"Letter Written in Cipher on Mourning Paper by Rose Greenhow" Archived June 5, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, National Archives and Records Administration, World Digital Library
Ted Ballard. "Battle of First Bull Run : Staff Ride Guide" (PDF). History.army.mil. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 24, 2022. Retrieved March 1, 2022.
Further information: Official Records, Series I, Volume II p. 187 Archived March 22, 2023, at the Wayback Machine.
Masur, Kate (July 27, 2011). "Slavery and Freedom at Bull Run". The New York Times. New York. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
Hall, Andy (February 20, 2015). "Memory: Frederick Douglass' Black Confederate". Dead Confederates: A Civil War Blog. WordPress. Archived from the original on March 9, 2016. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
"William T. Sherman's Report on His Brigade's Action at the First Battle of Bull Run". Ironbrigader.com. July 20, 2015. Archived from the original on October 9, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
"Battle Of Bull Run". Historynet.com. Archived from the original on March 1, 2022. Retrieved March 1, 2022.
"Bull Run and the Art of the Skedaddle | Historical Digression". Archived from the original on February 1, 2019. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
"July 21, 1861: First Major Battle of the Civil War". Thehistoryreader.com. July 21, 2011. Archived from the original on March 1, 2022. Retrieved March 1, 2022.
Further information: Official Records, Series I, Volume II p. 328 Archived March 22, 2023, at the Wayback Machine.
"U.S. Senate: Senators Witness the First Battle of Bull Run". www.senate.gov. Archived from the original on September 5, 2022. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
Greenhow, Rose O'Neal, My Imprisonment and the First Year of Abolition Rule at Washington Archived May 20, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, London: Richard Bentley, 1863, p. 18, full text online at Documenting the American South, University of North Carolina
James M. McPherson (1988). The Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. Oxford University Press. pp. 347–350. ISBN 9780199743902. Archived from the original on March 22, 2023. Retrieved June 15, 2017.
"Plan a trip and discover your story". visitpwc.com. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2011.